Abdominal simultaneous 3D water T and T mapping using a free-breathing Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering.

Purpose: To develop a method for abdominal simultaneous 3D water ( ) and ( ) mapping with isotropic resolution using a free-breathing Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering (CASPR) at 3 T.

Methods: The proposed data acquisition combines a Look-Locker scheme with the modified BIR-4 adiabatic preparation pulse for simultaneous and mapping. CASPR is employed for efficient and flexible k-space sampling at isotropic resolution during free breathing.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Principles and advanced techniques.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is an established non-invasive tool for the assessment of cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death globally. CMR provides dynamic and static multi-contrast and multi-parametric images, including cine for functional evaluation, contrast-enhanced imaging and parametric mapping for tissue characterization, and MR angiography for the assessment of the aortic, coronary and pulmonary circulation. However, clinical CMR imaging sequences still have some limitations such as the requirement for multiple breath-holds, incomplete spatial coverage, complex planning and acquisition, low scan efficiency and long scan times.

First clinical application of silicon-based [¹⁸F]siPSMA-14 in prostate cancer patients: A proof-of-concept study.

Silicon-based ligands are of interest in increasingly used Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracers for prostate cancer (PCa) staging due to their simple and scalable production. Here, we present first data on dosimetry and biodistribution of the novel PSMA-specific tracer [¹⁸F]siPSMA-14.Seven PCa patients referred for PSMA-PET/CT imaging were imaged at 60 and 120 min p.

Habitat functions of freshwater mussel shells for riverine macroinvertebrates.

Freshwater mussels are keystone species in aquatic ecosystems and the presence of living mussels can enhance ambient macroinvertebrate biodiversity. However, due to a lack of empirical data, the functional role of dead freshwater mussel shells as habitat for other species remains unclear. Drawing primarily from research in marine ecosystems, we hypothesized that mussel shells enrich riverbed structure by providing diverse microhabitats, especially for macroinvertebrates.

Perioperative Collagen IV-Targeted Ac2-26 Nanoparticles Enhance Anastomotic Healing in Acute Crohn's Disease-Like Colitis: A Preclinical Study on Systemic, Oral, and Rectal Delivery Routes.

Objective: This preclinical study investigates a novel targeted collagen type IV nanoparticle formulation, Ac2-26 coated with chitosan and pectin ((pc)-Col-IV-Ac2-26-NPs), to promote anastomotic healing in a model of acute Crohn's disease (CD) with distal colo-colonic anastomosis, using intraperitoneal, oral and rectal delivery to optimize therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic immunosuppression.

Summary Background Data: Surgery remains critical for CD-patients due to irreversible tissue damage, with anti-inflammatory therapies increasing the risk of postoperative complications like anastomotic leaks.

Method: Female BALB/c mice (n=152) with CD-like colitis (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) were randomized to receive (pc)-Col-IV-Ac2-26-NPs or scrambled NPs intraperitoneally, orally, or rectally every 3.

AlphaMissense prediction for the evaluation of missense variants in the diagnostic setting of neuromuscular disorders.

Next-generation sequencing has improved diagnostic outcomes for neuromuscular disorders, but interpreting rare missense variants remains challenging. We evaluated AlphaMissense, a recently developed machine learning tool, for predicting missense variant pathogenicity, using 45 (likely) pathogenic variants and 21 variants of uncertain significance from 58 deeply phenotyped patients. AlphaMissense predicted 69% of pathogenic variants correctly, but also classified 62% of variants of uncertain significance as pathogenic.

Bright Thermo-resilient and Promiscuous Zombie Protein for Lighting Applications.

Proteins are at the forefront of materials science, with implementations in optical, electrical, and structural materials for transformative and sustainable technologies. Within the biohybrid light-emitting diode (BioHLED) concept, replacing toxic and/or rare photon filters with classical β-barrel fluorescent proteins (FPs) that must withstand irradiation, temperature, oxidation, and dehydration stress, the question if FPs from extremophiles and/or living fossils might be better for lighting applications arises. We addressed this by introducing a thermostable prokaryotic FP, whose inherent promiscuity enables the design of tunable emitting proteins.

Characterization of Bitter Off-Taste Stimuli in Sunflower Press Cake Using the Sensomics Approach.

The Sensomics approach, including activity-guided fractionation and taste dilution analysis, was employed to identify the key compounds responsible for the bitter off-taste of sunflower press cake. A combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dose-overthreshold factor calculation led to the identification of 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid, 9,10,11-trihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid, 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, 2-hydroxyoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and novel pinocarveol β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-(4--caffeoyl) glucopyranoside as contributors to the bitterness of sunflower press cake. The findings provide valuable insights into the sensory challenges associated with using sunflower press cake in food applications and offer pathways to enhance its palatability and potential as a sustainable protein alternative to meet future protein demands.

A redundant system of thioredoxin and glutathione is essential for pancreatic acinar integrity.

Background & Aims: Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, there is a notable lack of in vivo experimental evidence clarifying their precise role.

Methods: We generated and analyzed mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of Txnrd1 (Txnrd1).

Entangled cellular and molecular relationships at the sensory neuron-cancer interface.

Peripheral sensory neurons, once regarded merely as a passive route for nociceptive signals, are now acknowledged as active participants in solid tumor progression. This review explores how sensory neurons influence and are influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) through both chemical and electrical signaling, underscoring their pivotal role in the emerging field of cancer neuroscience. We summarize recent findings indicating that cancer-neuron interactions vary among different organs and experimental models, highlighting the ways in which various tumors recruit and reprogram sensory neurons to establish mutual communication loops that foster malignancy.

From histology to diagnosis: Leveraging pathology foundation models for glioma classification.

The fifth edition of the WHO classification of brain tumors increasingly emphasizes the role of extensive genetic testing in the diagnosis of gliomas. In this context, computational pathology foundation models (FMs) present a promising approach for inferring molecular entities directly from conventional, H&E-stained histological images, potentially reducing the need for genetic analysis. We conducted a robust investigation into the ability of five established FMs to generate effective embeddings for downstream glioma classification using three datasets (TCGA, n=839 samples; EBRAINS, n=786 samples; TUM, n=250 samples) and state-of-the-art augmentation techniques.

Myeloid sarcoma shows a high frequency of mutations activating the MAPK/ERK pathway and association with clonal hematopoiesis.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a mass-forming extramedullary manifestation of myeloid blasts, either in relation to an underlying acute myeloid leukemia (AML), another myeloid neoplasm (MN) or as a de novo occurrence. Data on the genetic profile of MS are sparse. In this study, 41 MS of 34 patients, including 7 de novo cases and 24 patients with antecedent or synchronous MN, were analyzed with targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), RNA-based fusion detection, and gene expression profiling (GEP).

Gpu-accelerated JEMRIS for extensive MRI simulations.

Purpose: To enable accelerated Bloch simulations by enhancing the open-source multi-purpose MRI simulation tool JEMRIS with graphic processing units (GPU) parallelization.

Methods: A GPU-compatible version of JEMRIS was built by shifting the computationally expensive parallelizable processes to the GPU to benefit from heterogeneous computing and by adding asynchronous communication and mixed precision support. With key classes reimplemented in CUDA C++, the developed GPU-JEMRIS framework was tested on simulations of common MRI artifacts in numerical phantoms.

Flashzoi: An enhanced Borzoi for accelerated genomic analysis.

Motivation: Accurately predicting how DNA sequence drives gene regulation and how genetic variants alter gene expression is a central challenge in genomics. Borzoi, which models over ten thousand genomic assays including RNA-seq coverage from over half a megabase of sequence context alone promises to become an important foundation model in regulatory genomics, both for massively annotating variants and for further model development. However, the currently used relative positional encodings limit Borzoi's computational efficiency.

Emerging processing guidelines for solid electrolytes in the era of oxide-based solid-state batteries.

The current most mature, competitive, and dominant battery technology for electric vehicles (EVs) is the Li-ion battery (LIB). As future EVs will rely on battery technology, further innovation is essential for the success of mobility electrification towards improving the driving range and reducing the charging time and price competitiveness. The commonly cited next generation technologies are hybrid and solid-state batteries (SSBs) enabling high energy densities using lithium.

A Novel α-Synuclein K58N Missense Variant in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disorder with a genetic component in about 15% of cases. Multiplications and point mutations in SNCA gene, encoding α-synuclein (aSyn), are linked to rare familial forms of PD.

Objective: Our goal was to assess the clinical presentation and the biological effects of a novel K58N aSyn mutation identified in a patient with PD.

High-Performance Proteomics Using Nano-, Capillary-, and Microflow Chromatographic Separations.

Current applications of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics range from single-cell to body fluid analysis, each presenting very different demands regarding sensitivity or sample throughput. Additionally, the vast molecular complexity of proteomes and the massive dynamic range of protein concentrations in these biological systems require highly performant chromatographic separations in tandem with the high speed and sensitivity afforded by modern mass spectrometers. In this study, we focused on the chromatographic aspect and, more specifically, systematically evaluated proteome analysis performance across a wide range of chromatographic flow rates (0.

Homogeneous FACsPbI Films via Sequential Deposition for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Despite significant advancements in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of FAPbI-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their commercialization remains hindered by stability issues. These challenges arise primarily from the phase transition of the α-phase to the δ-phase under operation. Alloying FAPbI with Cs to form FA-Cs perovskite (FACsPbI) emerged as a promising approach to enhance phase and thermal stability.

Gyroscope measurements of the precession and nutation of Earth's axis.

High-precision, Sagnac interferometry has long been proposed as a route to test fundamental questions in physics such as the magnitude of relativistic precessions (e.g., the Lense-Thirring effect).

Bilateral breast metastases from rectal malignant melanoma: case report and literature review.

Rectal melanoma is an extremely rare and highly aggressive disease, and rectal melanoma metastasis to the breast is rare. This is a 48-year-old female who presented with rectal melanoma carcinoma Following the diagnosis of locally advanced rectal cancer (TxN3M0), she received chemotherapy, immunotherapy with radiotherapy, and metastases to the lung, bone and vulvar developed during the therapy. After one year of treatment, the patient developed bilateral breast metastases.

Evaluating large language model-generated brain MRI protocols: performance of GPT4o, o3-mini, DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen2.5-72B.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential of LLMs to generate sequence-level brain MRI protocols.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study employed a dataset of 150 brain MRI cases derived from local imaging request forms. Reference protocols were established by two neuroradiologists.

A data-driven two-microphone method for in situ sound absorption measurements of porous materialsa).

This work presents a data-driven approach to estimating the sound absorption coefficient of an infinite porous slab using a neural network and a two-microphone measurement on a finite porous sample. A one-dimensional-convolutional network predicts the sound absorption coefficient from the complex-valued transfer function between the sound pressure measured at the two microphone positions. The network is trained and validated with numerical data generated by a boundary element model using the Delany-Bazley-Miki model, demonstrating accurate predictions for various numerical samples.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and mortality in coronary artery disease.

Background And Aims: Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been associated with cardiovascular risk, but its prognostic relevance and mechanistic role in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the association between CHIP and all-cause mortality in CAD and explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms, focusing on TET2 mutations.

Methods: Targeted deep sequencing of 13 CHIP driver genes in 8612 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD was performed.