Evaluating large language model-generated brain MRI protocols: performance of GPT4o, o3-mini, DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen2.5-72B.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential of LLMs to generate sequence-level brain MRI protocols.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study employed a dataset of 150 brain MRI cases derived from local imaging request forms. Reference protocols were established by two neuroradiologists.

Long-term trend of cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism in Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Research on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rare in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of VTE within the Korean PIBD population.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted on pediatric patients (<17 years) using South Korea's health claims data from 2005 to 2015.

3D-Printed CNT-Reinforced Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold with Enhanced Mechanical Stability and Integrated Wireless Pressure Sensor for Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring.

Polymer-based bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications. Among various BVS, polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds exhibit excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, chemical stability, and controlled degradation. However, their low radial strength limits practical applicability.

Lower hippocampal volumes at baseline are associated with higher volume loss in healthy elderly.

Introduction: Hippocampal volume loss occurs physiologically with age, but an accelerated rate of volume loss is linked to neurodegenerative diseases. While evidence suggests that cross-sectional study designs tend to underestimate hippocampal atrophy rates compared to longitudinal approaches, few studies have directly examined the relationship between these two methods in the context of brain aging. This study aims to investigate the association between baseline hippocampal z-scores and hippocampal volume loss over time in a cohort of healthy older adults.

Privacy-Preserving Generation of Structured Lymphoma Progression Reports from Cross-sectional Imaging: A Comparative Analysis of Llama 3.3 and Llama 4.

Efficient processing of radiology reports for monitoring disease progression is crucial in oncology. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in extracting structured information from medical reports, privacy concerns limit their clinical implementation. This study evaluates the feasibility and accuracy of two of the most recent Llama models for generating structured lymphoma progression reports from cross-sectional imaging data in a privacy-preserving, real-world clinical setting.

The index endoscopic characteristics associated with gastric neoplasms in serial screening of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Background: Although biennial upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is recommended for gastric cancer screening in Korea, data regarding the endoscopic characteristics associated with the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms in serial endoscopic screening are limited. We aimed to evaluate the index endoscopic characteristics associated with the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms and adequate gastric cancer screening interval.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of the patients diagnosed with gastric neoplasms, who showed no evidence of gastric neoplasms on index endoscopy between October 2005 and December 2022.

Data extraction from free-text stroke CT reports using GPT-4o and Llama-3.3-70B: the impact of annotation guidelines.

Background: To evaluate the impact of an annotation guideline on the performance of large language models (LLMs) in extracting data from stroke computed tomography (CT) reports.

Methods: The performance of GPT-4o and Llama-3.3-70B in extracting ten imaging findings from stroke CT reports was assessed in two datasets from a single academic stroke center.

Successful Endoscopic Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy for Esophageal Perforation: A Case Report.

Esophageal perforation can lead to serious complications, and rapid diagnosis and treatment significantly affect the prognosis. Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure (EndoVAC) therapy is widely accepted as a safe, well-tolerated, effective, versatile and practical procedure for the management of esophageal perforation in selected patients. We report the successful use of EndoVAC therapy for management of an esophageal perforation secondary to foreign body removal.

Intermuscular adipose tissue and lean muscle mass assessed with MRI in people with chronic back pain in Germany: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Chronic back pain (CBP) affects over 80 million people in Europe, contributing to substantial healthcare costs and disability. Understanding modifiable risk factors, such as muscle composition, may aid in prevention and treatment. This study investigates the association between lean muscle mass (LMM) and intermuscular adipose tissue (InterMAT) with CBP using noninvasive whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Impact of metabolic health and weight transition on COVID-19 risk: A population-based cohort study.

Objectives: Obesity and metabolic health are known factors influencing COVID-19 severity. However, the effect of changes in metabolic health and weight status on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. To investigate the association between changes in metabolic health and weight status over time and COVID-19-related risks.

Mechanisms Leading to Sedentary Behaviors among Older Adults in Chinese Residential Care Homes: The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior Model Guided Structural Equation Modeling.

Objective: To evaluate sedentary behaviors among older adults in residential care homes and explore potential mechanisms leading to sedentary behaviors based on the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to Behavior (COM-B) model.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: We collected data from 329 residents who lived in 11 residential care homes in China.

Advances in oxygenation nanozymes for overcoming diabetic ulcers.

Diabetic ulcers, affecting 15-25% of diabetes patients worldwide, are characterized by localized hypoxia that impedes healing. This review explores the emerging field of oxygen-generating nanozymes as a promising approach to diabetic ulcer treatment. Nanozymes, synthetic nanoparticles mimicking natural enzyme activities, have shown potential in generating oxygen , scavenging reactive oxygen species, and modulating the wound microenvironment.

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with serum lipid profiles in the general Korean adult population.

Background: Previous studies on associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lipid profiles are limited. We investigated the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and serum lipid profiles using a representative sample of Korean adults.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2018-2020) (n = 2,516).

Association between humidifier disinfectant use duration and lung cancer development in Korea.

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the association between the duration of humidifier disinfectant use and lung cancer development.

Methods: We analyzed data from 3,605 applicants registered for compensation from the Korean government due to health conditions related to humidifier disinfectant exposure. Among these individuals, 121 were diagnosed with lung cancer at least 4 years after their initial exposure (through December 2021).

The Molecular Monitoring of an Invasive Freshwater Fish, Brown Trout (), Using Real-Time PCR Assay and Environmental Water Samples.

, commonly known as brown trout, is an invasive species that has established itself in various regions, including South Korea, where it poses ecological risks to native freshwater fish populations. To enable natural habitat restoration, needs to be monitored, but traditional monitoring techniques are associated with several limitations. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to apply a sensitive and specific real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using a set of primers and a hydrolysis probe specific to the mitochondrial cytochrome gene of .

Corrigendum to "Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism" [J Ginseng Res Volume 49, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 92-102].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.

Human-AI collaboration in large language model-assisted brain MRI differential diagnosis: a usability study.

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of human-large language model (LLM) collaboration on the accuracy and efficiency of brain MRI differential diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, forty brain MRI cases with a challenging but definitive diagnosis were randomized into two groups of twenty cases each. Six radiology residents with an average experience of 6.

Injectable Endoplasmin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles-Hydrogel Composite for Cartilage Regeneration.

Background: Endoplasmin (ENPL), a heat shock protein 90 family member, promotes chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells by inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, its large size limits cellular uptake and therapeutic potential. To overcome this challenge, a cationic lipid nanoparticle (C_LNP) system was designed to deliver ENPL intracellularly, enhancing its effects on human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs).

Regional educational environment and its association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in South Korea (2013-2019).

Purpose: The educational environment's characteristics (e.g., class size) may affect attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis.

Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of antihistamine: A nationwide data-based epidemiological study in South Korea.

Background: Despite concerns on the major neuropsychiatric side effects for long-term use of H1-receptor antagonist (anti-histamine, AH), one of the major therapeutic tools for allergic diseases, their association has not been investigated well.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between AH usage and neuropsychiatric disorder (NPD) incidence using the National Health Insurance Service Database.

Methods: This study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Service Database from January 1st 2002 through December 31th 2017.

Automation bias in AI-assisted detection of cerebral aneurysms on time-of-flight MR angiography.

Purpose: To determine how automation bias (inclination of humans to overly trust-automated decision-making systems) can affect radiologists when interpreting AI-detected cerebral aneurysm findings in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) studies.

Material And Methods: Nine radiologists with varying levels of experience evaluated twenty TOF-MRA examinations for the presence of cerebral aneurysms. Every case was evaluated with and without assistance by the AI software © mdbrain, with a washout period of at least four weeks in-between.

Benchmarking the diagnostic performance of open source LLMs in 1933 Eurorad case reports.

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have created new ways to support radiological diagnostics. While both open-source and proprietary LLMs can address privacy concerns through local or cloud deployment, open-source models provide advantages in continuity of access, and potentially lower costs. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of fifteen open-source LLMs and one closed-source LLM (GPT-4o) in 1,933 cases from the Eurorad library.

Crosslinker-free hydrogel induces self-aggregation of human dental pulp stem cells with enhanced antibacterial activity.

Recently, injectable hydrogels have garnered significant attention in tissue engineering due to their controlled flowability, strong plasticity, adaptability, and good biocompatibility. However, research on readily injectable -forming hydrogels capable of forming functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue condensations remains limited. This study explores the development and evaluation of a carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS)/oxidized hyaluronic acid (oHA) hydrogel incorporated with silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) for tissue engineering applications with inherent antibacterial activity.

Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism.

Background: Ginseng Berry Concentrate (GBC) enhances exercise capacity in mice, but the effects of its key component, ginsenoside Re (G-Re), on aging and mitochondrial function are not well understood. This study investigates the impact of G-Re on mitophagy and its potential to promote healthy aging.

Methods: Experiments in C2C12 myocytes and HeLa-mitoKeima-PARKIN cells assessed GBC and G-Re's effects on mitophagy, supported by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.