Interaction between airway inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by high temperatures (40 °C) and traffic-PM in mouse model.

Though epidemiological studies have shown that high temperatures and traffic-PM alone can increase the risk of asthma, there were not clear about their associated impact on asthma. This study investigated the combination effect of high temperatures (40 °C) and traffic-PM on asthma and molecular mechanism. BALB/c mice were treated with high temperature and traffic-PM.

Indole Propionic Acid Regulates Gut Immunity: Mechanisms of Metabolite-Driven Immunomodulation and Barrier Integrity.

Indole propionic acid (IPA) is a functional indole derivative produced exclusively by intestinal flora through tryptophan metabolism. Numerous studies have shown that IPA has a variety of beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, intestinal barrier protection, regulation of intestinal flora composition, and neuroprotection. IPA, as an intestinal microbial metabolite, actively participates in the establishment of intestinal immune homeostasis and positively influences the prevention and control of intestinal diseases, thereby playing an indispensable role in regulating host health.

Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of resistance and future clinical interventions.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of global cancer mortality, with therapeutic resistance constituting a major barrier to sustained clinical benefit. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a central adaptive mechanism that enables CRC cells to withstand hypoxia and therapeutic pressure, while concurrently driving resistance to chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapy. In this Review, we explore how mitochondrial metabolism contributes to therapeutic resistance, with particular emphasis on metabolic plasticity, redox balance, and organelle quality control.

Mechanistic insights into electric field-assisted nanofiltration for efficient lithium-magnesium separation.

Lithium, a pivotal resource in the new energy sector, demands the development of efficient and energy-saving lithium-magnesium separation technologies. This study employed electric field-assisted nanofiltration (E-NF) technology to achieve efficient lithium-magnesium separation. Compared with conventional nanofiltration, at a current density of 2 mA·cm, the rejection rate of Li⁺ decreased from -27.

β-elemene ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by targeting PPARα in experimental diet-induced models.

Background And Purpose: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is an escalating global health concern with few effective pharmacological treatment options available. β-elemene (ELE) is a natural product derived from Curcuma Rhizoma, which has anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its efficacy and molecular mechanism in MASH have not been elucidated.

Southern urban forest converted from orchard abandonment: a potentially important NO source driven by warm-humid climate.

In southeastern (SE) China, rapid urban expansion has expanded areas of secondary and plantation forests converted from abandoned orchards, which could be potential hotspots of nitrous oxide (NO) emissions due to experiencing historical nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications and high N deposition. However, mechanisms underlying the dynamics of soil NO emission from these lands remain poorly investigated, particularly under the significant influences of the SE Asian monsoon climate. In this work, we conducted a year-long observation and a short-term manipulation experiment to explore the factors driving soil NO emissions from an urban forest converted from abandoned orchards in a mega city of SE China.

USP13 promotes hepatic stellate cells activation and aggravates liver fibrosis through deubiquitinating SMAD3.

Background/aims: Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is key to the development of liver fibrosis. Recent studies have highlighted the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in regulating protein stability and function, closely related to liver fibrosis. In this study, we screened out a key DUB, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 13 (USP13), in HSCs activation and explored its role and underlying mechanism.

The role of glucocorticoids in hepatocellular carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

The most widespread primary liver cancer around the world is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its rising incidence and mortality rates are major challenges for public health. This study investigates the role of glucocorticoids in HCC, focusing on their associated phenotypic genes and their impact on patient prognosis. Utilizing comprehensive bioinformatics approaches, a total of 751 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 470 showing increased expression and 281 showing decreased expression in tumor samples.

KAT2B regulates estradiol synthesis via H3K27ac/PPARα in granulosa cells of PCOS patients.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the main cause of female infertility worldwide, however the aetiology of PCOS remains elusive. In our previous microarray analysis of granulosa cells (GCs), Lysine Acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B) was significantly highly expressed in GCs of PCOS patients. While KAT2B has been documented to participate in various biological processes, its specific role and mechanism in the pathogenesis of PCOS remain largely unknown.

CoN-CoO with Core-Shell Structure Coupled on Cotton Stalk Derived Carbon as Catalyst to Accelerate Hydrogen Production from Sodium Borohydride.

In the future hydrogen economy, the design of efficient catalysts with dual active sites is essential to promote catalytic hydrogen production. In this paper, CoN-CoO with core@shell structure supported on cotton stalk carbon (CoN-CoO@C) possessing dual-active sites of CoN and CoO is designed. The catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity for sodium borohydride (NaBH) hydrolysis with hydrogen evolution rate (r = 1408 mL min g ).

Quantitative assessment method for firefighting danger based on numerical simulation of forest fire spread in canyon wind fields.

Forest firefighting incidents frequently occur in mountainous and canyon regions which are characterized by complex topography, primarily because of variable local wind patterns that create conditions conducive to the spread of forest fires. This study focuses on the Muli forest fire in Liangshan Prefecture, which occurred on March 28, 2020. The WindNinja modeling software was utilized to simulate the valley wind field, whereas FARSITE modeling software was used to assess the fire spread rate, fireline intensity, and flame length.

C4d Immunoreactivity in Autoimmune and HBV-Induced Hepatitis: Implications for Complement-Mediated Hepatocellular Injury.

Background: Although immune complex formation is widely acknowledged as the etiological agent for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, reactive arthritis, etc., its roles in chronic hepatitis are less understood. This study aims to compare the immunohistochemistry profile of immune complex deposition in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Lutetium-Based Nanoprobes for Radiosensitization with Immune Microenvironment Remodeling and NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Surgery in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top five leading cancers worldwide. Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy is recommended for locally advanced CRC. Radiotherapy (RT), a traditional cancer treatment, not only controls local tumor growth but also potentially induces immunogenic cell death, initiating systemic immune responses.

MARCH8/NSUN6/ROS-mediated DNA damage positive feedback loop regulates cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents and is often characterized by resistance to chemotherapy. Although RNA 5‑methylcytosine (m5C) modification is known to contribute to tumor progression, its exact role in osteosarcoma drug resistance remains poorly understood. Here, we identify NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 6 (NSUN6) as an m5C methyltransferase that positively correlates with osteosarcoma progression.

A Modified Minimally Invasive Outside-in to All-Inside Hybrid Meniscal Suture Technique: Simple, Secure, Versatile, and Cost-Effective.

The meniscus is vital for knee joint function and stability. Treatment aims to maximize meniscal preservation. Although current mainstream repair techniques have specific indications and limitations, we describe a modified technique for repairing the anterior horn or anterior portion of the meniscal body, combining the advantages of both approaches.

The recovery mechanism of granular sludge fragmentation and re-granulation caused by long-term high-concentration organic matter erosion in the SAD process: performance, sludge evolution, and metagenomic sequencing.

The Simultaneous Anammox and Denitrification (SAD) process effectively removes organic carbon sources, the impact of high-concentration carbon sources on the SAD process remains unclear. This study investigated the performance, sludge characteristics, microbial community correlations, and metagenomic sequencing of the SAD system under conditions of excessive organic matter exposure. The results showed that the organic matter metabolism ability of SAD granular sludge increased from 90.

Downregulation of USP9X in the DG Region of the Hippocampus Leads to AD-Like Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice.

Objective: This study investigates the link between ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, aiming to identify potential targets for AD diagnosis, treatment, and drug development.

Methods: We constructed a USP9X-inhibited expression mouse model and assessed cognitive and memory functions. We also measured Tau phosphorylation and APP levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and analyzed neuronal functions, dendritic spine features, late apoptosis, and autophagy.

Synergistic cancer treatment with PCuLu nanocatalysts by inducing cuproptosis and enhancing radiotherapy.

The X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) has brought significant promise for treating deeply seated cancers in clinical settings. However, the clinical application of X-PDT remains limited, primarily due to the issues related to cancer cells' intrinsic antioxidant mechanisms and radiotherapy's low efficacy. To address these issues, this study presents a nanocatalyst-based radiosensitizer PCuLu, which is meticulously designed and constructed to enhance the effectiveness of X-PDT combined with copper-induced cell death (Cuproptosis) for tumor treatment.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Different Adipose Tissue Depots Ameliorate Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathways.

Background: Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotent cells exhibiting diverse biological properties including directional migration, paracrine signaling, immunosuppression, and anti-inflammatory effects. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are particularly valuable in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

System characteristics of integrated continuous flow simultaneous partial Nitrification, Anammox and Denitrification (SNAD) for NH-rich wastewater: performance, sludge evolution, metagenomic sequencing analysis.

The integrated process of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) is designed to achieve efficient nitrogen removal and carbon reduction. This study details the design and successful implementation of an innovative, single-piece continuous flow SNAD system for treating high concentration NH wastewater. The system leverages simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) granular sludge and employs a strategy of dosing partial nitrification sludge, alongside meticulous control of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), free ammonia (FA), and free nitrous acid (FNA) was applied to initiate the SNAD process.

Highly efficient NIR-II photothermal therapy amplified ROS oxide breast tumor therapy by mesoporous gallium-enriched platinum nanomedicine.

Rational design and exploitation of nanomaterials with superior treatment properties for suitable indications is a way out to relieve cost constraint of therapy and solve the unsatisfactory efficacy for cancer patients. In this work, in order solve the current bottleneck problems of photothermal therapy (PTT) with longer light excitation as well as synergistic eactive oxygen species (ROS) storm mediating mental element catalyst without toxic side effects. We have proposed a one-step method to produce mesoporous PtGa bimetallic composition with surface modification of PEG (PtGaP) for the first time.

The stage-specific roles of HIF-1α in regulating mESC pluripotency during oxygen transition.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cellular responses to oxygen levels. This study investigated HIF-1α's binding dynamics to the genome during the transition from normoxia to hypoxia in mouse embryonic stem cells. Analyzing HIF-1α chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data under normoxia, acute hypoxia, and stable hypoxia revealed a "bind-release-bind" pattern, with the weakest binding during acute hypoxia and the strongest during stable hypoxia.

Clinicopathological features of EBV-positive polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving central nervous system in people living with HIV.

Aim: To investigate the histomorphological, immunophenotypic and molecular pathological features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) of the central nervous system (CNS) in people living with HIV.

Methods: Seven HIV-positive patients with primary CNS lesions were retrospectively analysed. According to the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours and 2022 International Consensus Classification of mature B-cell lymphomas, these patients were pathologically diagnosed based on their H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) clonality analysis, EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and clinical data.

Performance enhancement and environmental impact of graphene oxide-fly ash hybrid on cemented waste rock backfill.

By enhancing performance and conserving resources, green materials promote the sustainability of construction projects. Controlling the cement usage of cemented waste rock backfill (CWRB) plays a central role in reinforcing effects, costs and environmental benefits for green mining construction, urgently needing new integrated strategies. This study discussed a green approach by replacing partial cement with only 0.

Study on the effect of NH on the solubility of KCl and NHCl: a microscopic view.

KCl is an important fertilizer that is used worldwide. NHCl solution is an eluent for potassium extraction from seawater using zeolite. The product solution obtained from the zeolite method for potassium extraction from seawater usually contains both potassium chloride and ammonium chloride.