Oxophilic Sites Mediated Dynamic Oxygen Replenishment to Stabilize Lattice Oxygen Catalysis in Acidic Water Oxidation.

Developing efficient and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media is essential for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). However, catalyst instability caused by lattice oxygen (O) depletion and metal dissolution remains a critical barrier. Here, we propose an oxophilic-site-mediated dynamic oxygen replenishment mechanism (DORM), in which O actively participates in O-O bond formation and is continuously refilled by water-derived species.

Laser-Engraved Micro-Patterned rGO/WPU Composite Structures for Aircraft Applications: Synchronizing Electrothermal De-Icing and Broadband Microwave Transparency.

Aircraft confronting harsh meteorological conditions and radar detection environments during high-altitude flights face significant risks, which can threaten flight safety. This study designs and fabricates a novel Jerusalem cross-inspired Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). Initially, rGO powder with an optimized reduction degree is synthesized as the conductive filler.

Enhancing the performance of paper via enzyme-modified starch surface sizing and selection of optimal enzyme system.

The application of enzyme-modified starch in surface sizing provides an effective strategy to improve paper performance. However, the effects of different enzyme-treated starch-based sizing agents on various paper properties have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, tapioca starch was modified using various enzymes (i.

Stepped {110} Facet-Enriched Ga-Doped SrTiO Crystal Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Reaction.

For the SrTiO semiconductor, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains the rate-determining step in photocatalytic overall water splitting, indicating the key role in efficiently improving the exposure of OER-active crystal facets highly associated with the water oxidation kinetics. Herein, we design a Ga ion incorporation in SrTiO crystal to etch the surface through flux treatment, with the formation of highly exposed stepped {110} facets. The formation mechanism and its impact on photocatalytic performance were systematically investigated by various characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Sprayed AgNWs interfacial engineering enabling hyperspectral-infrared compatible camouflage in biomimetic bilayer coatings.

Most research on hyperspectral camouflage focuses on green vegetation, lacking hyperspectral camouflage for complex environments and infrared camouflage. This study prepared a coating using Alizarin Green (AG), Acid Yellow (AY), magnesium‑aluminum layered double hydroxides (MgAl LDHs), and lithium chloride (LiCl). The coating exhibits high color consistency with dark green, medium green, yellow green, and yellow leaves.

Compressive Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures with Varied Structural Parameters Prepared by Stereolithography.

The use of additive manufacturing technology for the lightweight design of complex lattice structures is becoming increasingly popular, but research on lattice structure design and strength evaluation still relies on the visual comparison of stress distributions and lacks quantitative assessment data. Given this perspective, this study explored the effects of structural parameters (relative density, cell size, and sample size) on the compressive strength of diamond lattice structures prepared by Stereolithography (SLA) and revealed the underlying mechanisms through stress distribution simulations and the calculation of characteristic stress distribution parameters (structural efficiency and stress concentration coefficient). The results showed that a greater relative density can increase structural efficiency, but it hardly affects the stress concentration coefficient, and smaller cell sizes and larger sample sizes increase the stress concentration coefficient without affecting the structural efficiency.

A Hydrogen-Bonded Crossing Binder for High-Voltage Applications of the Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode.

The inferior cycle capacity of the lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode at high potential hinders the further enhancement of its working voltage. In response to this challenge, an innovative water-based binder (SL-GG) was prepared by employing sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and guar gum (GG) as raw materials to achieve high-potential LiCoO (4.6 V) cathodes with cycling stability.

Robust and Biodegradable Heterogeneous Electronics with Customizable Cylindrical Architecture for Interference-Free Respiratory Rate Monitoring.

A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness. However, a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations, as well as mechanical motion artifacts. Herein, a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode, featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness, thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.

Anchoring and Competition: Weakly Solvated Structure of Glymes Enhances Stability in Lithium Metal Batteries Operating under Extreme Conditions.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) face challenges from unstable and fragile solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). In this work, we successfully develop a novel electrolyte by effectively modulating the competitive solvation process in LMBs. In this formulation, the C─O─C motifs of glymes are competitively substituted by other anions and solvents to achieve single oxygen site coordination, thereby facilitating a weak solvation effect.

Hierarchical luminescence center coupling enables time-dependent phosphorescence color from self-protective carbonized polymer dots.

Time-dependent phosphorescence color is attractive for various applications; however, the modulation mechanism of multiple luminescence centers is still confused. Herein, we proposed a hierarchical luminescence center coupling strategy to develop self-protective xylan carbonized polymer dots with time-dependent phosphorescence color. When using 1,3-diaminopropane as the cross-linker, the polymer dots feature a highly stable and rigid architecture, the clusterization-triggered phosphorescence of which is fully exploited to form hierarchical core-shell phosphorescence centers with different afterglow colors.

Solvated ion transport in hierarchical tremella-like ionic membranes for low-power and high-sensitivity ethanol sensing.

Biological olfactory perception relies on ionic transport, offering a promising alternative to conventional gas sensors that depend on electronic signal transmission, which often suffer from limitations such as limited sensitivity, high power consumption, and susceptibility to moisture. Inspired by biological olfactory ion channels, nanochannel-based ionic membranes incorporating 2D materials and ionic liquids have been developed. Through functional modifications, these membranes exhibit unique tremella-like structures that optimize gas diffusion pathways and provide effective gas interaction sites.

Hydrogen-Bonded Perovskite Heterojunction Photocatalytic Membrane with Efficient Proton Supply for Boosting CO Methanation.

Efficient proton supply and enhanced *CO intermediate adsorption are crucial strategies for boosting CO methanation. Herein, we construct a hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) photocatalytic membrane by integrating a MAPbBr/cyano-g-CN (MPB/CN-g-CN) heterojunction with ethyl cellulose (ECE) binder through a simple sol-gel process, achieving significantly enhanced CO methanation efficiency. ECE functions as a novel proton source, with hydroxyl (-OH) groups that are readily oxidized by photogenerated holes, resulting in efficient proton supply compared to HO.

A bioinspired double-confining strategy enables highly practical target gas detection promoted solvated ion transport.

Electronic signal transmission-based gas sensing materials have been facing the technical bottlenecks of high operating temperature, high power consumption, and adverse humidity interference. In contrast, ionic signal transmission-based human olfaction efficiently functions in complex environmental conditions, which inspires the proposal of a unique gas sensing strategy. Herein, a bionic olfactory film is designed through confining ionic liquids (ILs) (, [Bmim][TfN]) within both graphene oxide (GO) nanochannels and sub-nanometer volumes of a polymer matrix.

γ-Ray irradiated polyacrylamide networks enable high-performance Li||S pouch cells.

Binders are essential for maintaining positive electrode integrity in Li||S batteries and significantly affect their performance. However, commercial linear binders often have disordered networks, poor binding efficiency, and insufficient mechanical strength. To address these challenges, three-dimensional covalent binders offer a promising solution.

Electrolyte Evolution for Flexible Energy Storage Systems: From Liquid to Solid, from Rigid to Soft, and from Organic to Aqueous.

With the rapid development of modern electronic devices and the diversification of use scenarios, flexible energy storage systems (FESS) have gained widespread attention as an inseparable part of electronic devices. Electrolyte is considered as one of the most influential components of tremendous scientific and commercial interest in the performance of FESS. Electrolytes are undergoing tremendous structural variations from liquid to solid, rigid to flexible, and organic to aqueous to meet the evolving requirements for FESS.

Paper-Mill Waste Derived Bioplastic with Excitation- and Time-Dependent Phosphorescence Color for Sustainable Flexible Anti-Counterfeiting.

Bioplastics are developed to replace petrochemical-based plastics to address environmental pollution, but their practicality is limited (e.g., mechanical performance, cost, and wet stability).

Iron-Based High-Temperature Alloys: Alloying Strategies and New Opportunities.

Iron-based high-temperature alloys are engineered to withstand extreme conditions, including elevated temperatures, mechanical stress, and corrosive environments. These alloys play a critical role in industries such as aerospace, power generation, and chemical processing, where materials must maintain structural integrity and performance under demanding operational conditions. This review examines recent advancements in iron-based alloys, with a focus on alloying strategies, high-temperature performance, and applications.

Atomic vacancy defect-induced dual active sites synergistic catalysis for oxygen evolution reaction.

Water electrolysis is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for hydrogen production. However, the high thermodynamic energy barrier and sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) result in increased energy consumption, which limits its practical application. Despite significant efforts to design and develop various catalysts for OER, their catalytic activity and durability remain suboptimal, especially for industrial-scale applications.

Enhanced specific energy in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries negative electrodes via Ti-O covalency-mediated low potential.

Developing lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy and fast-charging capability requires overcoming the potential-capacity trade-off in negative electrodes. Conventional fast-charging materials (e.g.

Parallel-Driven Interlocked Catalytic System for Efficient Suppression of Reverse Reactions in Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

One of the key challenges in particulate-based photocatalytic water splitting is the occurrence of reverse reactions, reducing the overall catalytic efficiency. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, we introduce a parallel-driven interlocked catalytic system (PICS), which integrates homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. In PICS, the transport subsystem (TS) and reaction subsystem (RS) are macroscopically interlocked to enable parallel driving by incident light, enhancing synergistic photoexcitation between HPO-treated g-CN (PCN) and [Ru(bpy)] ([Ru]).

Mechanically Robust Thermoelectric Hydrogel with Superior Thermoelectricity for Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting and Overheating Warning.

Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) hydrogel, combined with intrinsic softness, conductivity, and thermoelectricity, is a highly promising candidate for flexible thermoelectric materials to directly harvest low-grade thermal energy from the environment and the human body. However, efficiently converting heat into electricity without compromising structural robustness under extreme mechanical conditions is of great significance but still challenging. Herein, we prepared a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA)/NaCl/Fe(CN) (PSNF) hydrogel with superior mechanical robustness and thermoelectricity, utilizing the combination of a dual thermoelectric effect by the freeze/thaw method and the Hofmeister effect.

Biodegradable xylan/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based composite films for fruit preservation.

In pursuit of sustainable, biodegradable packaging with controlled-release functionality for food preservation, we have developed a novel composite xylan/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based composite film. Fabricated by cross-linking sodium polyacrylate POSS with xylan molecules, the film features robust mechanical properties (11.56 MPa strength, 489.

Integrating explainable AI and causal inference to unveil regional air quality drivers in China.

Air pollution poses a pressing global public health challenge, demanding a comprehensive understanding of its causes and evolving dynamics to inform effective control strategies. In China, significant spatial heterogeneity complicates the national air quality improvement process. Different regions exhibit varying pollution drivers, which makes uniform governance approaches less effective.

Multi-ion Coordinated Water Network in Dilute Acid Electrolytes for Ultralow-Temperature (≤-80 °C) Proton Energy Storage.

Proton batteries/capacitors, known for fast ion diffusion kinetics, are a promising alternative for low-temperature energy storage. However, ultralow-temperature (≤-60 °C) proton energy storage devices have been impeded by the strong corrosion of high-concentration acids and the high freezing point of low-concentration acids. Here, a strong-super-cooling electrolyte with a multi-ion coordinated water network (hybrid electrolyte of dilute acid and chaotropic zinc salt) is designed for fast proton transport at low temperatures.

Dual weakly solvated electrolytes with enhanced interfacial stability for ultrastable alloying-type Bi anodes in potassium-ion batteries.

Weakly solvated electrolytes (WSE) have been proposed for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) to address the interfacial stability issue of K-storage via weakening the cation-solvent interaction to achieve anion-rich solvation sheath for constructing anion-derived stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. However, the insufficient salt dissociation capacity of the employed solvents with low solvation ability significantly limited the wide manipulation of solvation structures for realizing satisfactory K-storage performance. Herein, a dual weakly solvated electrolytes (DWSE) was developed for alloy-type Bi-based K-storage anode.