Fine-tuning non-fullerene acceptors with halogenation and silicon incorporation for high-performance organic solar cells.

Three novel Y-series NFAs (HSi, FSi, ClSi) with 2D side chain modifications were synthesized to study effects on photovoltaic performance. Halogenation altered molecular packing and energy levels, impacting efficiency. HSi exhibits balanced crystallinity and stacking, resulting in a reduction of non-radiative energy loss to 0.

Innovative staining for endoscopic screening of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions: a preclinical study.

Background: Lugol's iodine staining (LIS) solution is used to assist in esophageal chromoendoscopy. Mucosal irritation often results in uncomfortable symptoms and the risk of allergy. In the present study, we developed an extremely low-irritation, easy-to-use mucosal staining solution using polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I).

Integrin α5 is involved in immune defense by regulating hemocyte phagocytosis in shrimp.

The role of integrins in cell adhesion and immune functions is well established, however, their specific involvement in shrimp immunity remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the integrin α5 (PvIntα5) gene from Penaeus vannamei and investigated its role in immune responses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvIntα5 shares high sequence similarity with integrin proteins from other species.

P38 MAPK regulates phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi by hemocytes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Phagocytosis, the process by which a cell engulfs and ingests larger foreign particles, is important for aquatic invertebrates to defense against pathogen infection. The giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is the world's largest freshwater shrimp and is of economic importance to aquaculture. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate multiple signalling pathways and are involved in a variety of biological processes.

Oral RNAi delivery for targeting Ftz-F1β/JAK-STAT signaling axis to boost shrimp immunity against pathogen infection.

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is crucial for antiviral and antibacterial immune responses, as it regulates the expression of a set of immune-related genes in response to pathogen infection. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), a key negative regulator of JAK-STAT signaling, modulates the immune response to prevent excessive activation. The current study identified a fushi tarazu F1β (FTZF1β)-mediated JAK-STAT signaling suppression axis in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, the world's most produced aquaculture shrimp.

Assessing the Tolerance of Spotted Longbarbel Catfish as a Candidate Species for Aquaculture to Ammonia Nitrogen Exposure.

The spotted longbarbel catfish, , a nationally protected Class II species in China, faces increasing threats from habitat degradation. Recently, the spotted longbarbel catfish has gained attention as a promising aquaculture species, not only for its premium flesh quality but also for its potential role in conservation through sustainable captive breeding programs. Ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) is a ubiquitous byproduct of intensive farming and serves as the primary environmental stressor confronting aquatic species.

Involvement of the PRDX family and its clinical functions in different types of gastrointestinal cancer (Review).

Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) is a large and highly conserved family of peroxidases, which can maintain the dynamic balance of intracellular oxidative stress levels based on the degradation of the hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and lipid peroxides, among others. Additionally, PRDXs are expressed with varying levels in almost all tumor tissues and cells, and they can regulate the downstream signaling cascades by modulating intracellular peroxide levels in tumor cells, alongside the participation during the modulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, differentiation and other cellular biological behaviors. It has been revealed that the PRDXs family exhibits crucial functions in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer, but a systematic summary was lacking in relevant studies.

Novel thiophene[3,4-]thiophene-based polymer acceptors for high-performance all-polymer solar cells.

This work developed three thiophene[3,4-]thiophene-based polymer acceptors using a polymerized small-molecule acceptor strategy. The thiophene π-bridge integration and optimized side-chains enhanced the device performance. The PM6:PYF-EF binary devices achieved 17.

microRNA-34 mediates a negative feedback loop in the JAK-STAT pathway to attenuate immune overactivation in an invertebrate.

The JAK-STAT pathway is an essential signaling mechanism that initiates immune responses against pathogen infections. The intrinsic homeostatic regulation of JAK-STAT signaling is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the invertebrate JAK-STAT pathway leads to inflammation-like symptoms.

Auricular malformations are driven by copy number variations in a hierarchical enhancer cluster and a dominant enhancer recapitulates human pathogenesis.

Enhancers, through the combinatorial action of transcription factors (TFs), dictate both the spatial specificity and the levels of gene expression, and their aberrations can result in diseases. While a HMX1 downstream enhancer is associated with ear malformations, the mechanisms underlying bilateral constricted ear (BCE) remain unclear. Here, we identify a copy number variation (CNV) containing three enhancers-collectively termed the positional identity hierarchical enhancer cluster (PI-HEC)-that drives BCE by coordinately regulating HMX1 expression.

Synergistic Interface Engineering via o-Difluorobenzene-Mediated HPWO Crystallization and ITO Fluorination for 20.57% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells.

Interfacial energy loss is a critical challenge in achieving high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs), primarily due to mismatched energy levels and inefficient charge collection. Herein, a bifunctional interface engineering strategy is proposed, employing an ethanol/o-difluorobenzene (EtOH/o-DFB) dual-solvent system for phosphotungstic acid (HPWO) processing. During film formation, o-DFB regulates HPWO crystallization by suppressing excessive aggregation, while enabling in situ ITO fluorination through the adsorbed o-DFB.

Optimizing Molecular Packing and Interfacial Contact via Halogenated N-Glycidyl Carbazole Small Molecules for Low Energy Loss and Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Nonideal interfacial contact and non-radiative voltage loss in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)-based inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) limit their further development. Herein, two carbazole-based molecules with different halogen atoms (X-OCZ, X = Cl or Br) are developed as efficient interfacial regulators. The halogen effect not only finely modulates the molecular packing, crystallinity, and surface contact potential of the MeO-2PACz analogue via self-induced intermolecular interactions but also significantly influences the subsequent crystal growth of perovskite, thus resulting in the formation of high-quality films with enhanced crystallinity, improved energy level alignment, and depressed non-radiative recombination.

Retarding the Growth Kinetics of Chemical Bath Deposited Nickel Oxide Films for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Minimodules.

The interfacial contact between the hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite layer plays a critical role in determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, to address the limitations of commercial NiO nanoparticles and realize low temperature fabrication of compact NiO film, a chemical bath deposition (CBD) approach is employed and strategically modified. By introducing an amino-alcohol ligand of triisopropanolamine (TPA) into the precursor, the deposition process is effectively controlled.

Different Sized Cycloalkyl Chains on Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enhance Molecular Packing, Film Morphology and Charge Transport for 19.62% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells.

This work addresses the challenge of achieving advanced fibril morphology of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in layer-by-layer organic solar cels (LBL-OSCs) by cycloalkyl chain strategy, focusing on ta series of Y6-type NFAs, namely BTP-C6, BTP-C8 and BTP-C12, featured with cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl and cyclododecyl chains with increasing steric hindrance. These side chains influenced significantly molecular planarity, packing and film morphology, which are critical for device performance. BTP-C6 exhibits optimal molecular packing and fibril network morphology, enabling efficient exciton dissociation, charge transport and balanced carrier mobilities, finally achieving PCEs of 19.

Achieving Finely Optimized Morphology and Highly Efficient Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells via Fluorinated Quinoxaline-Based Polymer Additives.

Vertical phase-separated active layer morphology is essential for organic solar cells (OSCs), which can be effectively achieved through layer-by-layer (LbL) processing, enabling independent optimization of donor and acceptor layers. Here, we present a novel strategy to optimize the active layer morphology of D18/L8-BO-based OSCs by incorporating polyfluoroquinoxaline-type polymer additives. Three quinoxaline-based polymers with varying fluorination contents, namely, P2FQx, P3FQx, and P4FQx, were synthesized and evaluated.

Single‑cell RNA‑Seq reveals PBMC profile alterations in a patient following a radiation accident.

Nuclear technology has been extensively used in various fields, increasing the possibility of radiation exposure to humans. Radiation exposure outcomes may be classified as whole-body irradiation or local irradiation. Clinically, local irradiation refers to the exposure of a relatively limited portion of the body, with injury confined to the directly exposed tissues.

Expression and mechanism of PRDXs family in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Our study mainly focused on exploring the expression and mechanism of PRDXs family members in OSCC, as well as the diagnostic and prognostic monitoring value of PRDXs family members in OSCC.

Method: We used bioinformatics tools to perform and visualize gene differential analysis on OSCC, analyse the expression of PRDXs family members in OSCC, and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic monitoring value of PRDXs family members in OSCC patients. We utilized UALCAN, Cbioportal, and STRING websites to analyze the expression and gene mutations of the PRDXs family in pan-cancer, as well as the correlation of PRDXs family members.

Double Hole Transport Layers Enable 20.42% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by Aggregation Control of Self-Assembled Molecules on Cobalt Salt Surfaces.

Heterojunction interfaces play a crucial role in charge carrier transport, influencing the overall photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite the importance, advancements in interfacial engineering, especially in optimizing the microstructure and nanomorphology, have not kept pace with research on photoactive layers. In the study, a strategy is explored to control the self-assembly growth of alcohol-soluble Me-4PACz (4P) used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in OSCs.

The role and mechanism of RLR innate immune signaling pathway in long-term AAV infection.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy represents a promising approach for treating genetic disorders. However, challenges remain in achieving stable transgene expression and mitigating liver injury during long-term therapy. Previous studies have implicated the activation of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which detect double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), as a potential inhibitor of transgene expression.

Integrative multi-omics analysis of radionuclide-induced intestinal injury reveals the radioprotective role of L-citrulline through histone H3-mediated Cxcl3.

Background: The widespread application of nuclear technology has markedly heightened the risk of extensive, uncontrolled exposure to radiation. Nevertheless, in contrast to external irradiation, the biological impacts and countermeasures against internal irradiation from radionuclides remain inadequately characterized.

Methods: Mice were administered yttrium-90 (Y90) carbon microspheres via gavage at different dosages (0-5.

Mechanisms of haze influencing phase distribution and human exposure to airborne flame retardants with different uses: Emission, partition, and dry deposition.

This study elucidated the mechanisms governing variations in the occurrence and human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) with diverse applications on haze days. The high atmospheric stability on haze days converts the atmospheric environment into a closed system, where local emissions (LM), gas-to-particle transport (GPT), and dry deposition of particles (DP) determine the fate and destination of FRs. When LM < GPT and DP, FRs are removed by DP, thereby decreasing human exposure.

AggNet: Advancing protein aggregation analysis through deep learning and protein language model.

Protein aggregation is critical to various biological and pathological processes. Besides, it is also an important property in biotherapeutic development. However, experimental methods to profile protein aggregation are costly and labor-intensive, driving the need for more efficient computational alternatives.

Excessive activation of JAK-STAT signaling contributes to inflammation induced by acute infection in shrimp.

Uncontrolled immune responses resulting from overactivated cellular signaling pathways, leading to inflammation and tissue injury, are a major cause of death in pathogen-infected individuals. This phenomenon has been well studied in mammals but is less explored in invertebrates. Bacteria of the genus are among the most harmful pathogens to humans and aquatic animals.

25.91%-Efficiency and Durable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Multifunctional Molecule Mediated Precursor Engineering.

The stability of the precursor is essential for producing high-quality perovskite films with minimal non-radiative recombination. In this study, methionine sulfoxide (MTSO), which features multiple electron-donation sites, is strategically chosen as a precursor stabilizer and crystal growth mediator for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). MTSO stabilizes the precursor by inhibiting the oxidation of iodide ions and passivates charged traps through coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions.

A novel perlucin with immune regulatory functions protects Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.

C-type lectins (CTLs), a class of carbohydrate-recognizing glycoproteins, play a vital role in immune response against bacterial infection. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major bacterial pathogen in shrimp, causing huge economic losses to shrimp farming. The role of the CTL family in anti-V.