Activation of the Lattice Oxygen Mechanism in NiOOH as an Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: The Role of Anion Intercalation.

The lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) offers significant kinetic advantages over the adsorbed oxygen mechanism. Anion intercalation induces the LOM in NiOOH by enhancing the covalency of lattice oxygen through the modulation of the metal-oxygen electronic state. The relationships between doping mechanisms, such as the size and valence state of anions and the kinetics of the OER, have been clarified.

Development of Cyclooctyne-Nitrone Based Click Release Chemistry for Bioorthogonal Prodrug Activation both and .

The advancement of bioorthogonal cleavage platforms has emerged as a critical frontier in chemical biology, offering precise molecular liberation through physiologically compatible activation mechanisms. Despite its significant potential, ensuring efficacy typically requires rapid reaction kinetics, high-efficiency payload release, and stable reactants; however, relevant reports remain sparse. Herein, we developed a strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC)-based click-release chemistry through installation of a carbamate-linked release moiety at the propargyl position of cyclooctyne, triggering a spontaneous elimination following click cycloaddition to achieve efficient payload liberation.

A mean-field approximation-based linearization framework for network reconstruction from binary time series.

A captivating challenge in network research is the reconstruction of complex network structures from limited binary-state time series data. Although some reconstruction approaches based on dynamical rules or sparse system of linear equations have been proposed, these approaches either rely on known dynamical rules, limiting their generality, or the system of linear equations is often empirically determined, with weak interpretability and the performance being sensitive to parameter settings. To address these limitations, we propose a network reconstruction method based on linearization grounded in mean-field approximation.

Photoredox/Cobalt Cooperative Catalysis for Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Enynes.

Under visible-light photocatalysis facilitated by cobalt coordination, a highly regio- and stereoselective cycloisomerization reaction of 1,6-enynes has been developed. This method enables the efficient synthesis of various skipped 1,4-diene products with excellent stereoselectivity, using commercially available cobalt catalysts, ligands, and reagents. Notably, the reaction exhibits remarkable regioselectivity (>20:1), stereoselectivity (/ > 20:1), and high yields (58-92%) under mild conditions, along with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.

Interrupted Zeolitic Boron Imidazolate Framework with Open Metal Sites for Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) to chemicals holds significant importance for mitigating the current energy crisis. Rational design of catalytic centers within well-defined structures can effectively enhance the reaction activity and selectivity. In this study, we constructed interrupted zeolitic boron imidazolate frameworks (BIFs) featuring unsaturated coordination at the central Co ion.

An Explainable Deep Learning Model for Focal Liver Lesion Diagnosis Using Multiparametric MRI.

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of an explainable deep learning (DL) model, developed using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) features, in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of radiologists for classification of focal liver lesions (FLLs). Materials and Methods FLLs ≥ 1 cm in diameter at mpMRI were included in the study. nn-Unet and Liver Imaging Feature Transformer (LIFT) models were developed using retrospective data from one hospital (January 2018-August 2023).

Interstitial Iodine Induced Deep-Trap-Pinning Suppresses Self-Healing at the TiO/Perovskite Interface.

Defects significantly influence charge transport in CHNHPbI (MAPbI) perovskite solar cells, particularly at interfaces. Using quantum dynamics simulation, we reveal a distinct interstitial iodine (I) defect behavior at different positions in the TiO/MAPbI system. In the perovskite bulk-like region, I exhibits high mobility and dissociates detrimental iodine trimers, facilitating small-to-large polaron transition and promoting shallow trap formation.

Leveraging Language Model, Crystal Structure Prediction and First-Principles Calculation for Material Design.

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential for materials discovery in condensed matter systems, but their full utility requires both broader application scenarios and integration with ab initio crystal structure prediction (CSP), density functional theory (DFT) methods and domain knowledge to benefit future inverse material design. Here, we develop an integrated computational framework combining language model-guided materials screening with genetic algorithm (GA) and graph neural network (GNN)-based CSP methods to predict new photovoltaic material. This LLM + CSP + DFT approach successfully identifies a previously overlooked oxide material with unexpected photovoltaic potential.

A radio frequency emitter design for the low-frequency regime in atomic experiments.

Radio frequency (RF) control is a key technique in cold atom experiments. We present a compact and efficient RF circuit based on a capacitive transformer network, where a low-frequency coil operating up to 30 MHz serves as both an intrinsic inductor and a power-sharing element. The design enables high current delivery and flexible impedance matching across a wide frequency range.

Elemental analysis of molybdenum ore using charge coupled device (CCD) and intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) based LIBS systems.

Time-resolved data acquisition is crucial for compositional analysis using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). It can be managed by adjusting the delay time and gate width of the spectrometer. This study describes the compositional analysis of molybdenum (Mo) ore utilizing charge coupled device (CCD) and intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) based LIBS systems.

Economics trumps biology: Corcyra cephalonica as the optimal factitious host for cost-effective mass production of Chelonus bifoveolatus, a key parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda.

Background: The parasitoid Chelonus bifoveolatus is a promising biocontrol agent against the invasive fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, but its practical application hinges on cost-effective mass rearing. This study compares the biological performance and production economics of Ch. bifoveolatus reared on two factitious hosts (Corcyra cephalonica and Spodoptera litura) under controlled laboratory conditions.

Sulfate Promotes Amine Salt Ozonation in Atmospheric Aerosols.

Low molecular weight amines promote sulfate (SO and HSO) formation through acid-base reactions, contributing to fine particulate matter (PM). Heterogeneous ozonation converts nontoxic amine salts into highly toxic products, yet the ozonation activation mechanism is unclear. This work reveals a sulfate-dominant ozonation mechanism of amine salts in fine PM by combining advanced mass spectrometry and ab initio calculation methods.

Burden of Disease Attributable to High Systolic Blood Pressure in Young Adults: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

This study aims to fill this gap by leveraging Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) data to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the disease burden attributable to high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in young adults. Data from the Global Health Data Exchange were utilized to estimate the disease burden attributable to high SBP in young adults, stratified by overall disease, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI) level, GBD region, nation, and specific disease. In 2021, the overall disease attributable to high SBP in young adults was substantial, with approximately 24,626,362 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 477,992 deaths, and the DALYs and mortality rates were 623.

Unveiling the roles of PEX16 in female reproductive capacity and lifespan of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), in relation to PEX14.

Background: Peroxisomes are essential for the metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Their biogenesis requires peroxins encoded by the PEX genes. While the significance of PEX14 has been established in the major rice pest the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), the role of PEX16 as a peroxisome biogenesis initiator remains uncharacterized in this pest.

Na-Cl Cotransporter (SLC12A3) Inhibition Exacerbates Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via the Nrf2/HO-1 Ferroptosis Pathway.

Purpose: To explore the causal links between antihypertension drugs usage and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Multiple genetic analyses, including summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR), traditional MR, and colocalization analysis, were used to explore the causal associations between antihypertension drugs and AMD. Clinical data from the UK Biobank and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was applied to refined risk assessment of specific antihypertensive medications in the context of AMD development.

The Natural Product Osthole, Known for Its Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Properties, Potentially Binds to Amidase, Offering a Novel Approach for Controlling Tomatoes Gray Mold for the First Time.

Osthole exhibits strong inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi; however, its antifungal mechanism remains unclear. This study assessed osthole's inhibitory effects on several phytopathogenic fungi, revealing a half-maximal effective concentration of 70.03 μg/ml against the hyphal growth of .

Thoughts on the prerequisite courses for microbiology.

This paper conducts an in-depth investigation and analysis of 25 microbiology course outlines from 23 domestic universities in China, focusing on the structure of prerequisite courses. The study finds that microbiology course outlines typically include basic course information, objectives, content, teaching methods, resources, assessment, and scheduling. Reasonable prerequisite course settings are vital for clarifying logical relationships among courses in talent training programs, organizing key and challenging knowledge systems, and enhancing university course quality.

Phosvitin Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice via Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Dietary proteins have been demonstrated to alleviate ulcerative colitis. Phosvitin (PSV), a highly phosphorylated protein, possesses biological functions such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of PSV on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and its underlying mechanisms.

Complete genome sequence of NBTC-002, isolated from agricultural ecological ditches.

We presented the complete genome of NBTC-002 isolated from soil samples from ecological ditches on farmland, of which the total length is 3,799,862 bp and possesses 3,817 protein-coding sequences (CDS).

Whole-genome sequencing of K326-S isolated from tobacco.

This report presents the whole-genome sequence of K326-S ( K326-S), a soil-borne pathogenic fungus. Its genome is 51,143,096 bp with 1,153 scaffolds and 17,272 coding genes, providing valuable insights for future disease prevention and control research.

Impact of D3 lymph node dissection extent on postoperative bowel function and nutritional status in right-sided colon cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Aim And Background: This study investigates the impact of D3 lymph node dissection extent on postoperative bowel function and nutritional status in patients undergoing radical surgery for right-sided colon cancer. Given that postoperative diarrhea can significantly affect the quality of life, we examined whether dissection boundaries influence these outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted at a high-volume tertiary hospital.

Dual-arterial occlusion of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery for laparoscopic enucleation of deep-seated or broad-based pancreatic head tumors: a prospective, single-arm pilot study.

Background: Enucleation has the advantages of preserving function and avoiding pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and low-grade malignant neoplasms in the pancreatic head. However, laparoscopic enucleation (LEn) of pancreatic head tumors remains challenging in terms of bleeding control and duct integrity preservation because of the complicated blood supply to the pancreatic head and the adjacent relationships of lesions with the main pancreatic duct (MPD), especially for deep-seated or broad-based lesions. Here, we developed a novel dual-arterial occlusion technique to facilitate LEn of pancreatic head tumors and evaluated its feasibility and safety.

Post-translational modifications at the crossroads of cancer metabolism and immune regulation: therapeutic opportunities and challenges.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical modifications that occur on specific amino acid residues after protein biosynthesis, which can affect protein function by altering protein structure, localization and activity, thus expanding protein diversity. Extensive research has demonstrated that PTMs can regulate various metabolic processes, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as immune modulation in tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. In this article, we systematically review a class of emerging PTMs whose roles in tumor metabolism and immune regulation have gradually been recognized in recent years, including six types: lactylation, palmitoylation, SUMOylation, succinylation, crotonylation, and myristoylation.