Prevalence, risk factors, and metabolic implications of alcohol use disorders among male workers in Hebei Province, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that can lead to alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which encompass a spectrum of conditions including alcohol dependence and abuse, causing significant mental and physical health issues. Excessive drinking is linked to various diseases, such as liver damage, metabolic disorders, and mental health conditions, with notable gender differences in drinking patterns, particularly among workers. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and metabolic implications associated with AUDs among male workers in China.

Quantifying the impact of hair and skin characteristics on fNIRS signal quality for enhanced inclusivity.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising neuroimaging method owing to its non-invasive nature and adaptability to real-world settings. However, fNIRS signal quality is sensitive to individual differences in biophysical factors such as hair and skin characteristics, which can considerably impact the absorption and scattering of near-infrared light. If not properly addressed, these factors risk biasing fNIRS research by disproportionately affecting signal quality across diverse populations.

High Robustness and Multistability of Small Mesoscale Continuous GFRP Metamaterials: Novel Möbius Strip Structure.

Fiber-reinforced polymer composite mechanical metamaterials have emerged as promising candidates for multifunctional structural applications owing to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratios. However, achieving concurrent high stiffness, high strength, and large recoverable strain in such structures remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs between these properties. To address this limitation, a novel Möbius-inspired metamaterial through optimized fiber orientation design is developed.

A Review of Maricultural Wastewater Treatment Using an MBR: Insights into the Mechanism of Membrane Fouling Mitigation Through a Microalgal-Bacterial Symbiotic and Microbial Ecological Network.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been utilized for maricultural wastewater treatment, where high-salinity stress results in dramatic membrane fouling in the actual process. A microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS) offers advantages for photosynthetic oxygen production, dynamically regulating the structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and improving the salinity tolerance of bacteria and algae. This study centered on the mechanisms of membrane fouling mitigation via the microalgal-bacterial interactions in the MBSS, including improving the pollutant removal, optimizing the system parameters, and controlling the gel layer formation.

Dual Roles of SIRT7 Inhibition by Oroxylin A Reprogram HSCs Fate: PRMT5 Succinylation-Driven Senescence and Ecto-Calreticulin-Dependent NK Cell Immune Clearance in Liver Fibrosis.

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) represents a central pathological event in liver fibrogenesis, and targeted clearance of activated HSCs is considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is limited. Here, we report that Oroxylin A (OA) inhibited the activation of HSCs by inhibiting the dual roles of Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7).

A method and system for generating a combination of psychological testing scales.

Given the inherent limitations of traditional psychological testing scales in terms of breadth and specificity, both comprehensive and individual assessment scales offer distinct advantages. However, challenges persist because of their complementary deficiencies in practical applications. This article argues that intricate content optimization of scales is not necessary; instead, it conceptualizes comprehensive scales and individual assessment items as a multi-label classification problem.

Rare recurrence of common bile duct calculi post T-tube cholangiography: A case report.

Background: Recurrence of common bile duct (CBD) calculi within 30 days following T-tube cholangiography is exceedingly rare.

Case Summary: This article details an instance of choledocholithiasis involving a 1.2 cm × 0.

Effects of magnesium concentration on the regulation of nutrition and inflammation in nutritional support for cancer patients.

Objectives: Magnesium plays a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. This study aims to evaluate the effect of magnesium in regulating nutritional status and inflammatory responses in nutritional support.

Methods: A survey of 86 lung cancer patients was conducted.

Aberrant neural activation during inhibitory control in girls with fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic condition associated with risk for deficits in executive function, especially response inhibition. Under a clinical setting, this study employs a mobile neuroimaging technique, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to examine differences in inhibition-elicited neural activation between girls with FXS and a control group matched for age, cognitive function, and clinical symptoms. fNIRS data were collected from 42 girls with FXS and 31 controls during a go/nogo task, with valid data available from 35 and 30 respectively.

Epidemiology and drug resistance of Salmonella and Aeromonas in the faecal samples from pediatric patients with infectious diarrhea at a children's medical center in Suzhou, China from 2016 to 2023.

Background And Study Aims: Diarrheal diseases among children represent a prominent global health challenge, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in emerging economies. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and trends of bacterial pathogens causing diarrhea in children.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively conducted an analysis of outpatient and inpatient records at Children's Hospital of Soochow University, from 2016 to 2023.

Neural and computational mechanisms of loss aversion in smartphone addiction.

Smartphones have become integral to daily life, and their overuse can lead to various maladaptive behaviors and decision-making patterns. This study investigated the neural and computational mechanisms underlying smartphone addiction, focusing on its impact on loss-aversion decision-making. We combined computational models, such as the Drift Diffusion Model, with a novel analytic approach, intersubject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA).

A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma.

Chemotherapy is an important treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) and a key component of comprehensive GBM therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict the diffusion of drugs, which greatly reduces the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM. Single strategies, such as cell-based nanobots to cross the BBB or enzymatic nanobots propelled by enriched substrates in the TME for deep tumor penetration, remain inadequate to address multiple barriers and achieve precise targeting.

The impact of childhood trauma on short video addiction: psychological and morphological correlates.

This study explored the relationship between childhood trauma and short-video addiction (SVA) symptoms, alongside exploring the potential morphological substrate underlying this association. Among three independent datasets (Dataset 1: n = 980; Dataset 2: n = 1260; Dataset 3: n = 190), we found consistent positive correlations between childhood trauma and SVA symptoms, particularly in emotion abuse and physical neglect sub-dimensions. Additionally, we identified differential patterns in high- and low-risk addiction groups, with emotional neglect playing a critical role in the development of addiction, especially among low-risk individuals.

Cinobufagin regulates the microRNA-149-3p/AFF4 axis to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Although cinobufagin has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various malignant tumors, its functional role in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In light of this, the present study aims to thoroughly investigate the effects of cinobufagin on ovarian cancer progression and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby providing novel insights into future therapeutic strategies. A2780/DDP, a cisplatin-resistant cell line for ovarian cancer, was treated with gradient doses of cinobufagin.

Administration of chiglitazar reverses chronic stress-induced depressive-like symptoms in mice via activation of hippocampal PPARα and BDNF.

Background: Developing non-monoamine based novel antidepressants is now popular and necessary. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression, and several PPARα agonists including WY14643, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil, have all been reported to possess antidepressant-like efficacy in rodents. Chiglitazar is a novel pan agonist of PPARs, and this study aims to investigate whether this agonist has beneficial effects against depression.

Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of remimazolam and midazolam for general anesthesia in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Elderly patients are a vulnerable group with high perioperative risks. Thus, reducing the duration of anesthesia is important. Remimazolam is a benzodiazepine sedative commonly used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia given its rapid induction and rapid recovery.

Structure Confirmation of Quinazolinone and Hydroindole Using Residual Dipolar Couplings From Polyarylisocyanide Liquid Crystal.

Determining the constitution and configuration is a critical step in characterizing the structure of small molecules. In addition to the classical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method conducted in isotropic solutions, the emerging anisotropic NMR parameters such as residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) were also employed to clarify the structures of organic molecules. These RDCs not only confirmed that the unexpectedly synthesized product was a quinazolinone but also validated the relative configuration of the diastereoisomeric hydroindole in a polyarylisocyanide lyotropic liquid crystalline solution through the induction of anisotropy.

Regulation of pancreatic β cells by exosomes from different sources.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with rising global prevalence, particularly in developed and high-income regions. Central to its pathogenesis is the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, alongside impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in peripheral insulin-responsive tissues. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles essential for intercellular communication and have emerged as pivotal regulators of metabolic homeostasis.

The Impact of Bullying Victimization on Short Video Addiction in Adolescents: The Role of Emotional Distress and Neural Mechanisms.

Short-video addiction (SVA) has become a growing concern among adolescents. Bullying victimization (BV) is considered a significant factor contributing to it, yet its relationship with SVA remains underexplored. This study investigated the role of BV in SVA, examining developmental and psychological pathways across middle school students (MSS; n = 1269), college students (CS; n = 1615) and a replicated college sample (RCS; n = 112).

Continuous Wave-Diffuse Optical Tomography (CW-DOT) in Human Brain Mapping: A Review.

Continuous wave-diffuse optical tomography (CW-DOT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuroimaging technique for assessing brain function. Its ability to provide brain mapping with high spatial resolution over traditional functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has garnered significant interest in clinical and cognitive neuroscience. In this review, we critically summarized the hardware, reconstruction algorithms, and applications of CW-DOT for human brain mapping, providing an up-to-date overview and guidelines for future studies to conduct CW-DOT studies.

Diallyl Trisulfide From Garlic Regulates RAB18 Phase Separation to Inhibit Lipophagy and Induce Cuproptosis in Hepatic Stellate Cells for Antifibrotic Effects.

Liver fibrosis, a common pathological process, severely impacts human health, yet effective treatments are lacking. Cuproptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death induced by copper ions, triggers cytotoxic stress through lipoylated protein oligomerization and may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying cuproptosis in liver fibrosis are not well understood.

Co-localized optode-electrode design for multimodal functional near infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography.

Significance: Neuroscience of the everyday world requires continuous mobile brain imaging in real time and in ecologically valid environments, which aids in directly translating research for human benefit. Combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) studies have increased in demand, as the combined systems can provide great insights into cortical hemodynamics, neuronal activity, and neurovascular coupling. However, fNIRS-EEG studies remain limited in modularity and portability due to restrictions in combined cap designs, especially for high-density (HD) fNIRS measurements.

Cauliflower-like CuO-ZnO modified glassy carbon electrode as an electrochemical platform for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in adulterated milk.

The detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a crucial process in various industries, including food safety. In this study, a cauliflower-like CuO-ZnO composite with p-n junction was successfully synthesized using a straightforward one-pot hydrothermal method. The resulting material demonstrates outstanding electrocatalytic performance for H₂O₂ detection, outperforming the individual components.

Persimmon leaf extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia by modulating lipid genes expression and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-fed mice.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is characterized by abnormally elevated blood lipids. Persimmon leaf has multiple pharmacological activities and is valued for its lipid-lowering effect. However, few reports have revealed the hypolipidemic mechanism of persimmon leaf.