Engineering triple-layer gelatin methacryloyl-alginate osteochondral construct with biomimetic curved architecture using a multi-axial, multi-process, multi-material 3D bioprinting system.

Osteochondral defects caused by trauma, obesity, tumors, and degenerative osteoarthropathies severely impair patients' quality of life. Multilayer tissue engineering scaffolds offer promising strategies for osteochondral repair by enhancing structural biomimicry. In this study, a triple-layer GelMA-alginate-based osteochondral scaffold (TCOS) was fabricated using an enhanced multi-axis, multi-process, multi-material 3D bioprinting system (MAPM-BPS).

Targeting the IRS1 macromolecular signaling node by Trienomycin a triggers cytoprotective autophagy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) lacks effective therapies due to complex macromolecular signaling networks. Here, we identified the natural compound Trienomycin A (TA) as a potent binder and degrader of the key signaling adaptor protein Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1), disrupting its macromolecular assembly in insulin-like growth pathways. Through integrated biochemical, cellular, and in vivo analyses, we demonstrated that TA directly bound the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of IRS1, inducing proteasomal degradation of this critical macromolecular hub mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW8.

Modifying the highland barley gliadin with reducing sugar grafting and enhancing its structural and functional properties.

As the primary storage protein, highland barley gliadin (HBG) exhibits limitations in the processing of highland barley foods, primarily due to its abundant non-polar amino acids. In this study, HBG was utilized to prepare sugar-HBG complexes with pentose (xylose), hexoses (glucose and galactose), and disaccharides (lactose and maltose) in an aqueous system at a pH of 11 and a temperature of 75 °C. Subsequently, the structural and functional characteristics of these complexes were evaluated.

Recent advances in emerging applications and biological activities of tea polysaccharides and their conjugates from leaves and flowers: A review.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) polysaccharides (TPS) and tea polysaccharide conjugates (TPC) are bioactive compounds found in tea leaves and flowers, attracting growing interest for their biological activities and emerging applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Despite substantial progress in tea polyphenol research, studies focusing on TPS and TPC are still relatively underrepresented. This review fills a gap in the literature by summarizing the latest advancements in the extraction, characterization, and biological effects of TPS and TPC.

Artificial nacre based on polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets constrained palladium nanocluster with enhanced mechanical properties and catalytical functionalities.

Inspired by "the composition of catechol and amine groups in the adhesive proteins" of marine mussel and "brick-and-mortar" structure of nacre, we use polydopamine (PDA) as "mortar", graphene oxides (GO) nanosheets as "brick", and Pd ions as interfacial reinforcer, to fabricate nacre-like Pd enhanced PDA functionalized GO membranes (Pd@PDA/GO) with vacuum filtration-assisted assembly method. Meanwhile, in situ reduced Pd nanoclusters by PDA chains were well constrained within the resultant Pd@PDA/GO artificial nacre composites. Good interfacial adhesion with dense packing of the GO nanosheets was further confirmed with sub-nano level microstructure characterization by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.

Oral pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula-judae: dual-method validation of absorption and distribution.

Polysaccharides encounter significant challenges in vivo pharmacokinetic studies because of their complex structures and the limitations of current detection methods, thereby impeding their development and biomedical applications. This study systematically investigated the oral absorption characteristics and tissue distribution of ME-2, a homogeneous polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula-judae, using a dual-labeling pharmacokinetic approach. First, a fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC)-based quantitative method was established to analyze plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of ME-2, demonstrating robust methodological stability (intra-/inter-day RSD < 15 %) and accuracy (recovery rate 95-103 %).

Photothermal/GSH-dual-responsive organic quantum dots enabling traceable DNA delivery.

Quantum dots, with their superior intrinsic fluorescence and photostability, are emerging as a promising option for cancer gene therapy, diagnosis, and imaging. However, low gene delivery efficiency, insufficient targeting, and responsiveness remain challenges. To address these issues, PEI-based carbon quantum dots (CPNCs) were constructed by crosslinking polyethylenimine quantum dots (PQDs) with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) via disulfide bonds.

Preparation of high-performance phenolic resin adhesives using demethylated lignin as substitutes for phenol.

Traditional phenolic resin adhesives involve the use of petrochemical-based phenol, raising environmental and health concerns. In this study, lignin was demethylated to substitute for phenol and prepare a high-lignin-content adhesive with perfect shear strength performance. The hydroxyl content of demethylated lignin can reach up to 6.

Reducing allergenicity of Trachinotus ovatus parvalbumin: Insights into digestibility and IgE-binding ability after dense phase CO₂ treatment.

Parvalbumin (PV), a thermostable and digestion-resistant fish allergen, has been shown to retain its allergenic potential following traditional treatments, thus posing a persistent allergic risk. The study investigated the digestive kinetics and IgE immunoreactivity of Trachinotus ovatus PV, a major fish allergen, under different treatments (untreated; DPCD treatment-15 MPa, 30 min, 50 °C; heat treatment), to evaluate its allergenic potential alterations. The analysis was conducted using a combination of techniques to assess the proteolytic stability and IgE-binding capacity of PV, including Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE, Western blot (WB), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and free amino group quantification.

Bio-based cellulose aerogels with liquid absorption and retention capability for sustainable personal hygiene applications.

Efficient water-absorbing and water-holding materials have shown notable promise in various applications, including hygiene products, agriculture, and drug delivery systems. Opposed to traditional absorbents prepared using synthetic polymers, bio-based, environmentally friendly efficient absorbents have attracted more attention from both academia and the industry. Herein, the aerogel absorbents from functional sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa), citric acid (CA) crosslinker, and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) have been developed via freeze-drying and cross-linking process.

Neonatal Liver-Derived FTH1-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Ferroptosis and Ameliorate MASLD Pathogenesis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a leading cause of chronic liver pathology, lacks effective therapies. This study identifies ferroptosis-a lipid peroxidation-driven, iron-dependent form of cell death-as a central pathogenic mechanism in MASLD. Integrative proteomic and histopathological analyses of human and murine MASLD livers revealed marked ferroptosis activation, characterized by dysregulated iron metabolism (reduced FTH1 and GPX4; elevated ACSL4) and oxidative stress.

Loss of hepatic ME1 ameliorates MASLD by Suppressing peroxisomal β-Oxidation and Activating Lipophagy/Lipolysis.

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an increasing global health problem in association with obesity and insulin resistance without approved pharmacotherapy. Previous studies revealed malic enzyme 1 (ME1) as a susceptibility gene for metabolic disorders in humans. However, the role and mechanisms of ME1 in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism remain largely unclear.

Multifunctional antifreeze gelatin-based ionic conductive organohydrogel coupled with electrical stimulation for monitoring and accelerated wound healing.

Introduction: Traditional hydrogels with poor mechanical properties and lack of biological activities severely limit their application in wound therapy. Designing multifunctional hydrogels for monitoring and accelerating wound healing remains imperative.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a multifunctional antifreeze ionic conductive Gel-TBA@organohydrogel with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for monitoring and wound treatment.

Microencapsulation alters pyraclostrobin degradation and reshapes soil microbial communities compared to conventional formulations.

Introduction: Microencapsulated pyraclostrobin (PYR-CS) has gained widespread adoption in agriculture owing to its extended efficacy and reduced risks for non-target organisms. However, knowledge remains limited regarding its degradation in soil and effects on soil microorganisms.

Objectives: This study investigates the hypothesis that microencapsulation alters pyraclostrobin degradation and reshapes soil microbial communities compared with conventional formulations, including emulsifiable concentrate (PYR-EC) and technical material (PYR-TC).

Dynamics of a pine wilt disease control model with nonlocal competition and memory diffusion.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is mainly spread by Monochamus alternatus (in short, M. alternatus). Woodpecker, as the natural predator of M.

Methuosis caused by dysregulated macropinocytosis, a promising tumor therapeutic strategy.

Nonapoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) has been recognized as potential alternative target for increasing chemosensitivity and augmenting antitumor efficacy. Among various types of nonapoptotic PCD, methuosis has gotten increasing attention recently, largely due to its unique morphological features and potential implications for apoptosis-resistant tumor therapy with negligible side effects. Methuosis is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization initiated by sustained macropinocytosis, concomitantly, the other cytotoxic agents from extracellular fluid can be delivered into cytoplasm of tumor cell via macropinocytosis, which can profoundly strengthen the combined antitumor efficacy.

CCTA-quantified pericornary inflammation and lipoprotein (a): Combined predictive value in non-obstructive CAD.

Objective: This study aimed to enhance major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) prediction by pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCATa) in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients when combined with lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)).

Methods: A total of 1052 patients with non-obstructive CAD were included. Detailed clinical data and CCTA features were analyzed.

Biorelevant simulation of GI variability and its impact on the release behavior of non-disintegrating formulations: A case study using DHSI-IV (NERDT) system as a novel in vitro tool.

Gastrointestinal (GI) physiological variability significantly influences dissolution and bioavailability of non-disintegrating solid drug systems. This study employed the dynamic human stomach-intestine (DHSI-IV, branded as NERDT) system to characterize how gastric emptying kinetics and intestinal environmental dynamics affect drug release, using extended-release metformin matrix tablets (Glucophage XR®) and metformin osmotic pump tablets (Nida®) as model formulations. The DHSI-IV (NERDT) system accurately simulated three fasting-state gastric emptying profiles (30-120 min complete emptying) with excellent fit to the modified Elashoff model (R = 0.

Intersecting precision fermentation for global cell-based food production innovation: Challenges and opportunities.

Precision fermentation represents an innovative cell-based production approach that employs synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools, revolutionizing global food production by utilizing "microbial cell factories" to produce added-value ingredients. However, its global implementation is hindered by technological and scalability bottlenecks, regulatory fragmentation, regional accessibility and consumer acceptance, and nutritional trade-offs challenges. This review utilizes illustrated case studies and modeling analysis to present a detailed exploration of precision fermentation intersecting with global cell-based food production, discussing actionable research gaps and insights as well as advanced bioengineering practices and analytical techniques, to address these challenges for ongoing academic research, industrial applications and policy initiatives, thus supporting the transition of fermentation-enabled food production toward efficient and sustainable manufacturing.

Advances in nanopore direct RNA sequencing and its impact on biological research.

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) is a transformative technology that enables full-length, single-molecule sequencing of native RNA, capturing transcript isoforms and preserving epitranscriptomic modifications without cDNA conversion. This review outlines key advances in DRS, including optimized protocols for mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, circRNA, and viral RNA, as well as analytical tools for isoform quantification, poly(A) tail measurement, fusion transcript identification, and base modification profiling. We highlight how DRS has redefined transcriptomic studies across diverse systems-from uncovering novel transcripts and alternative splicing events in cancer, plants, and parasites to enabling the direct detection of m6A, m5C, pseudouridine, and RNA editing events.

Supplementary Material for Projected Global Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): The Cost of Inaction Based on Data from Nine Countries.

Background And Aim: Although the clinical burden of MASH is well known, its economic burden is less well described. We estimated MASH's economic burden in several regions of the world including the US, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and United Kingdom (UK), Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil over the next two decades.

Methods: A one-year cycle Markov model projected MASH progression from 2021 to 2040, incorporating 2020 prevalent cases and annual incident cases (2021-2040).

Real-world use of terlipressin in cirrhosis and acute kidney injury: frequent use beyond hepatorenal syndrome.

Background & Aims: Terlipressin is indicated to treat hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-acute kidney injury (AKI), but is likely used outside this primary indication in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate real-world practice patterns on the use of terlipressin in AKI in cirrhosis.

Methods: International prospective study including patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis.