Explainable mortality prediction models incorporating social health determinants and physical frailty for heart failure patients.

There is limited evidence on how social determinants of health (SDOH) and physical frailty (PF) influence mortality prediction in heart failure (HF), particularly for in-hospital, 90-day, and 1-year outcomes. This study aims to develop explainable machine learning (ML) models to assess the prognostic value of SDOH and PF at multiple time points. We analyzed data from adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the first time with a diagnosis of HF.

[Research progress on the early warning of heart failure based on remote dynamic monitoring technology].

Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of all cardiac diseases, characterized by high prevalence, high mortality, and heavy social and economic burden. Early warning of HF exacerbation is of great value for outpatient management and reducing readmission rates. Currently, remote dynamic monitoring technology, which captures changes in hemodynamic and physiological parameters of HF patients, has become the primary method for early warning and is a hot research topic in clinical studies.

Wearable Device-Based Respiratory Complexity Analysis for Detecting Pulmonary Congestion in Patients With Heart Failure: Observational Exploratory Study.

Background: Excessive pulmonary congestion (PC) is a major contributor to heart failure (HF) deterioration and often necessitates emergency hospitalization. Early detection of PC-related respiratory abnormalities via wearable devices could enable prompt intervention and reduce admissions. However, the feasibility of using wearables to detect specific respiratory biomarkers of PC remains unclear.

Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals a distinct microglial state and increased MSR1-mediated phagocytosis as common features across dementia subtypes.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) collectively represent the majority of dementia cases worldwide. While these subtypes share clinical, genetic, and pathological features, their transcriptomic similarities and differences remain poorly understood.

Methods: We applied single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to prefrontal cortex samples from individuals with non-cognitive impairment control (NCI), and dementia subtypes (AD, DLB, and PDD) to investigate cell type-specific gene expression patterns and pathways underlying pathological similarities and differences across dementia subtypes.

WeatherClean: An Image Restoration Algorithm for UAV-Based Railway Inspection in Adverse Weather.

UAV-based inspections are an effective way to ensure railway safety and have gained significant attention. However, images captured during complex weather conditions, such as rain, snow, or fog, often suffer from severe degradation, affecting image recognition accuracy. Existing algorithms for removing rain, snow, and fog have two main limitations: they do not adaptively learn features under varying weather complexities and struggle with managing complex noise patterns in drone inspections, leading to incomplete noise removal.

Structural design and simulation of a MOEMS gyroscope based on subwavelength grating detection.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, out-of-plane microelectromechanical system (MOEMS) gyroscope based on Wood's type anomaly utilizing a subwavelength grating pair has been proposed. Based on this anomalous diffraction phenomenon, tiny changes in the displacement of the nanostructured grating elements lead to a dramatic increase or decrease of the optical diffraction amplitude. With this special feature, this structure is ideal to measure the weak Coriolis force of an MOEMS gyroscope.

-level bias stability of a tri-axial grating Talbot-effect-based MOEMS accelerometer.

With the advantage of high-precision and anti-electromagnetic interference, micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) accelerometers have significant applications in inertial navigation, the automotive industry, and attitude reference. The cross-axis interference of the accelerometer has seriously affected the accuracy of acceleration measurements. This paper presents a three-axis integrated grating MOEMS accelerometer, featuring lower cross-axis interference and higher bias stability.

Identification of key ferroptosis-related genes associated with the development of gastric cancer: Prognostic models, molecular mechanisms and potential treatment strategies.

Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent form of cell death that influences the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC), affecting its growth, invasion and metastasis. However, molecular regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in GC remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify key ferroptosis-related genes associated with GC development.

SIN1 facilitates glioma progression and is associated with the KRAS/ERK pathway.

Purpose: Glioma is the most common primary brain and spinal cord tumor, with effective treatments still lacking. Stress-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1 (SIN1) has been reported to be upregulated in various tumor types, contributing to tumorigenesis. However, its specific role in glioma remains unclear.

Advancing lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Integrative mechanisms, emerging diagnostics, and translational therapies.

Lymph nodes (LNs) play a critical role in the process of cancer metastasis, serving as pivotal hubs for the retention, proliferation, and immune regulation of metastatic cells, and promoting distant metastasis through various mechanisms. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy, where lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a key indicator of disease progression and poor prognosis, directly impacting patient survival and quality of life. Understanding the complex mechanisms of lymph node metastasis, precise diagnostic methods, and effective therapeutic strategies is essential for improving HNSCC patient outcomes.

Wearable Biosensing of Caffeine via Microfluidic-Integrated Agarose Hydrogels for Personalized Metabolic Monitoring.

Wearable sweat sensors have gained tremendous attention on account of performing noninvasive and real-time monitoring of sweat analytes, providing a view of the human physiological state at the molecular level. Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid, and its levels in the human body are directly related to health. Developing a wearable device for dynamically assessing caffeine levels in sweat could facilitate real-time personalized health monitoring.

Effectiveness of health education based on Behavior Change Wheel theory combined with teach-back method for self-management of community-dwelling empty nesters with hypertension combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a health education intervention based on the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) theory and Teach-Back method on the self-management of older adults empty nesters with comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (HTN-T2DM). 76 patients were divided into two groups: the text group received health education based on the BCW theory and Teach-Back method, and the control group received general health education. After the intervention, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in fasting blood glucose levels and diabetes self-management scores at time points, intergroups, and time-group interactions.

Analysis of the Current Status of Self-Management Behaviors and Factors Affecting Self-Management in Elderly Empty Nesters with Comorbid Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a Cross-Sectional Study From the Community.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate disease self-management and its influencing factors among empty nesters with comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese community.

Patients And Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 385 empty nesters in the community with comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, including general information about the patients, the conditions of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and self-management scores. The results were analysed using independent samples -test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression.

Scalable Preparation of High-Quality Microwave-Assisted Reduced Graphene Oxide via Spatial Configuration Engineering.

The non-uniform heating phenomenon in microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon materials has persistently posed a core challenge restricting the realization of industrial-scale applications for microwave technology. Here, an innovative microwave reduction strategy based on spatial configuration engineering is proposed, solving the problem of uneven product quality in the scale-up preparation of microwave-assisted reduced graphene oxide (m-rGO). The corona-discharge-free and fully exposed irradiation areas jointly determine the stability of batch reduction and quality of m-rGO.

Coreactant-free and single-potential-channel electrochemiluminescence from dual-thiols-stabilizer capped gold nanoclusters and its NIR immunoassay application.

Ru(bpy)/tripropylamine (TPrA) is the sole electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system, which is being extensively employed in commercialized In Vitro Diagnosis. The coreactant ECL of Ru(bpy)/TPrA is of a multiple-channel emission and wide electrochemical potential window nature. Herein, a coreactant-free and single-potential-channel ECL strategy is proposed with a biocompatible nano-electrochemiluminophore, i.

IGFBP5 promotes EndoMT and renal fibrosis through H3K18 lactylation in diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important complication in diabetic patients that severely impacts their quality of life and life expectancy. Although metabolic and inflammatory responses induced by hyperglycemia are considered the primary pathogenic factors of DN, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) in DN using in vitro cell experiments and mouse models.

A combined improved dung beetle optimization and extreme learning machine framework for precise SOC estimation.

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) proportionally impacts the efficiency of battery management systems (BMS) considering the dynamic and non-linear behavior of LiBs. Changes in the activities of the cathode and anode materials and internal resistance tend to impact the battery capacity. When the battery is operated at high or low temperatures or under the HWFET condition, battery capacity tends to deteriorate drastically.

The elusive nature of forward blocking effect on running-based taste aversion learning in laboratory rats.

It is well documented that rats learn to avoid a taste solution consumed immediately before voluntary running in activity wheels, which represents a form of Pavlovian aversive conditioning based on the taste-running association. Although various behavioral phenomena observed in typical Pavlovian preparations, such as fear conditioning, have also been demonstrated in this setup, evidence of the associative blocking effect is limited. The present study aimed to demonstrate this effect, and the first experiment provided some positive evidence.

A special short-wing petal faba genome and genetic dissection of floral and yield-related traits accelerate breeding and improvement of faba bean.

Background: A comprehensive study of the genome and genetics of superior germplasms is fundamental for crop improvement. As a widely adapted protein crop with high yield potential, the improvement in breeding and development of the seeds industry of faba bean have been greatly hindered by its giant genome size and high outcrossing rate.

Results: To fully explore the genomic diversity and genetic basis of important agronomic traits, we first generate a de novo genome assembly and perform annotation of a special short-wing petal faba bean germplasm (VF8137) exhibiting a low outcrossing rate.

Cu- and P-co-doped nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air batteries.

High-performance Fe-based nitrogen-doped carbon oxygen reduction catalysts have been widely reported, but the Fenton reaction faced by such catalysts has hindered their practical application in fuel cells. The development of inexpensive, effective, and durable non-Fe nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts is important for advancing fuel cell technology. In this work, we have introduced a molecular coordination chemistry method to synthesize a Cu- and P-co-doped nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon (Cu-P-N-C) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst by pyrolyzing a mixture of phytate and melamine.

Microglial mechanisms drive amyloid-β clearance in immunized patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies utilizing amyloid-β (Aβ) immunization have shown potential in clinical trials. Yet, the mechanisms driving Aβ clearance in the immunized AD brain remain unclear. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to explore the effects of both active and passive Aβ immunization in the AD brain.

Biomimetic Fog Harvesting with Synergistic Effects of Multiple Driving Forces.

Water scarcity is a pressing global issue, prompting researchers to explore innovative solutions, such as harvesting water from the air. Drawing inspiration from natural materials like spider silk and cactus spines, this work has focused on developing structures with mixed wettability gradients to harvest fog from the environment. The hybrid wetting design, combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties along with a 3D structure, enhances the capture of water droplets by increasing the contact area with fog flow.

In Vitro Evaluation of Ruminal Digestibility, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Diversity of Kenaf Crop at Various Cutting Heights.

The current study investigated the in vitro degradability, in vitro gas production, methane (CH) production, and ruminal bacterial community of kenaf plants cut at different heights (130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 cm). These samples were subjected to an in vitro batch culture system using buffalo rumen fluid to measure gas and CH production at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Results reveal that crude protein (CP) concentration was the highest at the 220 cm height compared with the other heights.