Plasticized electrohydraulic robot autopilots in the deep sea.

Soft robots, with their compliant bodies, minimal environmental disturbance, and ability to withstand ambient pressures, offer promising solutions for deep-sea exploration. However, a common challenge of stiffening in soft materials impairs their effective actuation in harsh conditions. In this work, we integrated a liquid dielectric plasticizer within an electrohydraulic soft robot, serving dual critical functions as a softening agent to maintain the softness of the polymer shell and an electrohydraulic fluid for efficient actuation.

Interface-Engineered Construction of Amorphous FeNi(OH) and Crystalline NiS Heterojunction Catalysts for Achieving Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts in Overall Water Splitting.

The advancement of inexpensive and productive bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is essential for achieving hydrogen energy production. Herein, a hierarchical heterostructure catalyst composed of amorphous FeNi(OH) nanosheets supported on a crystalline NiS scaffold, which is anchored to nickel foam through a combined hydrothermal-electrodeposition strategy, is reported. The crystalline NiS framework exhibits metal-like electrical conductivity and optimized hydrogen adsorption kinetics, while the amorphous FeNi(OH) overlayer offers abundant adaptive active sites that enhance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.

Orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Sm:YAP orange laser with the balanced output power.

A diode-pumped continuous-wave (CW) orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength (OPDW) Sm: YAlO (Sm: YAP) orange laser with the balanced output power (i.e. equal power for both wavelengths) on G→ H transition was studied for the first time.

Iron-cobalt dual atomic sites in N, P-codoped carbon nanobelts as a multifunctional catalyst for Zn-air/iodide hybrid batteries.

The exploration of high-performance and multifunctional catalysts is a key issue in Zinc-air/iodide hybrid battery (ZAIHB). In this study, iron‑cobalt dual atomic sites (DAS) embedded in a biomass-derived (N, P) heteroatom-codoped carbon nanobelt (NPCB) framework were designed as a multifunctional catalyst for ZAIHB. Theoretical analysis reveals that the structure matching on both dual-atomic-centers and local electronic engineering contribute to the promoted catalytic activities for oxygen and iodide redox reactions.

Reconstruction of Electric Double Layer via Cationic Electrostatic Shielding and Anionic Preferential Adsorption Toward the Sustainable Zinc Metal Batteries.

Zinc metal is considered one of the most promising anodes for zinc-based batteries in energy storage systems. Nonetheless, zinc anodes are associated with some irreversible issues, Zn, which significantly restrict the endurance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). This study adds a multifunctional electrolyte additive Ce(NO) to a 3 m ZnSO₄ electrolyte to addressed these challenges.

A methodological study on measuring the activity of Ac-225 in targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals using CdZnTe.

Ac-225 is a promising radionuclide for clinical α-particle targeted cancer therapy. Accurate measurement of its activity is prerequisite for clinical applications. To explore viable methods for Ac-225 activity measurement in clinical settings, this study used a CdZnTe detector to measure the γ-ray spectra of Th-229 solutions, investigated factors influencing measurement results, and developed efficiency calibration methods.

An interference suppression method in underwater acoustics based on Riemannian geometry.

Array signal processing such as direction of arrival estimation and target localization is significantly impacted by strong interference. In this work, we propose a wideband interference suppression method based on the Riemannian geometry of the manifold of Hermitian positive definite matrices, specifically designed for use in passive sonar systems. We demonstrate that incorporating the Riemannian mean of the sample covariance matrix into conventional beamforming techniques results in a spatial spectrum that effectively rejects interference directions.

A method for ECG denoising based on generative adversarial networks.

Objectives: To tackle the challenge of noise in grayscale electrocardiograms (ECGs) transcribed from paper records, this study proposes a Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)-based framework that includes both a denoising dataset construction method and an end-to-end denoising model for accurate waveform recovery.

Methods: We propose a GANs-based ECG waveform denoising approach, referred to Generative Adversarial Network Electrocardiogram Denoising. This method simultaneously trains a generator and a discriminator, enabling the generator to extract clean ECG waveforms in an end-to-end manner.

Liquid Crystal Microcavity Biosensors for Real-Time Liver Injury Monitoring via Whispering Gallery Mode Laser.

Real-time monitoring of liver injury is essential for preserving physiological health. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) detection is widely regarded as a fundamental approach for the early diagnosis of liver injury. However, existing detection methods often suffer from complex operation, high costs, and limited sensitivity.

Janus effect of FeCo dual atom catalyst with Co as active center in acidic oxygen reduction reaction.

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) represent a frontier in heterogeneous electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, the dynamic evolution of active-site structure complicates mechanistic understanding. Herein, alloyed Fe-Co DACs with strong Fe-Co bonds are synthesized via molecular chelation and ionic coupling strategies.

Variable frequency-based multi-frame coherent track-before-detect method for weak tones in passive sonar.

Passive detection for weak tones remains a challenging topic. Tonal frequency trajectory can be extracted by combining the pre-processing based on the multi-frame coherent integration with track-before-detect (TBD) method. However, complex target maneuvers can lead to intricate variations in tonal frequency, limiting the coherent processing gain.

Decoupling the Exciton-Carrier Interaction for Highly Efficient Pure Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Exceeding 20.

Pure blue emission (wavelength ≤ 470 nm) is essential for perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) in the application of future displays. However, the performance of the pure blue PeLEDs is far away from the application requirement and theoretical values. The charging of excitons plays a crucial role in the non-radiative decay of the high-energy blue perovskite emitters under electric fields.

Voices From the Void: Self-Related Speech Acts in Auto-Epitaphs of Song Dynasty in Ancient China.

This study explores how self-related speech acts are employed in auto-epitaphs composed by tomb owners from ancient China through a grounded analysis of 18 surviving texts from the Song Dynasty. The findings identify four types of self-related speech acts, namely, self-statement, self-defence, self-praise, and self-denigration. In addition, this study further details the dynamics of auto-epitaphs in ancient China through the Motivation Model of Pragmatics (Chen, 2022).

Defect-rich phosphorus-doped 3D carbon cathodes with graphitic domains for high-performance zinc-ion storage devices.

Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) have garnered significant attention as safe and cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional carbon cathodes suffer from limited Zn adsorption capacity and sluggish charge transport, severely restricting their energy and power performance. Herein, we propose a scalable and cost-effective strategy to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) porous phosphorus-doped carbon (TPMC) with tunable graphitic domains, hierarchical porosity, and abundant active sites.

A conjugated pyridine diimine fluorene-based polymer for the detection of furaltadone.

The potential risks posed by antibiotics to human health and the ecological environment have long been a major public concern. Consequently, developing probe technologies capable of efficiently detecting trace levels of antibiotics in environments has emerged as a critical research priority. In this study, a conjugated fluorene-based pyridine diimine polymeric probe (FPD) was employed as a fluorescent probe for the specific recognition and detection of furaltadone.

Hard-Soft-Acid-Base Management Enabled Bright and Stable Pure-Blue Perovskite Quantum Dot LEDs.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have achieved external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) exceeding 20% at a practical luminance (>1000 cd m) for real-world applications in the green and red regions. However, the pure-blue perovskite QD LEDs still suffer from low efficiency at high luminance: the EQE of the reported best device at 600 cd m is below 7.0%.

Lattice Boltzmann method featuring nonmaterial enthalpy for solid-liquid phase change in noncondensable gas.

This paper presents a lattice Boltzmann (LB) method based on nonmaterial enthalpy (NME) to simulate the solidification process of the liquid phase in the presence of noncondensable gas. The method employs a nonmaterial enthalpy distribution function format, which fundamentally avoids the issue of cross-distribution of thermal physical property parameters between different components that we previously addressed in our work [Dai et al., Phys.

Harnessing the power of S/N-doped NiO nanoparticles through bandgap tuning to achieve enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial performances.

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising photocatalyst owing to its stability, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. However, its wide band gap and rapid electron-hole recombination limit its effectiveness under visible light. In this study, we introduce a novel approach by co-doping NiO nanoparticles with sulfur and nitrogen (S/N-NiO-NPs) to overcome these limitations.

Selective Interfacial Assembled Asymmetric Porous Nanomotors as Maneuverable Labels for Boosting Capture and Ultrasensitive Detection.

Rational integration of autonomous motion and multifunctional labels into immunosensors represents a highly effective strategy for markedly enhancing the antigen capture efficiency and improving the detection sensitivity. Here, smart asymmetric porous nanomotors (FPSP) are designed and fabricated through a selective interfacial assembly strategy, demonstrating magnetic, photothermal, porous, and catalytic activity. Upon near-infrared irradiation, the mesoporous dopamine shell on the FPSP establishes a localized thermal gradient that propels the nanomotor through thermophoretic forces.

Free-Space Orbital Angular Momentum Comb Generation via Second-Harmonic Generation.

At the end of the last century, Allen et al. showed that light has angular orbital momentum in addition to spin. This discovery contributed to the active development of free-space optical communication.

Optimizing the Electronic Structure of Iron Oxides via Nonmetallic Dopants for Enhanced Peroxidase Mimetic Catalysis.

Efficiently enhancing the activity and selectivity of targeted nanozymes is a challenging task, primarily due to the inherent structural stability and heterogeneous atomic composition of traditional nanozymes. Herein, theoretical design is carried out to select Fe-based oxides (FO) nanozymes with high peroxidase (POD)-like activity by incorporating different nonmetallic atoms (N, P, S, and B). Among these dopants, B emerged as a superior candidate because it could effectively tune the adsorption energies of *OH intermediates and *HO, thereby endowing the nanozymes with superior POD-like performance.

Molecular-Level Design of Polymeric Semiconductor Nanomotors with Multichannel Sensitive 3D Motion for Microorganism Inactivation.

The advancement of high-performance photocatalysts is crucial for the iteration of light-driven micro/nanomotors. However, most existing light-driven micro/nanomotors, which are typically fabricated from inorganic semiconductors, suffer from limited visible-light absorption and inadequate control over 3D motion. Polymeric semiconductors, as emerging photocatalytic materials, feature narrow bandgaps, tunable band structures, and the potential for rational molecular design to optimize activity.

MXene-Based Flexible Paper Chip for Glucose Detection in Sweat in Low-Temperature Environments.

In enzymatic reaction glucose detection chips, the enzyme can easily dislodge from the electrode, which harms both the chip and test stability. Additionally, enzyme activity significantly decreases at low temperatures. Consequently, immobilizing the enzyme at the appropriate substrate and ambient temperature is a critical step for improving the chip.

Characteristics of a Miniature Fiber-Optic Inorganic Scintillator Detector for Electron-Beam Therapy Dosimetry.

Over the past few decades, electron beams have been widely used to treat malignant and benign tumors located in the superficial regions of patients. This study utilized an inorganic scintillator (GdOS:Tb)-based radiation detector to test its response characteristics in an electron-beam radiotherapy environment, in order to determine the application potential of this detector in electron-beam therapy. Owing to the extremely high time resolution of this inorganic scintillator detector (ISD), it is even capable of measuring the pulse information of electron beams generated by the accelerator.

Understanding the Nanoindentation Edge Effect of Single-Crystal Silicon Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The edge effect refers to what occurs when an object undergoes elastic contact with the edge of a material. This is common in practical applications, but the understanding of this phenomenon is not yet mature enough, and understanding the microscopic characteristics of the material regarding this phenomenon is necessary. This article investigates the edge effects of single-crystal silicon at different indentation positions through molecular dynamics simulations.