Somatostatin and its receptors involvement in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity: a narrative review.

As a widely used pediatric anesthetic, sevoflurane presents a paradoxical neurodevelopmental risk during vulnerable brain maturation periods. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity, with a focus on somatostatin (SST)-SSTR4 signaling and its downstream effects on synaptic integrity. Key findings reveal that sevoflurane exposure disrupts excitatory-inhibitory balance by upregulating hippocampal SST expression, suppressing glutamatergic synaptic markers (vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1), PSD95), and impairing cAMP/PKA signaling-a pathway essential for AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity.

N,P-Coordinated Breaking Local Charge Symmetry of Fe Single Atoms for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction.

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are pivotal in energy conversion and storage systems, particularly in alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Atomically dispersed Fe-NC electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts. However, their catalytic activity and stability must be significantly improved.

PGM-free single atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in the clean energy sector is notable for its efficiency and eco-friendliness, although challenges remain in terms of durability, cost and power density. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key sluggish process and although current platinum-based catalysts are effective, their high cost and instability is a significant barrier. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer an economically viable alternative with comparable catalytic activity for ORR.

Research Progress on Atomically Dispersed Fe-N-C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

The efficiency and performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are primarily influenced by ORR electrocatalysts. In recent years, atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts have gained significant attention due to their high active center density, high atomic utilization, and high activity. These catalysts are now considered the preferred alternative to traditional noble metal electrocatalysts.

RuO Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media: Mechanism, Activity Promotion Strategy and Research Progress.

Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) under acidic conditions outperforms alkaline water electrolysis in terms of less resistance loss, higher current density, and higher produced hydrogen purity, which make it more economical in long-term applications. However, the efficiency of PEMWE is severely limited by the slow kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), poor catalyst stability, and high cost. Therefore, researchers in the past decade have made great efforts to explore cheap, efficient, and stable electrode materials.

Inhibitory neuron map of sevoflurane induced neurotoxicity model in young primates.

Introduction: Sevoflurane, one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents in children, may induce neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Exposure to sevoflurane might induce an imbalance between neural excitation and inhibition which could be a mechanism behind anesthesia-induced cognitive and affective dysfunctions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

CTL-Derived Granzyme B Participates in Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in Rats.

Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis is a devastating consequence of cardiac arrest (CA) and subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this study, we assessed the contribution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-derived toxic mediator granzyme B (Gra-b) to the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis following CA/CPR in rats. Rats that experienced CA/CPA presented with cytosomal shrinkage, dense cytoplasm, and intensive eosinophilic staining in the CA1 region of dorsal hippocampus.

Fingerprinting profile of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum using multiplex approaches and chemometrics.

Techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV), high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography (PCD-HPLC) were used in the fingerprinting analysis of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) from different locations and varieties. Multiple fingerprinting profiles were used to evaluate the similarity and classification of different LBPs with the help of chemometrics. The results indicated that sixteen batches of LBPs had good consistency, and fingerprinting techniques were simple and robust for quality control of LBPs as well as related products.

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of a fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L.

To explore new antioxidant resource from food, a water-soluble polysaccharide (ALP1) was extracted and purified from the roots of Arctium lappa L. (A. lappa L.