Recent advances in colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors.

The colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), also known as CD115 and M-CSF-R, belongs to the family of type III receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Its natural ligands include Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) and Interleukin-34 (IL-34). CSF1R-mediated signaling regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cell populations throughout the body, including microglia, and it triggers the complex signaling networks downstream from RTKsleading to the activation and inhibition of multiple gene.

Efficacy of sildenafil combined with statins in treating pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Aims: This study aims to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of combining sildenafil with statins for managing pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD. By conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis, we seek to provide robust evidence to inform and optimize clinical decision-making for this challenging condition.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed across various databases, such as CNKI, VIP Data, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, to identify RCTs that assess the effectiveness of sildenafil and statins in combination for treating PH secondary to COPD.

PPARδ Orchestrates a Prometastatic Metabolic Response to Microenvironmental Cues in Pancreatic Cancer.

Unlabelled: The pronounced desmoplastic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contributes to the development of a microenvironment depleted of oxygen and nutrients. To survive in this hostile environment, PDAC cells use various adaptive mechanisms that may represent therapeutic targets. In this study, we showed that nutrient starvation and microenvironmental signals commonly present in PDAC tumors activate PPARδ to rewire cellular metabolism and promote invasive and metastatic properties both in vitro and in vivo.

Preparation and Performance of PAN/PS/PMMA Ternary Blend-Modified Fiber Membranes via Centrifugal Spinning for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Addressing the issues of poor thermal resistance in conventional polyolefin separators and the low production efficiency of electrospinning, this study innovatively employed high-efficiency centrifugal spinning technology to fabricate a ternary blended modified fiber membrane composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polystyrene (PS), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). By precisely adjusting the polymer ratio (8:2:2) and fine-tuning the spinning process parameters, a separator with a three-dimensional network structure was successfully produced. The research results indicate that the separator exhibited excellent overall performance, with a porosity of 75.

Impact of carrier injection and recombination on the -3 dB bandwidth for GaN-based VCSELs.

In this study, we investigate the impact of the carrier transport and recombination on frequency response capability for GaN-based vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs). The carrier transport and recombination are manipulated by using composition-gradient quantum barriers and a p-type electron-blocking layer. The alloy composition-gradient approach is able to generate polarization bulk charges that favor the polarization self-screening effect to reduce the electric field at heterojunctions.

Accumulation of GSK-3β in Interneurons Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Inhibiting GABAergic Transmission.

The activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and the deterioration of spatial memory represent prominent pathological and clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the precise intrinsic mechanisms linking these pathological features remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we identified significant upregulation of GSK-3β activity in inhibitory interneurons within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of 3×Tg-AD mice.

Using human genetics to understand the epidemiological association between neuroticism and lung cancer.

Background: Neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by emotional instability, has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer (LC). However, the genetic underpinnings of this association remain poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively dissect the genetic link underlying neuroticism and LC.

Optimization of Ni-B-Mo Electroless Coating on GCr15 Steel: Effects of Main Salt Concentration and Deposition Time.

GCr15 bearing steel is widely used in the textile, aerospace, and other industries due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, traditional electroless Ni-B coatings can no longer meet the growing demand for a long service life under high-speed and heavy load conditions. This study focused on depositing Ni-B-Mo alloy coatings on GCr15 steel.

Step-wise coupling discrete memristive chaotic map.

With specific nonlinearity, discrete memristors can form excellent chaotic systems through different coupling models. This work proposes a step-wise coupling method for constructing a mapping model. Based on second-order coupling, a novel trigonometric step-wise discrete memristive (TSDM) map is constructed by coupling a sine discrete memristor with a cosine discrete memristor.

Targeting FLT3 for treating diseases: FLT3 inhibitors.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expressed mainly in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and often mutated in hematological tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A variety of FLT3 inhibitors have been approved and adopted for the treatment of AML. However, these suffer resistance problems, and further studies are needed.

DM_CorrMatch: a semi-supervised semantic segmentation framework for rapeseed flower coverage estimation using UAV imagery.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) inflorescence coverage is a crucial phenotypic parameter for assessing crop growth and estimating yield. Accurate crop cover assessment is typically performed using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in combination with semantic segmentation methods.

Discovery of therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C).

Epigenetic changes have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, epigenetic inheritance based on spatial changes has gradually attracted attention. Alterations in three-dimensional chromatin structures have been shown to regulate gene expression and influence disease onset and progression.

Expression and mechanism of PRDXs family in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Our study mainly focused on exploring the expression and mechanism of PRDXs family members in OSCC, as well as the diagnostic and prognostic monitoring value of PRDXs family members in OSCC.

Method: We used bioinformatics tools to perform and visualize gene differential analysis on OSCC, analyse the expression of PRDXs family members in OSCC, and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic monitoring value of PRDXs family members in OSCC patients. We utilized UALCAN, Cbioportal, and STRING websites to analyze the expression and gene mutations of the PRDXs family in pan-cancer, as well as the correlation of PRDXs family members.

Protocol for the creation and utilization of 3D pancreatic cancer models from circulating tumor cells.

We introduce a protocol for generating 3D organoids from circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enabling longitudinal functional and molecular analyses in pancreatic cancer patients, including those with unresectable disease, which constitutes the majority of cases. We outline the process for isolating and characterizing CTCs from the blood of pancreatic cancer patients and provide detailed instructions for initiating, passaging, and phenotyping CTC-derived organoids. Additionally, we describe techniques for utilizing these organoids in drug screening with a focus on stemness-related pathways.

A clinical model to predict brain metastases in resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Despite the rising diagnosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there remains a limited understanding of the risk factors associated with postoperative brain metastases in early-stage NSCLC. Our goal was to identify the risk factors and construct a predictive model for postoperative brain metastases in this population.

Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled patients with resected stage I-II NSCLC at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital from January 2015 to January 2021.

DYRK1A-TGF-β signaling axis determines sensitivity to OXPHOS inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Intervening in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for certain types of cancers. Employing kinome-based CRISPR screen, we find that knockout of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) synergizes with OXPHOS inhibitor IACS-010759 in liver cancer cells. Targeting DYRK1A combined with OXPHOS inhibitors activates TGF-β signaling, which is crucial for OXPHOS-inhibition-triggered cell death.

Targeting XPO1 for fighting relapsed/refractory diseases: The research progress of XPO1 inhibitors.

XPO1 is an influential member of the nuclear transporter protein family. The proteins and RNA transported by XPO1 are related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, including refractory tumor diseases and various viral infectious diseases. XPO1 is upregulated in many malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognosis.

Targeting the immune privilege of tumor-initiating cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) possess the ability to evade anti-tumor immunity, potentially explaining many failures of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we identify CD49f as a prominent marker for discerning TICs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), outperforming other commonly used TIC markers. CD49f-high TICs specifically recruit tumor-promoting neutrophils via the CXCL2-CXCR2 axis and create an immunosuppressive milieu in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Insights into sex differences in perioperative outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: The appreciation of sex differences is substantial for precise cancer management. Surgery is the main treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to identify sex differences on perioperative outcomes in NSCLC patients and to uncover the origins of sex effect in outcomes using a Chinese cohort.

Heterogeneity and prognosis of single organ metastases in gastric cancer.

Background: While single organ metastases generally present a more optimistic prognosis compared to multiple metastases, the influence of the specific organ site for single organ metastases on prognosis remains undetermined. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences in late-stage gastric cancer with single organ metastasis.

Methods: Data for patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for survival analysis, covering years spanning from 2010 to 2016.

A multi-level investigation of the genetic relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and lung cancer.

Background: Observational studies have revealed a potential association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and lung cancer (LC), but the genetic role in their comorbidity have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively dissect the genetic link underlying GERD and LC.

Methods: Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we investigated shared genetic architecture between GERD and LC.

MiR-1307-5p enhances fibroblast transdifferentiation to exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through regulating FBXL16/HIF1α axis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible and progressive chronic inflammatory lung disease which affects millions of people worldwide. Activated fibroblasts are observed to accumulate in lung of COPD patients and promote COPD progression through aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. In this study, we identified that miR-1307-5p expression was significantly increased in lung fibroblasts derived from COPD patients.

Angiopoietin-like 4 facilitates human aortic smooth muscle cell phenotype switch and dysfunctions through the PI3K/Akt signaling in aortic dissection.

Purpose: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switch and dysfunctions have been reported to participate in aortic dissection (AD) progression. This study was aimed to investigate the role of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in regulating VSMCs phenotype switch.

Materials And Methods: Key genes were analyzed in AD using public datasets, and it was found that the central differential gene ANGPTL4 was up-regulated in AD.

A case of metachronous triple primary carcinoma complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis: Case report and review.

Rationale: Multiple primary malignant neoplasms with tuberculosis are rare. The interaction between tuberculosis and tumor remains unclear. Moreover, the treatment of multiple primary tumors combined with tuberculosis is relatively complicated.