Assisted Infant Toilet Training and Bladder and Bowel Health: A Global Integrative Review.

Background: Toilet training practices vary across cultures and time. Assisted Infant Toilet Training (AITT) is commonly used in low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives: To synthesise the literature on AITT, including timing of initiation and completion, infant elimination signalling, and associations with bladder and bowel dysfunction.

What do the PHQ-9, the GAD-7 and their variants miss in assessing young people presenting to youth mental health services?

Brief self-report measures offer significant benefits in youth mental health services by providing quick, efficient, and accessible assessment of mental health status. In this study, we describe the psychometric features of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and their shorter variants in 1063 young people at their first appointment to headspace youth primary care mental health services. Specific aims were to: (i) document the internal consistency, dimensionality, and measurement invariance for sex and age (12-14, 15-17, 18-21, 22-25 years) for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7; (ii) compare the full and shorter variants of the measures; and (iii) determine construct validity by correlating variants with measures of psychological distress, rumination, functioning, and quality of life.

Crossing the Line: A Critical Systematic Review of Escalation Crossover Offending in Online Child Sexual Exploitation.

In this systematic review, we provide a summary of the current knowledge and understanding of escalation crossover offenders who transition from online to subsequent contact child sexual offenses. A systematic search of 14 databases was conducted to identify literature relevant to escalation crossover offenders. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria.

A qualitative study exploring influencers on metropolitan and regional physiotherapy practice in prostate cancer.

Physiotherapists play a crucial role in managing symptoms that can arise from treatments for prostate cancer. Despite the benefits, limited evidence exists on physiotherapists' self-perceived capabilities, enablers, and barriers in service provision. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of physiotherapists providing supportive care to patients with prostate cancer in metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia.

A shared frailty model for assessing time to seizure remission in adults with epilepsy.

Epilepsy remains a significant global health concern with increasing prevalence and incidence. This study aimed to model the time to first remission among epilepsy patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia, using parametric shared frailty models. A retrospective study was conducted on epilepsy patients treated between 1st January 2018 and 30th December 2023.

Objective physical activity in people with young onset dementia, late onset dementia, and without dementia: A UK Biobank study.

BackgroundCurrent physical activity literature does not distinguish between young (dementia diagnosed before 65) and late onset dementia despite differences between these groups such as age, being known to influence physical activity levels.ObjectiveThe primary aim was to compare objective physical activity levels between people with young onset dementia, late onset dementia, and age-matched control participants without dementia.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis included four groups (young onset dementia [n = 23]; young onset control [n = 782]; late onset dementia [n = 30]; late onset control [n = 918]) of participants aged 49 to 76 (56% male) from the UK Biobank.

Advancing Cognitive Load Detection in Simulated Driving Scenarios Through Deep Learning and fNIRS Data.

The shift from manual to conditionally automated driving, supported by Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADASs), introduces challenges, particularly increased crash risks due to human factors like cognitive overload. Driving simulators provide a safe and controlled setting to study these human factors under complex conditions. This study leverages Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to dynamically assess cognitive load in a realistic driving simulator during a challenging night-time-rain scenario.

Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Davidson Plum () Sorbet, a Potential for New Functional Food Product.

The Australian native foods, despite high phytochemical composition, are severely underutilized in research and on the commercial market. One of these plants is the Davidson plum (), a nutrient-dense and sustainable food ingredient. The study aimed to develop functional fruit sorbets incorporating freeze-dried Davidson plum powder (0-20% /) and evaluate their physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties.

Acute metabolite responses to swimming exercise of different intensities in highly trained male and female swimmers.

We investigated metabolite responses to different swimming intensities in 16 highly trained swimmers (9 males, 7 females, aged 16-24 years). After determining critical swimming speed (CS) with a 12 × 25 m maximal effort test, participants completed three swimming trials at moderate (below CS), heavy (at CS), and severe (above CS) intensities on separate days. Capillary blood samples (1 mL) were collected before and after each trial for metabolite profiling via mass spectrometry.

Evaluating regional and temporal variations in quality indicators for opioid initiation and pharmacist medication reviews in Ontario: A population-based repeated cross-sectional study.

Background: Quality indicators (QIs) are measures used to evaluate quality of services but are often underused in pharmacy practice. This study examines trends in 2 established QIs in community pharmacy.

Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study in Ontario using administrative data collected between 2013 and 2023.

Spatial scale influences relationships between indices of organisms' thermal tolerance.

Many thermal vulnerability indices potentially describe organismal responses to climate. However, the inter-relationships among indices and the effects of body size and spatial scale are mostly unknown. Existing literature on relationships between indices remains unclear, e.

The influence of gender norms on post-migration men's sexual and reproductive health: A scoping review.

Migration exposes people to unfamiliar gender roles and sexual views, influencing the ways they care for their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Migrant men's health is overlooked in care and research, prohibiting culturally responsive care that acknowledges these changing beliefs. Thus, we aimed to synthesise the available evidence on the ways pre-established gender norms impact a man's SRH in the setting of migration to a high-income country.

The Burden of Air Pollution (PM) in Subnational Australian Life Expectancy.

Australia is renowned for having some of the cleanest air globally, yet air pollution remains a persistent issue that significantly impacts life expectancy. This study quantifies the burden of annual ambient particulate matter (PM) in Australia's life expectancy: measuring life-years lost (LYL) from 2001-2019, considering geographical and demographic differences. Data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Australian Human Mortality Database, and the Centre for Safe Air.

Protocol for development of a checklist and guideline for transparent reporting of cluster analyses (TRoCA).

Introduction: Cluster analysis, a machine learning-based and data-driven technique for identifying groups in data, has demonstrated its potential in a wide range of contexts. However, critical appraisal and reproducibility are often limited by insufficient reporting, ultimately hampering the interpretation and trust of key stakeholders. The present paper describes the protocol that will guide the development of a reporting guideline and checklist for studies incorporating cluster analyses-Transparent Reporting of Cluster Analyses.

Validating adverse events in administrative healthcare data in ireland: a retrospective chart review study.

Background: Pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers and delirium are adverse events that affect older inpatients. Accurate administrative data are key to improving patient safety and healthcare quality. The aim of the study was to validate Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data on the occurrence of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers and delirium in older patients discharged from an acute hospital in Ireland through retrospective chart review.

Individual-level and community-level factors for 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in Ethiopia: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional, observational study.

Background: No study has quantified the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals without previous CVD in Ethiopia using the latest 2019 WHO CVD risk equation. Our study aimed to quantify the proportion of the Ethiopian population with at least a 10% risk of developing primary CVD in the following 10 years, and to identify variations in risk associated with individual-level and community-level factors.

Methods: This retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional, observational study used data on Ethiopians aged 40-69 years from across enumeration areas sampled in the WHO STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) national survey.

Gene traffic mediated by transposable elements shaped the dynamic evolution of ancient sex chromosomes of varanid lizard.

Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals, with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 million years ago a seeming exception. We previously discovered in an anguimorph lizard Varanus acanthurus (Vac) whose entire chrW, but not chrZ is homologous to part of the chr2 by cytogenetic mapping, suggesting its complex history of sex chromosome evolution yet to be elucidated. To address this, we assemble a chromosome-level genome, and provide evidence that the Vac sex chromosome pair has undergone at least two times of recombination loss, producing a pattern of evolutionary strata like that of birds and mammals.

Parents' Lived Experiences of Their Child's Undergoing Emergence Delirium During Anaesthesia Recovery: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study.

Aim: To explore parents' experience when their children underwent emergence delirium during anaesthesia recovery.

Design: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study.

Methods And Setting: This descriptive phenomenological study was conducted at a medical center in Taiwan.

Proof of concept studies in mental health systems research: strategy and steps.

Background: The implementation of interventions, digital tools, and policy plans in health systems research is highly complex. Proof-of-Concept (PoC) studies facilitate the development of these applications although they are rarely conducted or reported in mental health research. This paper describes the principles and processes to conduct PoC studies in mental health systems research.

A near telomere-to-telomere phased genome assembly and annotation for the Australian central bearded dragon Pogona vitticeps.

Background: The central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) is widely distributed in central eastern Australia and adapts readily to captivity. Among other attributes, it is distinctive because it undergoes sex reversal from ZZ genotypic males to phenotypic females at high incubation temperatures. Here, we report an annotated near telomere-to-telomere phased assembly of the genome of a female ZW central bearded dragon.

Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and key influencing factors in coastal households, Bangladesh.

This study assessed the accessibility and determinants of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in Bangladesh's climate-sensitive coastal region, which is highly vulnerable to sea-level rise, salinity intrusion and extreme weather events. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to July 2023, involving 471 households across nine subdistricts within three coastal zones using a three-stage cluster sampling technique. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the associated factors, considering WASH indicators (as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program) as outcomes and sociodemographic characteristics as exposure variables.

Adding noise can reduce response biases in addition to improving perceptual performance.

"Stochastic resonance" (SR) is a phenomenon whereby adding an "optimal" amount of noise can perceptual capabilities. Although this performance enhancement is important, in many tasks we also want to reduce biases, such as the tendency to respond "absent" to an infrequent stimulus. To address this, we designed a perceptual task where we presented six possible letters ("C,""B,""H," "O,""E," and "U") at threshold levels.