Dissecting the Causal Association Between Bulimia Nervosa and Structural Brain Abnormalities: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Diverse correlations between structural brain abnormalities and the clinical feature of bulimia nervosa (BN) have been identified in previous observational studies.

Objective: To explore the bidirectional causality between BN and brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes.

Methods: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 2441 participants identified genetic variants associated with disordered eating and predicted BN, whereas UK Biobank 3D-T1 MRI data were used to analyze brain structural phenotypes.

Dispositional Mindfulness and Adolescent Mental Health Problems: The Mediation of Attentional Control and Moderation of Self-Esteem.

This three-wave longitudinal study examined the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and adolescent mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) by testing the mediating role of attentional control and the moderating role of self-esteem. 1150 adolescents ( = 15.96/0.

Vocal Repertoire of Free-Ranging Infant and Yearling Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana).

Vocal signals are the primary means of communication for most nonhuman primates. Quantitatively describing the vocal repertoire of specific species at specific age stages is a crucial step in studying their vocal communication, and it also provides a foundation for understanding the development and use of primate vocal signals. This study is the first attempt to establish a vocal repertoire for wild infant Tibetan macaques based on quantitative methods.

An Association Analysis of Anxiety and Psoriasis: Based on the NHANES Database.

Background: Psoriasis is linked with an elevated risk of anxiety disorders, and there may be a temporal relationship between the two. However, the association between anxiety status and its duration with psoriasis is unclear.

Objectives: The present work aimed to figure out the association between anxiety and the risk of psoriasis.

Long-Term Treadmill Exercise and Voluntary Running Pre-Training Attenuates Vascular Dementia-Related Pathology by Regulating Hippocampal Structural Synaptic Plasticity in a Rat Model.

Background: Clinical and basic research suggests that exercise is a safe behavioral intervention and effective in improving cognition in vascular dementia (VD). However, despite global efforts, there is still no effective method to completely cure VD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise pretreatment on typical VD pathology in a rat model, and further compare the neuroprotective impacts of different exercise modalities on VD rats.

A transition of dynamic rheological responses of single cells: from fluid-like to solid-like.

The mechanical properties of cells are crucial for elucidating various physiological and pathological processes. Cells are found to exhibit a universal power-law rheological behavior at low frequencies. While they behave in a different manner at high frequency regimes, which leaves the transition region largely unexplored.

A cross-scale analysis for the determinants of bonding dynamics on the distributions of rolling velocities of cells in microvessels.

The interplay between subcellular adhesion dynamics and cellular-scale deformations under shear flow drives key physiological and pathological processes. While both bond kinetics and fluid-cell interactions have been extensively studied in rolling adhesion, how bond characteristics quantitatively determine cellular velocity distributions remains unclear. In this study, we systematically investigate how force-free bond kinetics and intrinsic mechanical properties govern rolling adhesion dynamics, using macroscopic velocity distributions as a reference.

Long noncoding RNAs as molecular architects: Shaping plant functions and physiological plasticity.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as pivotal regulators in gene expression networks, characterized by their structural flexibility and functional versatility. In plants, lncRNAs have gained increasing attention due to accumulating evidence of their roles in modulating developmental plasticity and agronomic traits. In this review, we focus on the origin, classification, and mechanisms of action of plant lncRNAs, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in developmental processes.

A solo-LTR insertion in the CreTPS3a promoter enhances γ -terpinene biosynthesis and affects consumer preference for tangerine-like aroma in citrus fruits.

Aroma differentiation is a key trait distinguishing citrus and other horticultural crops from staple crops. However, the mechanisms and sensory features by which distinctive and various citrus-like aroma in citrus remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that γ-terpinene determines tangerine-like aroma, affects consumer preference, and has pest-repellent properties.

Redefining agroecological zones in China to mitigate climate change impacts on maize production.

This study introduces Multi-Dimensional Environment (MDE) zoning to enhance maize resilience and improve stagnant yields in China amidst climate change. Utilizing comprehensive environmental and yield data, MDE zoning accurately identifies areas for targeted, climate-adaptive breeding. The tool provides a flexible framework for updates using annual variety testing and daily environmental data, optimizing production and resource allocation.

TOX-induced lnc-SUMF2-8 compromises antitumor function and anti-PD-1 response of CD8 T cells via lysosome-dependent degradation of TCF-1.

The reduction of TCF-1 during CD8 T cell exhaustion leads to attenuated antitumor activity and diminished responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, how TCF-1 is downregulated remains unclear. Here, we showed that during CD8 T cell exhaustion, lnc-SUMF2-8, induced by transcription factor TOX, can bind to cytosolic TCF-1, and direct it to the lysosome for degradation.

Complement C4b as a Key Mediator of Synaptic Loss and Cognitive Decline in Brain Aging.

Brain aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, driven by synaptic loss, reduced synaptic function, and inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions remain unclear. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses of brain regions (cortex and hippocampus) and kidney tissues, a peripheral organ with documented age-related dysfunction.

Elesclomol-Copper combination synergistically targets mitochondrial metabolism in cancer stem cells to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, partly due to cancer stem cells (CSCs) that drive progression and treatment resistance. We explored the therapeutic potential of inducing cuproptosis, a copper-dependent regulated cell death, in CSC-enriched PDAC models. Using human and murine PDAC models, we evaluated elesclomol, a copper transport enhancer.

SlBES1-mediated brassinosteroid signaling suppresses flavonoid biosynthesis in tomato fruit.

With the improvement of living standards, consumers' demands for color diversity and nutritional quality of tomato products have increased. Flavonoid is a considerable index of peel color and nutritional quality in tomato fruit, where flavonoid biosynthesis is controlled by various phytohormones, including brassinosteroids (BRs). However, the underlying mechanism by which BR regulates flavonoid biosynthesis is still unknown.

Chargeable Hydrogels with Dual Modulatory Effects of Bacterial Killing and Immune Remodeling toward Wound Healing.

Wound infections challenge clinical medicine, and developing novel therapies is critically important in overcoming antimicrobial resistance and an off-balanced immune microenvironment. Electrical stimulation as a biocompatible, easy-to-operate, and controllable technique has great potential in eradicating pathogens and modulating the immune system. However, safe and soft platforms that integrate both bactericidal and immunological modulatory effects of electrical stimulation are rarely reported.

Identification of a novel variant in gene in a patient with 46, XX disorders of sex development.

Objective: To expand the clinical phenotype associated with MYRF mutations in disorders of sex development (DSDs).

Methods: We present a case of a 17-year-old patient with a female phenotype who presented with primary amenorrhea.

Results: The patient's external genitalia was entirely female in appearance, though there was no opening of vagina below the orifice of urethra.

Visual outcomes and cost-utility analyses of toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract patients over 80 with corneal astigmatism: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess visual and refractive outcomes and cost utility of toric intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation in cataract patients over 80 with corneal astigmatism.

Methods: Patients >= 80 years with corneal astigmatism >= 1.50 diopters (D) who underwent cataract surgery with toric or monofocal IOLs were enrolled.

Reduced phenological differences under nitrogen enrichment facilitate invasion by a late-growing plant.

Although invasion success is often attributed to the early phenology of the invader, many late-growing invaders also thrive in resource-enriched environments. However, the mechanism behind this paradox remains poorly understood. Here, we tested how nitrogen (N) enrichment influences competition between the late-growing invader Spartina alterniflora and the early-growing native Phragmites australis in a coastal salt marsh.

Tellurium-Nitrogen-Carbon Support Boosting Platinum Catalysis in High-Efficiency Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cells necessitates optimization of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under high-voltage conditions through improved Pt catalysis. This study introduces an electrocatalyst that uniformly anchors a high loading (40 wt%) of small Pt nanoparticles (3.2 nm) on a novel support: tellurium and nitrogen co-mediated graphitized mesoporous carbon (Te-N-GMC).

High-Performance Anion Exchange Membranes with π-π Stacking and Hydrogen Bonding Bifunctional Units.

Strong intermolecular interactions facilitate the formation of efficient ion transport channels, which, in turn, significantly boost the performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Herein, 9-anthracene methanol with both π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces is used as a bifunctional unit to synthesize high-performance AEMs through the Friedel-Crafts superacid catalytic reaction for the first time. The π-π stacking in the bifunctional units can induce hydrophilic pyridine cations to aggregate, and the hydrogen bonding can provide transport sites for OH and water molecules in the hydrophobic component.

Sucrose-Induced Transcription Factor IjSUSIBA2 Fine-Tunes Growth Transition Through the IjSVL2-IjFLCL1 Module in Evergreen Irises.

Sugar metabolism is commonly implicated as crucial in the transition between growth and cessation during winter; however, its exact role remains elusive. The evergreen iris (Iris japonica) ceases growth in winter without entering endodormancy, yet it continues to sustain sugar metabolism and transport throughout the season. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the sugar-mediated growth transition-the shift between growth and cessation-in I.

Crystallization-Engineered Single-Crystal T-NbO Whiskers with Nearly 100% Exposed Vertical (001) Facets for Li-Ion Storage.

Tailoring the crystalline structure and facet orientation of T-NbO anode electrodes is pivotal for optimizing the Li transport kinetics. Herein, a crystallization engineering strategy is employed to synthesize urchin-like T-NbO microspheres composed of single-crystalline whiskers growing along the (001) orientation. These whiskers are characterized by nearly 100% exposed vertical (001) facets that accelerate Li diffusion.

Dental Educators' Stress and Wellbeing in the Workplace-An International Perspective.

Introduction: Supporting wellbeing of staff involved in dental education is vital to ensure the safe effective delivery of the curriculum and training of the dental workforce. There are only a limited number of studies on the stress and wellbeing of staff involved in dental education and the barriers they face in engaging with any wellbeing services provided. To plan strategies for the promotion of staff wellbeing, it is important to identify these and the barriers faced by staff.

Asymmetrically Coordinated CoN Sites with Enhanced Oxidase-like Activity for Dual-Mode Colorimetric Sensing of Nitrite.

The design of efficient and user-friendly methods for nitrite detection is of great significance owing to its critical role in food safety and environmental protection. Herein, we report a novel cobalt single-atom nanozyme (CoN SA) featuring a highly asymmetric CoN coordination environment. This structural configuration stabilizes high-spin Co species and significantly enhances the oxidase-like activity.

Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Annulation of -Cyanamide Alkenes with Unsaturated α-Halogenocarbonyls.

A visible-light-induced cascade annulation of -cyanamide alkenes with unsaturated α-halogenocarbonyls for the facile synthesis of piperidino-quinazolinone derivatives has been developed. This transformation simultaneously constructs three C-C bonds, one C-N bond, and three cyclic structures through a cascade process involving alkyl radical addition to alkene followed by three radical annulations. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and demonstrates a high bond-forming efficiency.