Understanding the Nanoindentation Edge Effect of Single-Crystal Silicon Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The edge effect refers to what occurs when an object undergoes elastic contact with the edge of a material. This is common in practical applications, but the understanding of this phenomenon is not yet mature enough, and understanding the microscopic characteristics of the material regarding this phenomenon is necessary. This article investigates the edge effects of single-crystal silicon at different indentation positions through molecular dynamics simulations.

Evaluation of Chinese Yam Polysaccharide-Aluminum Hydroxide Nanoparticle Combination Adjuvant for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccine and Underlying Mechanisms.

Conventional alum adjuvants primarily induce a Th2 humoral immune response yet fail to provoke a Th1 cellular immune response. In our preceding study, we constructed a novel and biosafe nanoparticle-based adjuvant system, in which the Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP), as the immunopotentiator, was loaded onto aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles (CYP-AlNPs). Herein, we further investigated the adjuvant activity of the CYP-AlNPs against the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine.

A Novel Germline Mutation (p.W156∗) in High-Grade Astrocytoma, Mutant.

Germline mutations in the DNA repair gene () are established predisposing factors for colorectal polyposis, colorectal carcinoma, and various extracolonic malignancies. Nevertheless, the association between mutations and central nervous system (CNS) tumorigenesis remains poorly characterized. In this study, we reported the first identification of a novel c.

Investigation into the Influence of Polishing Depth and Speed on the Nano-Polishing Process of Nickel-Phosphorus Alloys via Molecular Dynamics.

Nickel-phosphorus (NiP) alloys have been widely used in many engineering fields such as aerospace, automotive, and optics; however, it is difficult to study the material removal mechanism and microscopic size changes in the polishing process of nickel-phosphorus alloys through simple experiments. In light of these difficulties, there is a need to improve our understanding of the surface friction and wear mechanisms of NiP materials. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations are employed for the first time to investigate the material removal mechanism, mechanical response, phase transformation, and stress distribution of two NiP alloys with different phosphorus contents during the nano-polishing process by adjusting the polishing depth and speed.

BIRC2 blockade facilitates immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The effectiveness of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited, however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) as a key regulator involved in immune evasion of HCC.

Methods: Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening was conducted to identify tumor-intrinsic genes pivotal for immune escape.

Innovative diagnostic framework for shoulder instability: a narrative review on machine learning-enhanced scapular dyskinesis assessment in sports injuries.

A common shoulder problem that significantly detracts from patients' quality of life is shoulder instability (SI). Abnormal scapular positioning and movement are closely associated with rotator cuff injuries and SI, as shown by several studies. The aetiology of scapular dyskinesia (SD) adversely affects shoulder stability and function, including postural abnormalities, musculoskeletal problems, and neurological conditions.

Expression and purification of recombinant glutaredoxin 1 and protection against oxidative stress injury during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a small molecular protein widely found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, serving various biological functions, including participation in redox reactions and exerting anti-apoptotic effects[1]. To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant Grx1 against oxidative stress, we constructed the pET-30a (+)/Grx1 recombinant plasmid and performed soluble expression and purification of the recombinant Grx1. In vitro experiments, including ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays, showed that recombinant Grx1 has significant antioxidant activity.

Discovery of novel imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives as potent covalent inhibitors of CDK12/13.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is widely recognized as the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and treatment options for patients with TNBC remain highly limited. Recently, cyclin-dependent kinases 12/13 (CDK12/13) have been identified as promising therapeutic targets for TNBC. In our study, we report the design and synthesis of novel imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazine-based covalent inhibitors of CDK12/13, which exhibit potent inhibitory activity against TNBC cells.

IgG4-mediated M2 macrophage polarization in tertiary lymphoid structures of esophageal cancer: implications for immunosuppression.

Background: Our previous research highlighted the potential role of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in mediating immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the TME have important immune-related functions. This study aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of IgG4-expressing cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and M2-type macrophages as well as to elucidate the relationship between IgG4 and the polarization of M2 macrophages within TLS in esophageal cancer.

Elevated SAMD3 expression in T cells predicts improved survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.

Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment that contributes to resistance to immunotherapy. This study aimed to demonstrate that elevated sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 3 (SAMD3) expression in effector CD8 T cells was associated with improved survival in PDAC patients.

Design: We investigated the heterogeneity and gene expression profiles of T cells using a single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-seq) dataset comprised of human PDAC samples.

Molecular and cellular morphology of placenta unveils new mechanisms of reproductive immunology.

Introduction: Despite of numerous studies of the placenta, some molecular and cellular characteristics, particularly the relationship among different cell types, have not been well understood. We aim to investigate the basic and intricate details of cellular and molecular elements in early and late phase placentas to gain better understanding of the immune regulation of human reproductive process.

Methods: A novel combination of techniques of spatial transcriptomics(ST), multiple immunohistochemistry, and a dual labeling combining immunohistochemistry and (fluorescence in situ hybridization) FISH on normal and ectopic pregnancy and animal models was employed to investigate the placenta at tissue, cell, protein and molecular levels and to trace the fetal and maternal origin of every cell in early and late placentas.

Spinal Cord Astroblastoma With EWSR1-BEND2 Fusion in Female Patients : A Report of Four Cases From China and a Comprehensive Literature Review.

Astroblastoma is an extremely rare central nervous system tumor characterized by astroblastic pseudorosettes and vascular hyalinization. Despite these histologic hallmarks, its morphology can vary, occasionally resembling other central nervous system tumors such as ependymoma. A novel tumor entity, astroblastoma, meningioma 1 ( MN1 )-altered, has been identified, featuring MN1 gene rearrangements typically involving BEN-domain containing 2 ( BEND2 ) as a fusion partner.

Analysis of Alterations in Intestinal Flora in Chinese Elderly with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Association with Trimethylamine.

To investigate the changes in the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its correlation with the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), the intestinal flora composition of elderly individuals with CVD and healthy elderly individuals was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, the TMA levels in the feces of elderly were detected using headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC), and four kinds of characterized TMA-producing intestinal bacteria in the elderly were quantified using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that , , , , and are the dominant microorganisms of the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly. And there were significant differences in the intestinal bacteria composition between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD, accompanied by a notable difference in the TMA content.

The neoantigens derived from transposable elements - A hidden treasure for cancer immunotherapy.

Neoantigen-based therapy is a promising approach that selectively activates the immune system of the host to recognize and eradicate cancer cells. Preliminary clinical trials have validated the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of personalized neoantigen-directed vaccines, enhancing their effectiveness and broad applicability in immunotherapy. While many ongoing oncological trials concentrate on neoantigens derived from mutations, these targets do not consistently provoke an immune response in all patients harboring the mutations.

Comparative analysis of the gut bacteria and fungi in migratory demoiselle cranes () and common cranes () in the Yellow River Wetland, China.

Introduction: Gut microbiota are closely related to the nutrition, immunity, and metabolism of the host and play important roles in maintaining the normal physiological activities of animals. Cranes are important protected avian species in China, and they are sensitive to changes in the ecological environment and are thus good environmental indicators. There have been no reports examining gut fungi or the correlation between bacteria and fungi in wild Demoiselle cranes () and Common cranes ().

Single cell and bulk RNA sequencing identifies tumor microenvironment subtypes and chemoresistance-related IGF1 cancer-associated fibroblast in gastric cancer.

Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences prognosis and drug resistance in various tumors, yet its heterogeneity and the mechanisms affecting therapeutic response remain unclear in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: The heterogenous TME were explored with single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of 50 primary GC samples. We then identified four GC TME subtypes with nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and constructed a pearson nearest-centroid classifier based on subtype-specific upregulated genes.

Global trends and hotspots in Cyclin-dependent Kinase Subunit 2 research from 1999 to 2022: A bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Background: Cyclin-dependent Kinase Subunit 2 is a protein closely related to the regulation of the cell cycle. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of research articles on this topic. However, there is a lack of comprehensive synthesis and evaluation in the field of CKS2 research.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Non-isotropic Cervical Spondylosis by Neck Pain Granules Combined with Tuina.

Background: Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is a common form of cervical spondylosis caused by degeneration of the cervical spine. Currently, non-surgical treatment is the preferred treatment method, and Chinese medicine is widely used.

Objective: To investigate the effect of radiculopathy spondylosis by tuina spinning and lifting technique.

A bibliometric analysis of intra-articular injection therapy for knee osteoarthritis from 2012 to 2022.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common joint disease worldwide and, with the progression of an aging population, is one of the most important causes of disability worldwide. Its main symptoms include articular cartilage damage, periarticular pain, swelling, and stiffness. Intra-articular (IA) injections offer many advantages over systemic administration and surgical treatment, including direct action on the target joint to improve local bioavailability, reduce systemic toxicity, and lower costs.

Adsorption of CH, CO, and HS on a MoTe Monolayer Doped with Metal Atoms (Au and Ru): An Study.

Detecting toxic gases, such as CH, CO, and HS, in everyday life holds great significance. This research article focuses on investigating the adsorption characteristics of CH, CO, and HS on MoTe and MoTe doped with Au and Ru using the density functional theory. The study examines various aspects, including adsorption energy, charge transfer, density of states, and charge density difference of the adsorption configuration.

Design and implementation of high sampling rate and multichannel wireless recorder for EEG monitoring and SSVEP response detection.

Introduction: The collection and process of human brain activity signals play an essential role in developing brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. A portable electroencephalogram (EEG) device has become an important tool for monitoring brain activity and diagnosing mental diseases. However, the miniaturization, portability, and scalability of EEG recorder are the current bottleneck in the research and application of BCI.