Composite catalysts for enabling fossil fuel emissions capture.

The urgent need to reduce fossil fuel emissions demands advanced control technologies beyond conventional catalysts. This review uniquely offers a comprehensive analysis of composite catalysts tailored to capture the full spectrum of fossil fuel pollutants, unlike prior studies that address individual emissions separately. It covers fundamental principles, reaction mechanisms, and recent material innovations, emphasizing multi-metallic, nanostructured, and hybrid catalyst designs.

Near-unity spontaneous emission factor InP surface-emitting lasers based on quasi-bound states in the continuum.

Surface-emitting lasers featuring optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers. However, structural damage caused by top-down fabrication processes remains as a major obstacle that limits device performance. Here, we overcome this bottleneck by demonstrating surface-emitting quasi-BIC lasers fabricated with a bottom-up, etching-free process.

Tailoring the Effects of Spin State and Intermediate Hydrogen Adsorption on NiPt/Ni Bridge Sites toward Robust Acidic Water Electrolysis.

Precise modulation of the electronic structure in transition metals, particularly the d-band center position and spin state, remains a critical challenge to expediting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics. Herein, we report a NiPt/Ni-heterostructured catalyst enabling simultaneous optimization of the d-band electronic structure and spin state of Ni through regulation of the NiPt and Ni bridge sites. Combining operando spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, density functional theory, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we establish that the coordination environment and spin states of Ni at the bridge sites were effectively modulated by altering the Pt content, achieving a transition of Ni centers from the low-spin to high-spin state, and optimized intermediate adsorption/desorption behaviors.

Pregnancy, placentas and smoke exposure: multiple understandings of pregnant embodiment during the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires.

The health implications of prolonged wildfire smoke exposure - such as that seen during the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires - are a major concern in public health, not only in Australia but in many fire-prone areas globally. One group identified as potentially more susceptible to smoke exposure than the general population are pregnant women. Based on a study of how pregnant women and parents with newborn babies experienced the bushfire smoke event in Canberra and the NSW southeast coast, the paper examines how the placenta was figured across two domains during this time.

Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems.

Theory predicts that high population density leads to more strongly connected spatial and social networks, but how local density drives individuals' positions within their networks is unclear. This gap reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes. Here we show that density drives greater network connectedness at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations.

Enhanced magnetic second-harmonic generation in an ultra-compact plasmonic nanocavity.

Observation of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) from subwavelength metallic structures is often hindered by the interrelations of higher-order multipolar contributions. In particular, the magnetic Lorentz contribution to SHG is often neglected due to the ineffective magnetic field enhancement in electrically resonant structures. Here, we demonstrate a strong Lorentz-driven SHG output at the plasmon-induced magnetic dipolar resonance in inversion-symmetry-broken plasmonic nanocavities.

HDL remodeling and enrichment with apoCIII and apoE in Indigenous Australians.

Background: Indigenous Australians have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and premature cardiovascular disease. Subpopulations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but HDL composition, size, or function have not been studied in Indigenous Australians.

Methods: The study consisted of 86 non-Indigenous participants, 43 of whom had T2DM, and 75 Indigenous participants, 36 of whom had T2DM.

Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping.

Improved low-frequency sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories would unlock study of intermediate-mass black hole mergers and binary black hole eccentricity and provide early warnings for multimessenger observations of binary neutron star mergers. Today's mirror stabilization control injects harmful noise, constituting a major obstacle to sensitivity improvements. We eliminated this noise through Deep Loop Shaping, a reinforcement learning method using frequency domain rewards.

Student Perceptions of Cognitive, Psychomotor and Affective Learning in the Undergraduate Laboratory.

Biochemistry and molecular biology is an experimental discipline and therefore training students in experimental techniques and data analysis is an essential component of undergraduate degrees. However, the amount of practical work may be limited by financial constraints and can vary considerably in the quality of the student experience. We were interested in how students perceived their overall practical experience, in contrast to evaluating a single experiment or project.

The Global Decarbonisation Potential of Synthetic Biology.

Synthetic biology-based technologies can impact many sectors and are often targeted at improved environmental outcomes. Here, we discuss synthetic biology applications that can lead to long-term decarbonisation and quantify the potential using a top-down approach. We find that promoting the restoration of agricultural land to natural ecosystems has the most potential.

: a transposon facilitating the movement of the virulence factor ToxA in fungal wheat pathogens.

There is increasing evidence that mobile genetic elements can drive the emergence of pathogenic fungal species by moving virulence genes horizontally. The 14 kbp transposon was shown to move the necrotrophic effector, horizontally between wheat pathogens, namely , , and . All three species utilize the ToxA protein to infect wheat.

Exploring the Costs of Hospital and Emergency Department Utilisation in the First Three Years After Diagnosis for Adults Diagnosed With Pancreatic Cancer in Queensland, Australia.

Objective: To quantify costs incurred by the health system for hospital episodes and emergency department (ED) presentations for pancreatic cancer patients within the first three years after diagnosis in Queensland, Australia.

Study Settings And Design: Using a linked administrative dataset, CancerCostMod, which includes cancer diagnoses from the Queensland Cancer Registry (1st July 2011-30th June 2015) and linked Queensland Health Admitted Patient Data Collection and ED Information Systems records (1st July 2011-30th June 2018), we assessed costs for adults diagnosed with primary pancreatic cancer (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: C25). Costs (in Australian dollars) were assigned using national public costs and private hospital charge datasets for the relevant year.

Correction to: A 3D Braincase of the Early Jawed Vertebrate from Australia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae444.].

Exact spectral function of one-dimensional Bose gases.

Exactly solved models provide rigorous understanding of many-body phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In this article, we report a breakthrough in uncovering universal many-body correlated properties of the quantum integrable Lieb-Liniger model. We exactly calculate the dynamical correlation functions by computing the form factors through a newly developed method, by which we are capable of calculating all possible 'relative excitations' over the ground state or a finite temperature state to high precision.

Replacing Doping in Nano-Silicon: Ultimate Miniaturization, Energy Efficiency, and Cryo-Functionality.

Hard entropy limits of impurity doping prevent further miniaturization of low nanoscale silicon-based very large scale integration (VLSI) devices, thereby obstructing the path toward more energy-efficient VLSI designs with higher yield in compute power. As demonstrated here by synchrotron UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in total fluorescence yield mode (XAS-TFY), intrinsic Si at the bottom of the nanoscale (i-nano-Si) turns into strong p- or n-Si by embedding in silicon nitride (SiN) or silicon dioxide (SiO), respectively. The associated Nanoscale Electronic Structure Shift Induced by Anions at Surfaces (NESSIAS) creates a p/n junction in i-nano-Si by the quantum-chemical impact of SiN- vs SiO-coating, providing energy landscapes to accumulate electrons (holes) when SiO- (SiN-) coated, with free charge carriers provided by metallic interconnects.

The Prevalence of Myopia in Finnish Conscripts Has not Increased in Recent Decades and Is Lower Than in Many East and Southeast Asian Countries.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among Finnish conscripts and to identify the factors associated with its occurrence in Finland.

Methods: A total of 1694 conscripts (mean age: 19.3 ± 1.

The Use of Etanercept in the Palliative Treatment of a Patient With Generalised Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption.

Generalised Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption (GBFDE) is a subtype of Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) characterised by the development of generalised blisters on the background of dusky macules. There is no gold standard treatment, but the condition is conventionally managed with supportive care, topical and oral steroids and occasionally ciclosporin. We describe the case of a 75-year-old female with GBFDE, who demonstrated a rapid halt in disease progression and re-epithelialisation following a single dose of etanercept.

Asthenospheric flow and lithospheric erosion driving the outward growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.

The northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau is extruding eastward at a rapid rate (∼15 mm a), but the role of the upper mantle in this process remains unclear. Early-Miocene primary melilitites from the leading edge of the extruding plateau provide critical insights into the upper mantle dynamics. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-Os isotopic data, supported by experimental melt comparisons, reveal that these melilitites originate from a hybrid source of CO-bearing mantle source, probably dominated by peridotite and pyroxenite/wehrlite lithologies.

Facilitators and barriers of lung cancer screening participation: umbrella and systematic review of the global evidence.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cancer worldwide, accounting for 2.5 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2022.

Objective physical activity in people with young onset dementia, late onset dementia, and without dementia: A UK Biobank study.

BackgroundCurrent physical activity literature does not distinguish between young (dementia diagnosed before 65) and late onset dementia despite differences between these groups such as age, being known to influence physical activity levels.ObjectiveThe primary aim was to compare objective physical activity levels between people with young onset dementia, late onset dementia, and age-matched control participants without dementia.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis included four groups (young onset dementia [n = 23]; young onset control [n = 782]; late onset dementia [n = 30]; late onset control [n = 918]) of participants aged 49 to 76 (56% male) from the UK Biobank.

Environmental factors have a greater influence on photosynthetic capacity in C plants than biochemical subtypes or growth forms.

Our understanding of how photosynthetic capacity varies among C species and across growth and measurement conditions remains limited. We collated 1696 CO response curves of net CO assimilation rate (A/C curves) from C species grown and measured at various environmental conditions and used these data to estimate the apparent maximum carboxylation activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (V) and CO-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A), two key parameters describing photosynthetic capacity. We examined how V and A vary with species-specific traits, growth and measurement conditions.