Global patterns and trends in cancer-related premature death and their impact on life expectancy across 185 countries: a population-based analysis.

Background: The level of premature deaths (deaths among those aged 30-69 years) caused by cancer is an important indicator of evaluating the level of cancer prevention and control. However, the current burden and temporal trends in cancer-related premature deaths, and their impact on life expectancy at the global, regional, and national levels are not clear.

Methods: Cancer mortality data for 185 countries were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database.

Radiation-sensitive circRNA promotes intestinal regeneration.

Background: The intestine is one of the most sensitive organs to ionizing radiation (IR), and radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) impacts the quality of life of patients undergoing radiotherapy. There are limited early diagnostic biomarkers and specific medicines clinically approved for RIII. Therefore, we sought to identify new theranostic targets to prevent RIII and to facilitate the reestablishment of the intestinal epithelium.

Defect-engineered amorphous-like nanointerceptors for T MRI-Guided treatment of reperfusion injury.

Ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury is dominated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage and uncontrolled inflammation, yet effective strategies for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment remain elusive. Herein, we report a defect-engineered amorphous-like MnCeO nanointerceptor with dual capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -guided stroke diagnosis and ROS-scavenging therapy. The synergistic effect of the amorphous-like structure and Mn-Ce solid solution induces abundant oxygen vacancies and a disordered surface, significantly boosting ROS catalytic removal.

Arabidopsis PDK1-AGC1.5 kinases are crucial for pollen dormancy by promoting JINGUBANG expression and inhibiting jasmonic acid biosynthesis.

The ability to make a timely decision between being dormant and germinating is critical for pollen to achieve a selection advantage. Genetic pathways controlling developmental and environmental-controlled pollen dormancy remain largely unclear. We report here that four Arabidopsis AGC kinases, PDK1.

Kinesins control male germ unit assembly for sperm delivery in Arabidopsis.

Unlike flagellated sperm in animals, which use molecular motors for motility, immotile sperm cells of angiosperms rely on cytoplasmic transport within pollen tubes to reach female gametes for fertilization. However, the mechanism underlying sperm cell transport in angiosperms remains unknown. Since the 1970s it has been observed that the two sperm cells, or their progenitor generative cell, are transported together with the pollen vegetative nucleus as part of an aggregated structure called the male germ unit, which forms within the pollen cytoplasm.

Mesoporous ATO with Oxygen Vacancies as an Outstanding IrO Support for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction in PEM Water Electrolysis.

This study focuses on the development of high-performance and durable supported iridium-based catalysts. Mesoporous antimony tin oxide (ATO) supports with high conductivity, high specific surface area, and rich in oxygen vacancies is prepared by employing a Pt-catalyzed oxidation of carbon template removal approach. The pore sizes of mesoporous ATO supports are tuned from 5 to 12 nm by adjusting the template removal temperature.

Association between long-term (current) aspirin use and sepsis-related delirium in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Driven by the global aging trend, the prognosis of elderly patients with sepsis has garnered increasing attention. Sepsis-associated delirium (SAD), a common manifestation of elderly patients with sepsis, is frequently linked to poor clinical outcomes. Despite its prevalence, effective preventive measures remain lacking.

Downregulation of AdipoR1 in the hippocampus impairs synaptic function and structure and causes depression-like behavior.

Previous studies have indicated that impaired synaptic plasticity is a main pathological alteration in depression. However, the mechanism underlying this pathological change has not been clarified. Adiponectin, an adipokine, crosses the blood‒brain barrier to function in specific brain regions.

Brain Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Exercise Improves Methamphetamine-Induced Impairments in Mouse Learning and Memory Abilities.

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse can inflict profound and enduring neurotoxic effects on the brain, culminating in cognitive dysfunction and impairment of learning and memory. Physical exercise can stimulate both structural and functional adaptations in the central nervous system. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the safeguarding effect and underlying mechanisms of treadmill exercise intervention in the brains of METH-addicted mice.

PPDPF promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via c-Myc/CD24 axis.

Background: Despite a series of attempts during the last decades, the prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poor. Although clinical immunotherapy trials have shown encouraging results, their benefits are limited. This study aims to identify novel targets for immunotherapy in ESCC.

Unveiling Long-Range Wavelike Alternately Competitive and Cooperative Bond Coupling Modes in Single-Atom Catalysis.

Supports can critically influence or even dominate the chemical state, adsorption property, and catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts (SACs), but the fundamental physicochemical principles driving adsorbate-M-ligand-support bond interactions have not been fully understood yet. Here, we reveal the orbital-level interaction modes underlying the long-range bond couplings in SACs by using single-atom Ru (Ru) supported on rutile-type oxides (TiO, SnO, and MnO) in CO adsorption and oxidation as a model system. Our results show that Ru-support binding strength and catalytic activity for CO oxidation increase in the following order: Ru/TiO < Ru/SnO < Ru/MnO, while CO-Ru adsorption strength oppositely decreases as Ru/TiO > Ru/SnO > Ru/MnO.

Light-Fueled Non-Photoisomerized Dissipative Self-Assembly System Through Transient Radical-Radical Interactions.

Living organisms inspire intensive exploration of artificial dissipative systems under far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics. Light, as an ideal fuel form, offers remote control, spatiotemporal precision, and no chemical waste. However, the energy dissipating mechanism behind current light-driven system hinges on photoisomerization.

Cancer mortality trends in China from 2013-2021 and projections to 2030.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends in cancer mortality in China from 2013-2021 and project the future trends through 2030.

Methods: This study was based on the China Causes of Death Surveillance Dataset, which covers 2.37 billion person-years.

Correction: A study on resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with different outcomes of prolonged disorders of consciousness.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2025.

Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions of TPN171 When Coadministration With Rifampicin or Itraconazole.

Purpose: TPN171, a novel, highly selective, and potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is currently under clinical development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The drug is mainly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme 3A4. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and safety of TPN171, both alone and in combination with itraconazole (a CYP3A4 potent inhibitor) or rifampin (a CYP3A4 potent inducer), in healthy Chinese volunteers.

The microtubule-binding domain of spastin participates in microtubule severing through electrostatic interactions.

Spastin is a microtubule-severing enzyme and takes part in various microtubule-based events, but its microtubule-severing mechanism remains largely elusive. Spastin has an intrinsically unstructured microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) N-terminal to the AAA domain that is indispensable for the microtubule-severing activity. By performing a series of mutagenesis studies, we find that spastin can tolerate the mutation of a small number of basic residues in the MTBD, but mutating half of the basic residues abolishes the basal and microtubule-stimulated ATPase activities of spastin.

Development and Validation of a Predictive Nomogram for Intraoperative Hypothermia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Da Vinci Robot-Assisted Urological Tumor Resection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aims to construct a Nomogram for intraoperative hypothermia (IH) in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted urological tumor resection (RAUTR) and to evaluate the effect of the model by internal and external validation. Using convenient sampling to enroll patients in a large hospital from February 2022 to July 2024 as the modeling and validation cohort. Identifying the independent risk factors for IH by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and developing a Nomogram by the R software.

Feasibility and efficacy of remimazolam for anesthesia monitoring in transcatheter aortic valve implantation via femoral artery access.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of remimazolam during anesthesia monitoring in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) via femoral artery catheter (FAC).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 50 patients who underwent TAVI via FAC from July 2022 to September 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: a control group (receiving propofol, n=25) and a remimazolam group (receiving remimazolam, n=25).

A study on resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with different outcomes of prolonged disorders of consciousness.

Background: To explore the characteristics of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with different outcomes of prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) by studying resting-state near-infrared imaging in patients with pDoC.

Methods: 60 patients with pDoC were processed with resting-state near-infrared imaging and divided into unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state (UWS/VS) group, minimally conscious state (MCS) group and escape minimally conscious state (EMCS) group according to the post-treatment state of consciousness, to analyze the difference of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with different outcomes of patients with pDoC.

Results: Functional connectivity (FC) between frontal lobe and left occipital lobe, frontal lobe and right occipital lobe, and left and right occipital lobes decreased in the UWS/VS group compared with the MCS group; functional connectivity between frontal lobe and left occipital lobe, frontal lobe and right occipital lobe, and left and right occipital lobes decreased in the UWS/VS group compared with the EMCS group; functional connectivity did not show any significant difference between the EMCS and MCS groups; and functional connectivity was more centralized in the MCS group and EMCS group.

Amorphous Silicon Nitride Thin Film Withstanding Up to 1700 °C: Structure and Thermal Conductivity.

Amorphous silicon nitride (SiN) thin films are widely used in modern microelectronics and also as thermal barrier materials in combustion engines. The structure and thermal conductivity of amorphous SiN films upon thermal treatment are important to electronic device thermal management and thermal insulating protection of engine components. In this work, we observe dramatically different crystallization behaviors of the amorphous SiN thin films prepared by various CVD techniques.

Enhancing Delirium Prediction in ICU Older Patients Through the 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index.

Background: Delirium and frailty are prevalent in the ICU, yet there is a paucity of research utilising frailty as determined by the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) to examine its correlation with delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) older patients.

Aim: The aim of this research was to explore the association between the mFI-5 and the occurrence of delirium in older patients admitted to the ICU, while assessing the mFI-5's predictive value for delirium.

Study Design: This study employed data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database.

Molecular mechanisms underlying cashmere quality differences between Jiangnan cashmere goats and Changthangi pashmina goats.

Cashmere goats are excellent livestock breeds known for producing high-quality cashmere fibers from secondary hair follicles. In this study, we aimed to explore the key RNA molecules responsible for the differences in cashmere quality between Jiangnan cashmere goats (JNCG) and Changthangi pashmina goats (CPG). Skin transcriptomic data from the anagen, catagen, and telogen stages of hair follicle growth were retrieved from the SRA database for both JNCG and CPG.

The risk factors for relapse behavior in individuals with substance use disorders: An interpretable machine learning study.

Background: Substance abuse has become a serious public health problem worldwide, and finding effective prevention and treatment strategies is undoubtedly an urgent need. This study addresses the risk factors that lead to relapse behaviors among substance use disorders (SUDs) and provides a reference for developing appropriate prevention and treatment strategies for SUDs.

Methods: In this study, 5255 SUDs were collected by cluster-wide random sampling, including basic personal information, personal health, social relationships, drug abuse behaviors and characteristics, and other information collected to predict the recurrence rate.

The role of LINGO-1 in regulating CB1R/TrkB signalling and GABAergic interneurons in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) is a neuronal system-specific transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and our previous findings showed that LINGO-1 antagonism can improve cognitive function and protect hippocampal GABAergic interneurons in AD model mice. However, the specific mechanism underlying these effects is not clear. In this study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to directly interfere with hippocampal LINGO-1 in vivo, and LINGO-1 antagonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) agonists, and CB1R antagonists were used to treat mouse hippocampal neurons (HT22 neurons) in vitro.