Amyloid β-dependent neuronal silencing through synaptic decoupling.

Amyloid β (Aβ)-dependent circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is determined by a puzzling mix of hyperactive and inactive ("silent") brain neurons. Recent studies identified excessive glutamate accumulation as a key Aβ-dependent determinant of hyperactivity. The cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal silence depend on both Aβ and tau protein pathologies, with an unknown role of Aβ.

Tip-Induced Nitrene Generation.

We generated trinitreno--heptazine, a small molecule featuring three nitrene centers, by tip-induced chemistry from the precursor 2,5,8-triazido--heptazine on bilayer NaCl on Au(111). The precursor's azide groups were dissociated to form mono-, di- and trinitreno--heptazine, yielding molecules with one to three nitrene centers. The precursor and its products are characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy.

Postless vs. traditional hip arthroscopy: A multilevel meta-analysis of current evidence on efficacy and safety.

Purpose: To date, no meta-analysis has systematically compared postless and post-assisted hip arthroscopy (HAS). This underscores the need for a structured synthesis of current evidence. To address this gap, a multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to systematically compare outcomes and complication rates of HAS performed with and without a perineal post.

Patient-specific prediction of regional lung mechanics in ARDS patients with physics-based models: A validation study.

Lung-protective ventilation significantly influences outcomes in ARDS patients, but identifying optimal settings remains a challenge due to pronounced inter- and intra-patient variability in lung anatomy and pathophysiology. This study demonstrates that physics-based computational lung models tailored to individual patients can predict otherwise unobservable local lung states, enabling a quantitative analysis of regional ventilation and the mechanical load experienced by lung parenchyma during ventilation. For seven mechanically ventilated ARDS patients, patient-specific computational models were generated using chest CT scan and ventilatory waveform data.

Deregulated miR-145 and miR-27b in hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome: implications for adipogenesis.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal disorder that causes premature aging, affecting approximately one in 4-8 million births. Most cases result from a mutation in the lamin A/C () gene, leading to the production of progerin, an aberrant lamin A variant that disrupts nuclear architecture and alters gene expression, including microRNA (miRNA) deregulation. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying HGPS and aging using global miRNA sequencing to identify key deregulated miRNAs.

Skin Lipid-Microbe Interplay Links Staphylococcus hominis to Barrier Control in Adult Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Skin surface lipids and commensal microbes are essential for the epidermal barrier, but their mutual interactions remain poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted high-resolution shotgun lipidomics of tape strips from lesional and non-lesional atopic dermatitis (AD) skin and healthy controls. Lipidomic data were integrated with 16S amplicon sequencing to construct lipid-microbe interaction networks.

The dual non-competitive CXCR1/2 inhibitor ladarixin impairs neutrophil extravasation without altering intravascular adhesion.

In many acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, recruitment of neutrophils plays a critical role in preventing disease severity and ensuring survival. On the other hand, neutrophil accumulation during inflammation can also favor disease progression in diseases such as autoimmune disorders, cancer or during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, blocking neutrophil influx has been considered an interesting therapeutic concept in diseases with overwhelming neutrophil responses.

Ultra-Low-Dose CTPA Using Sparse Sampling CT Combined with the U-Net for Deep Learning-Based Artifact Reduction: An Exploratory Study.

This retrospective study evaluates U-Net-based artifact reduction for dose-reduced sparse-sampling CT (SpSCT) in terms of image quality and diagnostic performance using a reader study and automated detection. CT pulmonary angiograms from 89 patients were used to generate SpSCT data with 16 to 512 views. Twenty patients were reserved for a reader study and test set, the remaining 69 were used to train (53) and validate (16) a dual-frame U-Net for artifact reduction.

Differentiating central fever from infectious fever in intracerebral haemorrhage.

Background: In addition to infectious fever, stroke-related disturbances in thermoregulation, referred to as central fever, are frequently observed in patients with stroke, particularly in those with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Rapid identification of the underlying cause of fever is crucial for treatment decisions. This study aims to identify clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters that differentiate central fever from infectious fever in patients with ICH.

ADAM23 haploinsufficiency as a putative oligogenic contributor in an individual with focal epilepsy.

Purpose: ADAM23 is involved in neuronal excitability and interacts with LGI1, a known genetic risk factor for focal epilepsy. While ADAM23 has been linked to canine seizures, a recent gene-burden meta-analysis first nominated it as a risk gene for epilepsy in humans. Building on these findings, our study aimed to explore the significance of truncating ADAM23 variants in deeply phenotyped individuals with diverse seizure disorders.

Prognostic Implications of Preoperative N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Dynamics in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Background: High levels of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reflect poor cardiac status in heart failure patients.

Objectives: This study analyzed the association of preoperative NT-proBNP dynamics with 30-day and 5-year mortality after cardiac surgery.

Methods: A consecutive cohort of 6,938 patients undergoing cardiac surgery was analyzed.

Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Psoriasis: Exploratory Analysis of Crowdsourced Web Search Data in Sweden.

Background: The nature of the relationship between psoriasis and alcohol consumption has been the topic of discussion for many years. Some studies have found that a higher intake of alcohol may be associated with a more severe manifestation of the disease. At the same time, patients with psoriasis often demonstrate elevated levels of alcohol consumption.

Impact of miR-181a on SIRT1 Expression and Senescence in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.

Background/objectives: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal genetic disease caused by a silent mutation in the LMNA gene, leading to the production of progerin, a defective prelamin A variant. Progerin accumulation disrupts nuclear integrity, alters chromatin organization, and drives systemic cellular dysfunction. While autophagy and inflammation are key dysregulated pathways in HGPS, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in these processes remains poorly understood.

Calpain in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Cinderella to Central Player.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major global health concern and a leading cause of death and disability, especially in young adults. It triggers complex secondary injury cascades, e.g.

Clinical outcomes of combined cataract surgery with iStent inject W implantation versus cataract surgery alone in patients with open-angle glaucoma: real life data in a community-based outpatient setting.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and compare intraocular pressure (IOP) change and topical IOP-lowering medication use after combined cataract surgery with iStent inject W implantation versus cataract surgery alone in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: Retrospective comparative chart review of 150 patients (150 eyes) with different types of open-angle glaucoma, who were naïve to any previous ocular procedure and underwent combined cataract surgery with iStent W implantation (100 eyes) or cataract surgery alone (50 eyes). Study outcomes were median IOP change and the mean number of topical IOP-lowering medications at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials.

Triggered by advances in atomic-layer exfoliation and growth techniques, along with the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or a few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals now constitute a broad research field expanding in multiple directions through the combination of layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary subset of those directions, where 2D materials contribute remarkable nonlinearities, long-lived and ultraconfined polaritons, strong excitons, topological and chiral effects, susceptibility to external stimuli, accessibility, robustness, and a completely new range of photonic materials based on layer stacking, gating, and the formation of moiré patterns. These properties are being leveraged to develop applications in electro-optical modulation, light emission and detection, imaging and metasurfaces, integrated optics, sensing, and quantum physics across a broad spectral range extending from the far-infrared to the ultraviolet, as well as enabling hybridization with spin and momentum textures of electronic band structures and magnetic degrees of freedom.

rTMS for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a review about training courses and materials and the presentation of the training materials of the German Society for Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry.

There is an increasing interest in the treatment of mental disorders such as depression using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Treatment guidelines for the application of rTMS are available, but they focus primarily on scientific evidence for efficacy and tolerability. Other aspects that are relevant for the training of practitioners, such as implementation in the national health system as well as organizational, formal, and practical aspects, are not covered in detail in these guidelines.

Biosynthesis of biologically active terpenoids in the mint family (Lamiaceae).

Covering: 2000 to 2025The Lamiaceae family, the sixth largest among angiosperms, is renowned for its rich diversity of terpenoids, many of which exhibit remarkable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, psychoactive, anti-cancer, and antiviral effects. Notable examples with fully elucidated biosynthetic pathways include menthol from peppermint, forskolin from blue spur flower, and carnosol from rosemary. For other key Lamiaceae terpenes-such as the anti-cancer oridonin, the psychoactive salvinorin A, and bioactive marrubiin and vitexilactone-significant progress has been made.

Sex differences in venous thromboembolism outcomes: findings from the GARFIELD-VTE registry.

Background: The association of sex with clinical outcome risk in venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unclear.

Objective: To investigate sex differences in clinical outcomes and anticoagulation effectiveness in VTE in the GARFIELD-VTE registry.

Methods: Outcomes included all-cause mortality, VTE recurrence, major and any bleeding, myocardial infarction (MI)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) over 3 years of follow-up.

Anti-CTLA-4 Treatment Abrogates Co-stimulation Blockade-induced Acceptance of Transgenic Porcine Islets in Humanized Mice.

Background: In previous studies, we showed that beta cell-specific overexpression of high-affinity variant of human CTLA-4 (LEA29Y), a high-affinity variant of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-immunoglobulin, prevented porcine islet rejection in humanized mouse models. We here investigate whether long-term xenograft function and survival is maintained after neutralization of LEA29Y-mediated co-stimulation blockade.

Methods: Diabetic humanized NOD-SCID IL2rγ-/- mice were transplanted with transgenic neonatal porcine islet-like clusters expressing LEA29Y under control of the porcine insulin promoter.

Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals.

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a fundamental process in both health and disease. We investigate its neural correlates and sources of variability using harmonized functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 2199 individuals across nine countries, including 1888 healthy individuals and 311 with anxiety-related or depressive disorders. Using mega-analysis and normative modeling, we show that fear conditioning consistently engages brain regions within the "central autonomic-interoceptive" or "salience" network.

Wearable device-based interventions in heat-exposed outdoor workers - a scoping review and an explanatory intervention model.

Background: Global climate change poses a challenge to the health prevention of heat-exposed outdoor workers. Interventions with mobile or wearable devices monitoring physiological and environmental parameters may be one solution to maintain and promote their health. Based on the recognized potential of wearables in mitigating heat stress, a detailed analysis of the contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of wearable device-based interventions is lacking.

Bayesian reconstruction of rapidly scanned mid-infrared optoacoustic signals enables fast, label-free chemical microscopy.

Hyperspectral optoacoustic microscopy (OAM) enables obtaining images with label-free biomolecular contrast, offering excellent perspectives as a diagnostic tool to assess freshly excised and unprocessed biological samples. However, time-consuming raster scanning image formation currently limits the translation potential of OAM into the clinical setting, for instance, in intraoperative histopathological assessments, where micrographs of excised tissue need to be taken within a few minutes for fast clinical decision-making. Here, we present a non-data-driven computational framework tailored to enable fast OAM by rapid data acquisition and model-based image reconstruction, termed Bayesian raster-computed optoacoustic microscopy (BayROM).

Positive impact of hydroponics and artificial light on yield and quality of wheat.

Growing crops in controlled-environment indoor farming systems offers new ways of producing high-yield, pesticide-free, environmental-friendly food. However, it replaces soil with hydroponics and the sun with LED lights. Compared with the field, wheat grown indoors showed a much higher yield potential and bread-making quality parameters.

The Escherichia coli replication initiator DnaA is titrated on the chromosome.

DNA replication initiation is orchestrated in bacteria by the replication initiator DnaA. Two models for regulation of DnaA activity in Escherichia coli have been proposed: the switch between an active and inactive form, and the titration of DnaA on the chromosome. Although proposed decades ago, experimental evidence of a titration-based control mechanism is still lacking.