Expert consensus regarding the clinical application of liver contrast-enhanced US with Sonazoid (Sonazoid CEUS).

Sonazoid, a combined blood pool and Kupffer-cell agent, can be specifically phagocytosed by Kupffer cells in the liver, allowing lesion detection and characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs) at the post-vascular phase apart from the vascular phase which is similar to that of other second-generation US contrast agents. Sonazoid CEUS is currently approved for use in some Asian countries. With the increasing use of Sonazoid CEUS for FLLs in clinical practice, developing consensus or guidelines to help standardize its use is required.

The impact of surgeons' visual angle misperception on acetabular cup positioning accuracy: a retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Background: Precise acetabular cup placement in total hip arthroplasty (THA) heavily relies on surgeons' visual judgment of angles. However, whether inherent visual angle misperception among surgeons affects surgical outcomes remains unclear. This study is the first to reveal that surgeons universally exhibit visual angle misperception, a key factor causing the cup implant positioning deviations in THA.

Impact of Urate-Lowering Therapy after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on the Long- Term Prognosis of Patients with Hyperuricemia.

Background Hyperuricemia (HUA) frequently coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The long-term impact of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) on clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), in CAD patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been determined. That was the aim of this study.

Three-dimensional-printed strontium-incorporated β-TCP bioceramic triply periodic minimal surface scaffolds with enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic properties.

Reconstructing bone defects remains a significant challenge in clinical practice, driving the urgent need for advanced artificial grafts that simultaneously promote vascularization and osteogenesis. Addressing the critical trade-off between achieving high porosity/strength and effective bioactivity at safe ion doses, we incorporated strontium (Sr) into β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds with a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure using digital light processing (DLP)-based three-dimensional (3D) printing. Systematically screening Sr concentrations (0-10 mol%), we identified 10 mol% as optimal, leveraging the synergy between the biomimetic TPMS architecture, providing exceptional mechanical strength (up to 1.

The X-Age Project to construct a Chinese aging clock.

The global surge in the population of people 60 years and older, including that in China, challenges healthcare systems with rising age-related diseases. To address this demographic change, the Aging Biomarker Consortium (ABC) has launched the X-Age Project to develop a comprehensive aging evaluation system tailored to the Chinese population. Our goal is to identify robust biomarkers and construct composite aging clocks that capture biological age, defined as an individual's physiological and molecular state, across diverse Chinese cohorts.

[Validation study of a smartwatch-based risk prediction model for respiratory tract infections].

To explore the feasibility and accuracy of predicting respiratory tract infections (RTIs) using physiological data obtained from consumer-grade smartwatches. The study used smartwatches and paired mobile applications to continuously collect physiological parameters while participants slept. A personalized baseline model was established using multi-day data, followed by the construction of RTIs risk prediction algorithm based on deviations from physiological parameter trends.

Heat stroke-induced central nervous system injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.

Heat stroke (HS), a life-threatening heat-related disorder, is characterized by a rapid elevation of core body temperature exceeding 40 °C, accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). With the escalating impact of global warming, the incidence of HS has risen progressively, posing a significant threat to global health. The CNS is one of the primary target organs in HS, and its injury mechanisms involve intricate interactions among inflammatory cascades, oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.

Strategic Design of Aptamer-Guided Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC), characterized by its heterogeneity and diverse subtypes, necessitates personalized treatment strategies. This study presents MF3Ec-TBPP nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising approach, integrating an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based photosensitizer, TBPP, with the MF3Ec aptamer to enhance targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) for Luminal A subtype BC cells. The nanoparticles also feature a 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) shell and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which stabilize the structure and inhibit singlet oxygen generation, effectively reducing off-target effects and protecting healthy tissues.

Imaging characteristics, surgical efficacy and treatment strategies for Type IIIa atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation: a retrospective comparative study with Type III.

Purpose: To investigate the images and treatment differences for Type IIIa atlantoaxial rotary dislocation (AARD) by comparing the imaging characteristics of patients with Type III and Type IIIa AARD.

Methods: The present study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 35 patients who underwent posterior C1-C2 intra-articular fusion due to AARD from our hospital database. Among them, 23 patients were diagnosed with Type III AARD, while the remaining 12 patients were diagnosed with Type IIIa AARD.

Recessive variants in TWNK cause syndromic and non-syndromic post-synaptic auditory neuropathy through MtDNA replication defects.

Recessive variants in TWNK cause syndromes arising from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion. Hearing loss is the most prevalent manifestation in individuals with these disorders. However, the clinical and pathophysiological features have not been fully elucidated.

Construction of Predictive Machine Learning Model of Glioma-Associated Gut Microbiota.

Background: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of glioma. With the evolution of artificial intelligence technology, applying AI to analyze the vast amount of data from the gut microbiome indicates the potential that artificial intelligence and computational biology hold in transforming medical diagnostics and personalized medicine.

Methods: We conducted metagenomic sequencing on stool samples from 42 patients diagnosed with glioma after operation and 30 non-intracranial tumor patients and developed a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) machine learning model to predict the glioma patients based on the gut microbiome data.

Economic burden and health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.

Background: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL), economic burden, and diagnostic and treatment status of Chinese patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) remain largely unknown. This study assessed patient characteristics, HRQoL, and economic burden among Chinese patients with MF and SS through a cross-sectional survey.

Methods: Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of MF or SS and were either currently receiving or had received disease-specific treatment within the past year.

REM Density, Leg Movements, and REM Sleep without Atonia: Differentiating Type 1 from Type 2 Narcolepsy Through Polysomnographic Analysis, a Preliminary Study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify distinct REM sleep characteristics that differentiate type 1 narcolepsy (NT1) from type 2 narcolepsy (NT2) using polysomnography (PSG), while acknowledging the need for future validation against other hypersomnia disorders.

Methods: A retrospective review included 31 patients with NT1, 21 patients with NT2, and 24 healthy participants. Each participant underwent overnight PSG and a subsequent multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) to assess REM sleep parameters including average REM density, neck myoclonus index, and leg movement index.

Recurrent cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus: A case report.

Rationale: Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma (CDL) is an exceptionally rare and morphologically unusual benign uterine leiomyoma. Its malignant-mimicking radiographic and intraoperative features pose a significant diagnostic challenge, often leading to misinterpretation and potentially overtreatment. This case is reported for its rarity and to highlight the critical importance of pathological recognition.

In vivo quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaque: A validation study on the optical coherence tomography-derived index of plaque attenuation.

Growing evidence indicates that coronary plaque instability is an independent risk factor for adverse coronary events, yet current optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment of high-risk plaque characteristics (HRPC) relies largely on qualitative interpretation. The index of plaque attenuation (IPA) is a quantitative OCT-based metric that may provide a more objective evaluation. This retrospective observational diagnostic accuracy study assessed the performance of OCT-derived IPA for HRPC detection in patients with acute coronary syndrome or stable angina, using expert consensus qualitative OCT analysis as the reference standard.

Advances in Research on Risk Factors and Development of Risk Prediction Models for Cognitive Frailty in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

This review systematically summarizes the current status of cognitive frailty in maintenance hemodialysis patients, including its prevalence, assessment and diagnostic criteria, associated risk factors, and the clinical application status and progress of related risk prediction models both domestically and internationally. The analysis aims to provide methodological references for future development and implementation of cognitive frailty risk prediction models tailored to this specific patient population.

Brain Insulin Signaling Pathway Regulation of Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in Neurocognitive Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Neurocognitive disorders represent a significant global health challenge and are characterized by progressive cognitive decline across conditions including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and diabetes-related cognitive impairment. The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory and requires intact neuroplasticity to maintain cognitive function. Recent evidence has identified the brain insulin signaling pathway as a key regulator of hippocampal neuroplasticity through multiple cellular processes including synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuronal survival.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate from Green Tea Reduces Vascular Aging and Endothelial Cell Senescence by Modifying Autophagy and Ferroptosis through the Sirtuin 1 Signaling Pathway.

Vascular aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the older individuals. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the primary active compound in green tea, exhibits cardiovascular protective effects. However, its effect and the underlying mechanism of the same on vascular aging remain unclear.

Kaempferol as a multifaceted immunomodulator: implications for inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Kaempferol (KMF) is a dietary flavonoid exhibiting profound immunomodulatory effects across multiple immune cell populations. This review synthesizes current insights into how KMF regulates diverse immune cell populations and its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and immune-related disorders. KMF exhibits multifaceted effects on T cells.

Correction: Autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis caused by LIPH mutations: a case report.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.

Progress in magnetic resonance imaging of the glymphatic system.

The glymphatic system (GS) is a newly discovered brain anatomy. Its discovery improves our understanding of brain fluid flow and waste removal paths and provides an anatomical basis for the flow of cerebral interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). GS occurs through a normal exchange within perivascular space (PVS), facilitating the elimination of metabolic wastes generated by nerve cells from the brain.

Chronic Pain and Late-Life Depression are Positively Associated in Chinese Centenarians and Oldest-Old Adults.

Aging is an inevitable process. Chronic pain and late-life depression frequently coexist in older adults. This study was aimed to explore the association between chronic pain and late-life depression in Chinese centenarians and oldest-old adults.

An Aggrecanase-Responsive Delivery Hydrogel System of miRNA-17 Facilitates Microfracture-Mediated Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Reprogramming Hostile Inflammatory Niche.

In situ articular cartilage (AC) regeneration is a meticulously coordinated process. Microfracture has been the most extensive clinical approach in AC repair, but it faces challenges such as matrix degradation, generation, and remodeling within a local inflammatory microenvironment. So far, it remains a challenge to establish a multistage regulatory framework for coordinating these cellular events, particularly the immune response and chondrocyte proliferation in microfracture-mediated AC repair microenvironments, which is crucial for promoting AC regeneration quality.

Role of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells in COPD.

Background: Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are specialized airway epithelial cells with dual sensory and secretory functions. They release bioactive mediators --including neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) --that regulate airway smooth-muscle tone, mucus production, and immune responses. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), these PNEC-derived mediators contribute to airway inflammation, remodeling, and smooth-muscle dysfunction.

Miltirone Attenuates Post-Ischemic Stroke Neuroinflammation and Microglial Lipid Metabolism via regulating LBP and TLR4/NF-κB Axis.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of neurological disability. Current therapies fail to address its multifactorial pathologies. Miltirone, a bioactive compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has shown antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential.