Micro-Strain Responsive Near-Infrared Mechanoluminescence for Potential Nondestructive Artificial Joint Stress Imaging.

Recently, joint replacement surgery is facing significant challenges of patient dissatisfaction and the need for revision procedures. In-situ monitoring of stress stability at the site of artificial joint replacement during postoperative evaluation is important. Mechanoluminescence (ML), a novel "force to light" conversion technology, may be used to monitor such bio-stress within tissues.

Orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Nd:LaMgAl11O19/Nd:SrAl12O19 laser at 1297 and 1306 nm with adjustable ratio of output powers.

Using tunable in-band laser diode (LD) pumping (791.1-798.2 nm), an orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength (OPDW) Nd:LaMgAl11O19/Nd:SrAl12O19 (Nd:LMA/Nd:SA) operation at 1297 nm and 1306 nm for the 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 transition is demonstrated for the first time.

Automating HotSpot health physics code for enhanced radiological risk assessment using python.

HotSpot Health Physics Code is widely used for assessing radiological risks during nuclear incidents and emergencies, providing critical insights into radiation dose distributions and contamination patterns. However, its manual data input and analysis processes limit its efficiency in complex scenarios requiring extensive parameter variations. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a Python-based automation framework for HotSpot.

Novel chalcogen and halogen surface functional groups for tuning the mechanical properties of TMDs/MXenes heterojunctions.

MXenes exhibit remarkable mechanical properties due to their unique structural properties and strong atomic bonding, making them highly competitive among 2D materials. Forming heterojunctions between TMDs and MXenes offers a promising strategy to enhance material performance for advanced applications. Although extensive studies have explored the electronic and chemical properties of MXenes-based heterojunctions, investigations into their mechanical properties, particularly the effects of surface functional groups, remain limited.

High Robustness and Multistability of Small Mesoscale Continuous GFRP Metamaterials: Novel Möbius Strip Structure.

Fiber-reinforced polymer composite mechanical metamaterials have emerged as promising candidates for multifunctional structural applications owing to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratios. However, achieving concurrent high stiffness, high strength, and large recoverable strain in such structures remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs between these properties. To address this limitation, a novel Möbius-inspired metamaterial through optimized fiber orientation design is developed.

Self-Doped CuZnSnSe Nanosheets for Enhanced Thermoelectric Catalytic-Ferroptotic Therapy.

Thermoelectric technology, a rapidly advancing field in medical therapy, encounters challenges in achieving efficient thermal and electrical transport properties within the limited thermal range compatible with biological systems. This study presents a high-performance thermoelectric catalytic therapy (TECT) utilizing Cu self-doped CuZnSnSe nanosheets synthesized with non-stoichiometric ratios modified with DSPE-mPEG (n-CZTSe@PEG NSs). Under 808 nm laser irradiation, n-CZTSe@PEG NSs demonstrate an impressive photothermal conversion efficiency of 47.

Dynamic Allocation of C-V2X Communication Resources Based on Graph Attention Network and Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications are two key components of intelligent transport systems (ITSs) that can share spectrum resources through in-band overlay. V2V communication primarily supports traffic safety, whereas V2N primarily focuses on infotainment and information exchange. Achieving reliable V2V transmission alongside high-rate V2N services in resource-constrained, dynamically changing traffic environments poses a significant challenge for resource allocation.

Intelligent Dynamic-Enhanced Compensation for UAV Magnetic Interference.

Magnetic interference compensation is critical for enhancing the accuracy of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) magnetic anomaly detection. To address the constrained compensation performance of the conventional Tolles-Lawson (T-L) model, which stems from insufficient parametric dimensionality, this study proposes a dynamic-enhanced extended compensation model. The novelly introduced attitude angle and attitude angular rate-coupled features expand the parameter set from 18 to 34 terms, significantly enhancing the characterization of the magnetic field.

How Exploitative Leadership Emerges: The Activating Effect of Organizational Context on Individual Traits.

Although the detrimental effects of exploitative leadership have been widely revealed, scholarly understanding of its formation mechanisms remains insufficient. Addressing this gap, the present study draws upon trait activation theory to investigate the antecedents and formation mechanisms of exploitative leadership through the dual lenses of personality traits and organizational contexts. Through an empirical examination of questionnaire data from 422 leader-subordinate dyads in Chinese organizations, the results of this study reveal that: three leader personality traits-self-interest, other-oriented perfectionism, and high power distance orientation-significantly and positively predict exploitative leadership behaviors; three organizational contexts-task challenge, flexible status conferral, and leader-subordinate goal misalignment-likewise serve as positive predictors of exploitative leadership behaviors; through trait activation effects, flexible status conferral significantly strengthens the positive relationships between all three personality traits and exploitative leadership, while task challenge and goal misalignment specifically amplify the positive relationships of exploitative leadership with high power distance orientation and self-interested personality, respectively.

Resonant Helical Dichroism in Twisted Dielectric Metastructures.

Circular dichroism, arising from interactions with light fields of opposite spin angular momentum, has become a fundamental tool for molecular characterization. Meanwhile, helical dichroism (HD)─the dichroic response to vortex beams carrying opposite orbital angular momentum (OAM)─offers an alternative approach for probing chiral molecules and photonic structures. Previous demonstrations of HD have been limited to nonresonant light-matter interactions with chiral micro- and nanostructures, leaving the realization of resonant helical dichroism largely unexplored.

Interstitial Ag Engineering Enables Superior Resistive Switching in Quasi-2D Halide Perovskites.

Halide perovskite-based memristors are promising neuromorphic devices due to their unique ion migration and interface tunability, yet their conduction mechanisms remain unclear, causing stability and performance issues. Here, we engineer interstitial Ag ions within a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) halide perovskite ((CHCHNH)CsPbI) to enhance device stability and controllability. The introduced Ag ions occupy organic interlayers, forming thermodynamically stable structures and introducing deep-level energy states without structural distortion, which do not act as non-radiative recombination centers, but instead serve as efficient charge trapping centers that stabilize intermediate resistance states and facilitate controlled filament evolution during resistive switching.

Enhanced Electrochromic Properties of NiO Films Through Magnesium Doping Strategy.

In order to improve the electrochromic properties of NiO films, Mg ions were introduced into NiO films using the sol-gel method and the spin-coating method. The introduction of Mg ions leads to the loose structure of the compact NiO film, which can provide more channels for the transport of OH. In addition, the introduction of Mg ions increases the oxygen vacancies and oxygen interstitial defects in the NiO film, which effectively increases the reactive sites and improves the charge transfer efficiency at the interface between the NiO film and the electrolyte.

Tumor Microenvironment-Activated Fe-Doped Dendritic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanocomposites as Ferroptosis Inducers for Enhanced Immunotherapy.

Dendritic mesoporous organosilica (DMOS) nanoparticles are widely used to transport therapeutic agents to cancer sites and rapidly release them owing to their rapid biodegradability in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the role of these DMOS nanoparticles as nanocarriers is limited, and their applications remain relatively simple. In this study, Fe-doped dendritic mesoporous organosilica (Fe-DMOS) nanoparticles are designed as a new type of ferroptosis inducer and are combined with sodium hyaluronate-modified calcium peroxide to form TME-responsive nanocomposites.

The optimization of low Earth orbit satellite constellation visibility with genetic algorithm for improved navigation potential.

To tackle visibility optimization challenges in Low Earth Orbit satellite constellations, this study proposed an enhanced framework based on an adaptive parallel Genetic Algorithm (GA). The aim was to improve both navigation accuracy and dynamic robustness. A hybrid constellation was designed by integrating polar, Walker, and Orthogonal Circular Orbits, with a dynamic relaxation factor, γ, explicitly included to compensate for J2 perturbation effects.

Optimizing adaptive modulation technique using standard propagation model for enhanced wireless communication channels.

Recent progress in the domain of wireless communication systems has brought to light emerging trends that underscore the evolution of modern communication paradigms. Nonetheless, the performance of such systems remains constrained by persistent technical limitations, including packet loss, bandwidth scarcity, and suboptimal spectral efficiency, all of which necessitate rigorous analytical investigations. To address these constraints, the present study leverages an adaptive modulation technique tailored to enhance communication efficiency.

Octopus-Inspired Smart Adhesive with Adjustable Stiffness for Adhesion on Uneven Surfaces in Air and Underwater.

Octopus-inspired smart adhesives have exhibited remarkable application prospects in domains including soft grippers and medical monitoring. Nonetheless, existing bioinspired adhesives still exhibit a notable gap in adhesion strength compared to living tissues due to the uncontrollable stiffness, especially when adhering to uneven surfaces. In this study, shape memory polymer (SMP) is utilized with photothermal conversion properties to mimic the characteristics of octopus tentacle suckers and muscles, proposing a photoresponsive smart adhesive (PSA) with adjustable stiffness.

Anti-disturbance trajectory tracking event-triggered control for underactuated surface vessels: A novel switching self-tuning mechanism.

Prescribed performance control has garnered significant interest for its capability to predefine system performance indicators. However, some unresolved challenges persist in prescribed performance control for underactuated surface vessels (USVs) under disturbances and input saturation. To address these issues, this paper proposes a fixed-time trajectory tracking scheme for underactuated surface vessels, where external disturbances, input saturation, and prescribed performance are considered.

An atomic surface of an aluminum alloy induced by novel green chemical mechanical polishing using hybrid rare earth abrasives and mechanisms unraveled.

An aluminum (Al) alloy is a soft, plastic-like metal that is prone to embedding abrasives, scratches, corrosion pits, and deformation. Achieving an atomically smooth surface on an Al alloy presents a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel green chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique using hydrogen peroxide, tyrosine, sodium carbonate, and hybrid abrasives composed of silica, yttria, and ceria.

Graph-sequence enhanced transformer for template-free prediction of natural product biosynthesis.

Natural products (NPs) play a vital role in drug discovery, with many FDA-approved drugs derived from these compounds. Despite their significance, the biosynthetic pathways of NPs remain poorly characterized due to their inherent complexity and the limitations of traditional retrosynthesis methods in predicting such intricate reactions. While template-free machine learning models have demonstrated promise in organic synthesis, their application to biosynthetic pathways is still in its infancy.

A biodegradable self-cascading copper-based nanozyme for augmented cancer catalytic therapy and cuproptosis.

Nanozyme-mediated catalytic therapy is a promising and potent approach for tumor treatment; however, its therapeutic efficiency is limited by insufficient HO and excess glutathione (GSH) within the complex tumor microenvironment. Herein, we propose a self-cascading nanozyme strategy that self-supplies HO, consumes GSH, and induces cuproptosis to address these challenges. This design features a triphenylphosphine-functionalized copper-doped mesoporous silica nanoplatform (denoted as DCM) that exhibits multi-enzymatic activity, degradability, and mitochondrial targeting capacity.

Direction of arrival estimation by Perona & Malik regularized Richardson-Lucy deconvolution.

The Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution algorithm is widely used in underwater acoustic array signal processing for the direction of arrival estimation due to its robustness and high resolution. However, its performance deteriorates at low signal-to-noise ratio, which is caused by the ill-posed inverse problem. To improve the algorithm performance, this paper proposes to combine the RL algorithm with Perona & Malik regularizer.

Description of the structural and optical properties of Ag-doped InS thin films fabricated via vacuum thermal evaporation.

Thin film solar cells are currently using indium sulfide (InS), an n-type semiconductor with a broad bandgap energy (2.2-2.7 eV), as a buffer/window layer in place of the hazardous CdS.

Digital Inspection Technology for Sheet Metal Parts Using 3D Point Clouds.

To solve the low efficiency of traditional sheet metal measurement, this paper proposes a digital inspection method for sheet metal parts based on 3D point clouds. The 3D point cloud data of sheet metal parts are collected using a 3D laser scanner, and the topological relationship is established by using a K-dimensional tree (KD tree). The pass-through filtering method is adopted to denoise the point cloud data.

A Smart Textile-Based Tactile Sensing System for Multi-Channel Sign Language Recognition.

Sign language recognition plays a crucial role in enabling communication for deaf individuals, yet current methods face limitations such as sensitivity to lighting conditions, occlusions, and lack of adaptability in diverse environments. This study presents a wearable multi-channel tactile sensing system based on smart textiles, designed to capture subtle wrist and finger motions for static sign language recognition. The system leverages triboelectric yarns sewn into gloves and sleeves to construct a skin-conformal tactile sensor array, capable of detecting biomechanical interactions through contact and deformation.

Strain-Rate Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Validation.

Basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites, utilizing a natural high-performance inorganic fiber, exhibit excellent weathering resistance, including tolerance to high and low temperatures, salt fog, and acid/alkali corrosion. They also possess superior mechanical properties such as high strength and modulus, making them widely applicable in aerospace and shipbuilding. This study experimentally investigated the mechanical properties of BFRP plates under various strain rates (10 s to 10 s) and directions using an electronic universal testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).