Stepped {110} Facet-Enriched Ga-Doped SrTiO Crystal Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Reaction.

For the SrTiO semiconductor, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains the rate-determining step in photocatalytic overall water splitting, indicating the key role in efficiently improving the exposure of OER-active crystal facets highly associated with the water oxidation kinetics. Herein, we design a Ga ion incorporation in SrTiO crystal to etch the surface through flux treatment, with the formation of highly exposed stepped {110} facets. The formation mechanism and its impact on photocatalytic performance were systematically investigated by various characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

PANDORA-Seq Unveils the Hidden Small Non-Coding RNA Landscape in Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy in the head and neck region with poor prognosis due to challenges in early diagnosis, high invasiveness, recurrence rate, and metastatic potential. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression and hold potential as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the ability of traditional RNA-sequencing technologies to detect modified sncRNAs is limited, potentially leading to the failure to accurately identify some functionally relevant sncRNAs.

Parallel-Driven Interlocked Catalytic System for Efficient Suppression of Reverse Reactions in Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

One of the key challenges in particulate-based photocatalytic water splitting is the occurrence of reverse reactions, reducing the overall catalytic efficiency. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, we introduce a parallel-driven interlocked catalytic system (PICS), which integrates homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. In PICS, the transport subsystem (TS) and reaction subsystem (RS) are macroscopically interlocked to enable parallel driving by incident light, enhancing synergistic photoexcitation between HPO-treated g-CN (PCN) and [Ru(bpy)] ([Ru]).

Design and Semisynthesis of Ubiquitin Extension Probes for Structural Analysis of Cullin1-Mediated Substrate Polyubiquitination.

Chemical trapping strategies have recently emerged as powerful approaches for investigating the structural dynamics of E3 ligase-catalyzed substrate ubiquitination. However, current ubiquitination-derived probes are limited to studying substrate mono- or diubiquitination events. Probes capable of investigating how E3 ligases accommodate E2-Ub conjugates and ubiquitinated substrates to generate longer ubiquitin chains remain unexplored.

Expression and purification of functional recombinant Cullin1-Rbx1/2 in E. coli.

Protein ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification in eukaryotes that is mediated by E1-E2-E3 enzymatic cascades and regulates a wide range of cellular processes. Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) represent the largest family of RING-type E3 ligases and play pivotal roles in these processes. Generating full-length, active Cullin1-Rbx1 (CRL1) is essential for biochemical and biophysical investigations.

Examining the Role of Threonine Phosphorylation in Ubiquitin's Function Using Chemical Protein Synthesis.

The phosphorylation of ubiquitin significantly enhances the complexity of the ubiquitin code. However, the molecular consequences of ubiquitin phosphorylation at threonine residues remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we present an effective method for the total chemical synthesis of threonine-phosphorylated ubiquitin, producing tens of milligrams of all six in vivo-identified threonine-phosphorylated ubiquitin analogues: pUbT7, pUbT12, pUbT14, pUbT22, pUbT55, and pUbT66.

Solid-State Proton Donors in Hydroxyl-Rich NiGeO(OH) for Solar-Driven Hydrogen Evolution.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through water splitting is one of the most promising solutions to global energy and environmental challenges. In this study, using hydroxyl-rich NiGeO(OH) as a photocatalyst, a novel, kinetically self-activated solar-driven gas-solid system for H production was demonstrated, where solid-state lattice hydroxyls (Ni-OH) serve as proton donors due to their low reaction barrier. The sustainable regeneration of Ni-OH is achieved through gaseous HO molecule dissociation at the resultant oxygen vacancies (O), which plays a critical role in enhancing proton activity.

Bifunctional In Doping toward Defect Engineering in SrTiO for Solar Water Splitting.

Defect engineering in SrTiO crystals plays a pivotal role in achieving efficient overall solar water splitting, as evidenced by the influence of Al ions. However, the uneven structural relaxation caused by Al ions has been overlooked, significantly affecting the defect state and catalytic activity. When an AlO crucible is used, optimizing this defect engineering presents a significant challenge.