Crystal Facet-Engineered Anion Regulation Enables Fast-Charging Stability in Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) offer exceptional energy density and output voltage. However, their practical application remains hindered by sluggish ion transport and uncontrolled lithium dendrite formation, particularly under fast-charging conditions. Here, we report a facet-engineered anion-regulating separator based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with preferentially crystal-exposed (110) facets.

Copper-catalyzed 1,4-alkylcyanation of CF-containing 1,3-enynes: alkoxy radical-mediated selective cleavage of fused azabicycles.

A copper-catalyzed 1,4-alkylcyanation of CF-containing 1,3-enynes with bicyclic hydroperoxides and TMSCN is described. In this cascade, the alkyl source originates from selective cleavage of a C-C bond in the fused bicyclic skeletons, enabling the successful introduction of a succinimide fragment into tetrasubstituted allenes. This reaction is characterized by mild conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and ease of large-scale synthesis and product derivatization.

High-efficiency non-doped near-ultraviolet OLEDs achieved by regulating excited-state spatial distribution through molecular optimization to realize hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) characteristics.

The development of high-performance near-ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (NUV-OLEDs) remains challenging due to their intrinsic wide-bandgap characteristics. Therefore, this study fully exploits the weak electron-accepting characteristics of the PPI group, combined with its high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and excellent thermal stability. Through a precise molecular structure modulation strategy involving direct introduction of electron-donating diphenylamine groups into the side phenyl ring and systematic integration of donor/acceptor units with tailored electronic properties into the main backbone, effective control of excited-state characteristics and their spatial distribution was successfully achieved.

Solar-Driven Redox Reactions with Metal Halide Perovskites Heterogeneous Structures.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability, severe charge-carrier recombination, and limited active sites. Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption, passivate surface for enhanced stability, and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs. However, little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.

Polyurethane Elastomers with Mechanochromic and Self-Healing Functions for Strain Sensor.

Polyurethane is formed by the reaction of a polyol and an isocyanate by covalent bonds, which have been rapidly developing due to their good processability and mechanical properties. However, polyurethane is subject to micro-damage due to external stresses during service, which can lead to rapid performance failure. Currently, the nondestructive assessment methods generally require complex and expensive equipment.

Visible-Light-Driven Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Cyclization via a TEMPO-Intercepted Cascade: Regioselective and Access to Cyclopentene Skeletons.

A visible-light-driven regioselective intramolecular cyclization and oxidation cascade of γ-alkynyl β-sulfonylester is developed. This metal-free approach efficiently affords synthetically useful cyclopentene and cyclohexene skeletons under mild conditions, with TEMPO acting as a dual electron and oxygen atom donor. Mechanism investigations support a radical cyclization/TEMPO-trapping cascade.

Fibrin-targeted ROS-scavenging micelles with photothermal and NO delivery for thrombolysis and post-thrombotic vascular remodeling.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major contributor to global mortality, are often precipitated by thrombosis. Conventional antithrombotic therapies based on thrombolytic medicine often yield suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and are often accompanied with the risk of tissue bleeding. Despite of advances in nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery with improved hemostatic safety and thrombolytic efficiency, the integration of thrombus targeting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, thrombolysis, and post-treatment vascular repair to achieve comprehensive thrombus eradication while preventing recurrence remains a challenge.

Cerium dioxide restricted the growth of palladium nanoclusters for constructing Pd-O-Ce bridge bonds: Efficient oxygen reduction and formic acid oxidation reactions.

In direct formic acid fuel cells, the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) takes place at the anode, and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs at the cathode. Whereas the cathode of zinc-air batteries (ZABs) also involves the ORR, these three electrochemical reactions collectively constitute the core processes of related energy devices. The study of the catalytic performance of palladium (Pd)-based catalysts has become a research focus.

The fabrication of MEMS alkali metal vapor cells based on ultrafast laser welding for single beam magnetometer.

The development of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) alkali metal vapor cells offers the potential for the batch fabrication of micro-quantum sensors for atomic clocks, atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes. The sealing of MEMS vapor cells is traditionally achieved by anodic bonding. However, high-temperature and high direct-voltage conditions during anodic bonding adversely affect the performance of the vapor cell.

Enhancing Li Kinetics Via Selective Repulsion-Adsorption and Intermolecular Ion-Conduction Layers for High-Energy-Density Anode-Free Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Anode-free lithium-metal batteries, offer high energy density, but suffer from limited lifespan due to sluggish Li desolvation at the anode. Conventional artificial layers on the anode attract Li by polar groups, yet inadvertently accumulate solvent molecules near these polar layers, impede desolvation, and form an organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with low ionic conductivity. Herein, a selective repulsion-adsorption strategy is proposed, achieved using a layer (MS layer, 35 nm) comprising polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) and montmorillonite (MMT).

Photoinduced Diastereoselective Hydrophosphination of Cyclopropenes with Diarylphosphine Oxides via EDA Complex.

This work presents a novel photoinduced diastereoselective hydrophosphination of cyclopropenes using diarylphosphine oxides as both electron donors and phosphorus radical precursors. An electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, formed between the cyclopropene and diarylphosphine oxide, generates a phosphorus radical cation and a cyclopropyl radical anion under purple-light irradiation via a single electron transfer process, enabling the subsequent hydrophosphination reaction. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations confirm the formation of the EDA complex and explain the high diastereoselectivity of this hydrophosphination reaction.

Zeolite synthesis from coal gangue: a response surface methodology approach for optimal conditions.

The formation process of zeolites is influenced by multiple factors, and the traditional single-variable approach lacks sufficient explanatory power in elucidating the principles governing crystal synthesis. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to optimize the synthesis conditions for zeolites derived from secondary coal gangue utilization. Based on the four-factor modeling approach, a six-stage experimental design was established to investigate the effects of both individual factors and multi-factor interactions on the response value.

PolyMOF Radiosensitizers as Nanocarriers with X-Ray-Triggered Dual-Gas Release for Enhanced Radiotherapy.

The therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) is significantly constrained by insufficient intratumoral reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the inherent tumor radioresistance. To overcome these limitations, we develop a novel nanoplatform based on polymeric metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) that uniquely integrates potent radiosensitization with X-ray-triggered, spatiotemporally synchronized release of two therapeutic gases, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (HS). This platform, termed as SHF@PMOF, is fabricated by using hafnium (Hf)-oxo clusters, porphyrin linkers (TCPP), and 1, 4-bezenedicarboxylic acid-bearing block copolymers to form highly porous structures capable of encapsulating the dual-gas donor thio-3-hydroxyflavone (SHF).

Coupled nitrate-to-ammonia reduction and persulfate production for ciprofloxacin removal via CuO/Cu nanorod and BDD electrodes.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (NORR) processes that use actual aqueous nitrate pollution as a feedstock for ammonia production have two chief challenges for realization: (i), conversions are limited to neutral conditions and (ii) electrocatalysts are unable to drive nitride protonation while inhibiting hydrogen evolution. Herein, a facile electrodeposition method was applied to prepare CuO/Cu nanorods on copper support, which exhibited an ammonia production rate of 454.1 μmol h cm and Faraday efficiency of 96.

Non-Metal Silicon Single-Atom Catalysts with Unsymmetrically Tetradentate ON Moiety Enabling Ampere-Level HO Electrosynthesis.

The development of efficient and stable catalysts for scalable and sustainable hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR) is of great significance to replace the high-pollution anthraquinone oxidation process. Herein, O/N dual-coordinated silicon (Si) single-atom catalysts (SACs) uniformly immobilized on N-doped graphene (SiO-NC) are successfully synthesized using silicate as Si dopant via controllable solvothermal and nitridation processes. In the synthesize reaction, Si centers convert from Si-O planar triangle to unsymmetrical Si-ON tetrahedron, which effectively modify the electronic distribution of the carbon matrix, providing high-density active sites for electrocatalytic HO production.

Photoelectrocatalyst in Lithium-Carbon Dioxide Batteries: A Systematic Review and Mechanistic Analysis.

Lithium-carbon dioxide batteries have significant potential in energy storage due to their high energy density (1876 Wh kg) and ability to recycle CO. However, their practical application is significantly hindered by the sluggish cathodic kinetics. While electrocatalysts have been extensively studied to improve reaction kinetics, they remain incapable of overcoming the fundamental thermodynamic bottlenecks of these reactions.

Element Optimization in NASICON Phosphates Enhances Sodium Storage Performance.

NASICON materials have undergone significant development, transitioning from single-transition-metal systems like sodium vanadium phosphate to multi-element compositions designed for diverse performance metrics. This review highlights the iterative advancements in NASICON materials, focusing on their evolution, challenges, and future directions. Early single-element systems offer stability but face limitations such as high costs and low capacities, driving research toward dual- and multi-element systems to achieve higher capacity, better low-temperature performance, and enhance cost-effectiveness.

Chirality-Contiguous Bridged Carboranes: Synergistic Scalable Synthesis and Amplification of Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Icosahedral carboranes are promising structural motifs for optoelectronic functional materials owing to their unique three-dimensional aromatic architectures and distinctive electronic properties. However, their applications remain restricted by the absence of efficient and scalable asymmetric synthesis and limited circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) studies. Herein, we developed a highly stereoselective and straightforward asymmetric synthesis for chiral carborane molecules.

N,P-Coordinated Breaking Local Charge Symmetry of Fe Single Atoms for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction.

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are pivotal in energy conversion and storage systems, particularly in alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Atomically dispersed Fe-NC electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts. However, their catalytic activity and stability must be significantly improved.

Gold disk microelectrode-coupled label-free electrochemical aptasensor for dopamine assay.

We fabricated a gold disk microelectrode (Au DME) and developed a label-free electrochemical aptasensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) in brain slices using an anti-DA specific aptamer as the molecular recognition element and DA oxidation signal as the analytical signal. Au DME with a disk-shaped geometry and a radius in the range of 1.25 to 4 μm was fabricated by fine-tuning the size of the gold microwire inside a borosilicate capillary using laser-assisted pulling and mechanical polishing methods for easily positioning the target object.

Boosting thermal conductivity of boron nitride incorporated polymer composites hydrogen bonding engineering.

Enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymer-based composites is critical for effective thermal management in power electronics. A common strategy involves incorporating high-thermal-conductivity fillers such as graphene and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS). However, practical enhancements often fall short of theoretical predictions due to interfacial thermal resistance ().

Carbene-stabilized 6,12-diboraanthanthrenes: unveiling the multistage redox properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons featuring electron-rich boron centers.

Electronic manipulation of boron centers in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) frameworks often leads to unique redox and photophysical properties. Herein, we report the first isolation and redox investigation of carbene-stabilized 6,12-diboraanthanthrenes 3/4 with electron-rich boron centers. Combining experimental and theoretical studies confirms that 3/4 exhibits a closed-shell singlet ground state and strong global aromaticity.

Conformational Engineering of Solvent Molecules for High-Voltage and Fast-Charging Lithium Metal Batteries.

High-voltage and fast-charging lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are crucial for overcoming electric vehicle range and charging limitations. However, conventional carbonate electrolytes face intrinsic limitations in simultaneously achieving compatibility with high-voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes. These limitations arise from sluggish Li transport kinetics and parasitic side reactions, both largely driven by excessive Li solvation energy inherent to carbonates.

Conjugated D-A Polymers to Integrate the Through-Bond and Through-Space Charge Transfers to Boost the One-For-All Phototheranostics.

To achieve the efficient cancer therapy, one-for-all phototheranostics are highly important, but their engineering of agents is still challenging. Particularly, the balancing of emission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is urgently needed in NIR-II region. To address this issue, a conjugated D-A polymer of PY2V-BDTF is designed to combine the through-bond/through-space charge transfer (TBCT/TSCT) features in a single molecule by connecting D and A units with the rotatable vinyl linkers.

Beyond macroscopic performance: nanoscale charge transfer dynamics in energy storage/conversion devices scanning electrochemical cell microscopy.

The performance of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices is fundamentally governed by nanoscale charge transfer dynamics at buried interfaces, which remain elusive to conventional macroscopic characterization techniques. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) uniquely combines single-point probing with areal scanning to resolve localized electrochemical activity and bulk-scale architectural evolution, enabling cross-scale correlations between nanoscale charge transfer processes (<100 nm resolution) and macroscale electrode behavior (>100 μm). This capability establishes SECCM as a transformative tool for interrogation of interfacial phenomena, including metal ion deposition/insertion, stripping/extraction, and the distribution of active sites in electrocatalysts and the mechanism of degradation-induced failure, with millisecond temporal resolution.