Novel Perineural Pathways and The Dynamics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macrophage Trafficking Out of the Central Nervous System.

A challenge to eradicate HIV is the CNS reservoir and unknown mechanisms-pathways by which infected macrophages can exit. We used intracisternal (i.c.

New genera, species, combinations, and synonyms of saprobic Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes from subtropical Texas, USA.

As a result of long-term field work in subtropical Texas, USA, three novel genera and three new species are introduced in Pezizomycotina to accommodate new or previously described taxa lacking DNA sequence data. In the Dothideomycetes, , gen. nov.

The Usefulness of a Wearable Electronic Vision Enhancement System for People With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Purpose: To determine the usefulness of a wearable electronic vision enhancement system (wEVES) for people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Thirty-four adults with AMD, 64.7% female, mean age 80.

The Use of Etanercept in the Palliative Treatment of a Patient With Generalised Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption.

Generalised Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption (GBFDE) is a subtype of Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) characterised by the development of generalised blisters on the background of dusky macules. There is no gold standard treatment, but the condition is conventionally managed with supportive care, topical and oral steroids and occasionally ciclosporin. We describe the case of a 75-year-old female with GBFDE, who demonstrated a rapid halt in disease progression and re-epithelialisation following a single dose of etanercept.

Association Between Dead Space to Tidal Volume Ratio and Duration of Respiratory Support After Extubation in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.

Children with cardiac disease liberated from mechanical ventilation often receive noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) postextubation via high-flow nasal cannula, CPAP, or noninvasive ventilation. Predicting the type and duration of postextubation NRS can be challenging due to a lack of objective tools to guide decision-making. The dead space to tidal volume ratio (V/V) is a potential tool to guide this decision.

Development of an electronic system for self/proxy symptom tracking alongside children with cancer and their caregivers: a co-design exemplar.

Purpose: Symptom tracking systems are essential for identifying symptoms in patients, prompting timely clinical intervention to reduce suffering and improve outcomes for children with cancer. Electronic patient-reported outcome tools have been designed to assess the presence and severity of symptoms and notify clinicians of the patient's condition, facilitating quick and effective symptom management. Utilizing co-design methods allows end user input in the tool development process.

Reoperation Rate Following Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Standalone Cage Versus Anterior Plating in a Large Matched Cohort.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To compare reoperation rates between single-level standalone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and ACDF with anterior plating.

Summary Of Background Data: ACDF is a widely performed procedure for cervical degenerative disc disease and may utilize standalone cages or cages with anterior plating.

Utility and Safety of Compressed Air in Preventing Grain Entrapment.

Highlights: Compressed air strategy was evaluated as a grain entrapment prevention method. Nozzle types affected compressed air efficiency. Open ½ inch nozzles performed best.

Learning Curve for Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Pediatric Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

Objectives: Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) has been integrated into routine clinical care in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). Despite its widespread utilization, empirical data on skill development are required to inform standards of care. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of POCUS for the detection of SSTIs, and to estimate a learning curve as providers gained experience.

The MOGBA randomized controlled trial: Evaluation of a complex movement skill intervention for 8-12 year old children in primary school Physical Education.

A global decline in levels of movement competence and physical activity in children presents the urgent need to look at how to reverse this trend. The Movement Oriented Games Based Assessment (MOGBA) is an intervention designed to improve children's complex movement skills, based on principles of motor development and assessment theories. There is a positive relationship between children's movement competence and physical activity (PA), with a further relationship established between PA and childhood obesity.

Standardizing Pediatric Facial Laceration Management to Advance Equity and Education.

The core competencies outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provide a framework for evaluating and fostering essential skills in medical education and residency training. The Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery and the Division of Emergency Medicine jointly developed and implemented guidelines for managing facial lacerations in the pediatric emergency department (PED). This initiative aimed to enhance trainee learning experiences, streamline triage, facilitate interdepartmental collaboration, and improve healthcare equity.

Chronic Pain in a Modern Virally Suppressed HIV Cohort: Associations with Comorbidities Depression and Disability.

Chronic pain (CP) is common among people with HIV (PWH), yet its prevalence and associated factors in those receiving modern, virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not well understood. This prospective observational study compared CP frequency and associated outcomes between PWH and people without HIV (PWoH). Participants (40 PWH, 23 PWoH) completed a questionnaire assessing daily pain lasting more than three months.

Esmarch Exsanguination in Acute Hand Infections: Evaluating Risk of Infection Spread.

This study aimed to evaluate the infection-related complication rates associated with the use of Esmarch exsanguination compared with gravitational exsanguination in patients undergoing surgery for acute hand and forearm infections. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2024 at a level 1 trauma center. Adult patients with acute hand or forearm infections who underwent irrigation and debridement (I&D) within 21 days of symptom onset were included.

Resolving Inflammation: The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Macrophage Traffic In and Out of the CNS.

The effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and therapy interruption on myeloid cell traffic out of the central nervous system (CNS) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection are understudied. Using intracisternal (i.c.

Protocols and Pathways in Pediatric Critical Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pediatric critical asthma is one of the most frequent reasons for presentation to the emergency department and admission to the floor or pediatric ICU (PICU) in pediatric patients. Clinical pathways and protocols have been used frequently in respiratory care, and many have been associated with an improvement in outcomes. We performed a systematic review on the use of protocols or pathways in the treatment of critical asthma.

Intravenous Bronchodilators in Pediatric Critical Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Pediatric critical asthma is one of the most common pediatric illnesses in children admitted to the pediatric ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Adjunct intravenous (IV) bronchodilators are often used when initial management with systemic corticosteroids and inhaled short-acting beta agonists (SABA) fail to provide improvement in a patient's clinical condition. While the recent guidelines gave recommendations for the use of different IV bronchodilators compared to placebo, it did not include ranking on which one should be used as first-line or second-line agent.

Association Between 25% Albumin and Fluid Balance in Mechanically Ventilated Children.

Albumin is often used to augment diuresis in fluid overloaded patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between albumin administration and fluid balance and respiratory outcomes in mechanically ventilated children. This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients 1 month to <18 years old admitted to the pediatric or cardiac ICU between July 1, 2013, and July 1, 2019 who received 25% albumin while mechanically ventilated.

Gunshot Injuries to the Elbow.

In this article, we give a thorough summary of the management of low-velocity ballistic injuries to the elbow. We discuss initial stabilization, antibiotic coverage, management of concomitant nerve injuries, fracture fixation, soft tissue coverage, and complications commonly seen with these injuries. This review aims to equip the upper extremity surgeon with a systematic approach to ballistic elbow trauma and aid in the decision-making process for these difficult injuries.

Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Upper Extremity After Ballistic Injury.

Ballistic injuries from projectiles such as bullets and shrapnel pose significant public health challenges, particularly in the upper extremities, leading to complex reconstructive needs. This article provides an overview of soft tissue reconstruction of ballistic injuries to the upper extremity. Management involves initial stabilization, staged debridement, and subsequent reconstruction depending on the defect which can range from simple debridement and local flaps for low energy projectiles and more extensive procedures for high energy projectiles, including negative pressure wound therapy, locoregional flaps, and possibly free flaps.

Advances in Viroporin Function and Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Alphavirus 6K with Well-Characterized Viroporins.

Viruses encode ion channel proteins called viroporins to assist in infection and immune evasion. The alphavirus 6K protein is classified as a member of the viroporin family of proteins. Several studies have characterized the role of 6K in alphavirus budding and infection since its discovery in the late 1970s.

Sleep hygiene linked to patient-reported outcomes & objective sleep measures prior to upper extremity orthopaedic surgery.

Background: Sleep hygiene is a modifiable factor that influences sleep quality, which is vital to the body's healing process and pain response. However, poor sleep hygiene, characterized by irregular sleep schedules, inappropriate sleep environments, or the use of stimulants before bedtime, can exacerbate sleep disturbances and impairment, thus diminishing sleep quality, exacerbating pain hypersensitivity, and protracting postoperative recovery. Despite being modifiable, sleep hygiene is rarely assessed preoperatively and may be a driver of the relationship between poor sleep quality and pain response in surgical patient populations.

An old spice with new tricks: Curcumin targets adenoma and colorectal cancer stem-like cells associated with poor survival outcomes.

The cost of cancer care globally is unsustainable and strategies to reduce the mounting burden of cancer are urgently needed. One approach is the use of preventive therapies to reduce cancer risk; dietary-derived compounds with good safety profiles represent a promising source of potential candidates but translating encouraging preclinical data to successful trials presents significant challenges. Development of curcumin, from the spice turmeric, as a preventive therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is hindered by poor understanding of its mechanism of action.