Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate macrophage polarization and pyroptosis through the TLR9-NF-κB/AIM2 pathway exacerbating myositis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Previous studies by our research group have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a pathogenic role in myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD). Based on this, we hypothesized that NETs may contribute to the pathogenesis of IIM-ILD by regulating macrophage polarization and pyroptosis.

Methods: Pathological studies were conducted using lung biopsy samples from a dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD) patient and lung tissues from experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) mice.

The safety and feasibility of telerobotic cholecystectomy via a 5G network: a prospective controlled clinical trial.

Background: Since advances in the fifth-generation (5G) communication technology have effectively facilitated the development of robotic telesurgery, the popularity of telerobotic operations has increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of robotic telecholecystectomy with a 5G wireless network using a new domestic robotic surgical system.

Methods: This study is a prospective controlled clinical trial.

Preparation, characterization and theoretical calculation of a cadmium complex of 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4-carboxylate and 1, 10-phenanthroline.

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid metal cadmium complex [Cd (MCA)2(Phen)(H2O)] (MCA = 3-hydroxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid anion; Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized by solvothermal method and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex exhibits a two-dimensional structure through hydrogen bonding and π···π packing interactions. Solid state photoluminescence spectra show that they exhibit red emission bands at 616 nm, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that they are ligand-to-ligand charge transfers.

Experimental study on optical isolation characteristics of SF for a high-repetition-rate nanosecond CO laser.

We studied the isolation capability of a flow gas saturable absorption isolator for a high-repetition-frequency short pulse small-signal optical noise. The experimental results show that the bottleneck effect of the V-T process limits the high-frequency isolation performance of a static gas. By optimizing the gas flow velocity, and and buffer gas pressure, the small-signal isolation degree of the saturable absorption isolator is 15 dB, the main pulse insertion loss is less than 10%, and the isolation recovery time is about 100 ns.

The effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP): a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies involving 50 million pregnancies.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is a prevalent pregnancy complication worldwide, and the dose-response association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has not been precisely studied. The aim of this study was to assess dose-response association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Methods: This dose-response meta-analysis searched four electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of science, OVID Embase and OVID Medline) for relevant publications up to October, 2023.

Plasma-derived circALG8 and circCAMTA1 as a panel for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Endogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the progression of cancer. This study aims to identify and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the newly found circALG8 and circCAMTA1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified through plasma circRNA sequencing, followed by validation in NSCLC tissues and plasma samples using RT-qPCR.

Extracellular histone H3 induces macrophage inflammation in acute liver failure via HDAC2 activation and PKM2 subcellular relocalization.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with limited therapeutic options beyond liver transplantation. Extracellular histones, released from dying or activated cells as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), exert concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and can activate immune cells to trigger inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the impact of extracellular histone H3 on macrophage function during ALF and explored the underlying mechanisms using both in vivo and in vitro models.

[Remote Sensing Assessment of Ecosystem Health and Its Key Driving Factors： A Case Study of the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River].

The Yangtze River Middle Reaches Urban Agglomeration， is a crucial city cluster in central China and plays an important role in promoting urban biodiversity conservation and sustainable development through its ecosystem health. Based on multisource remote sensing data， a comprehensive "Vigor-Organization-Resilience" model was used to systematically evaluate urban ecosystem health. Further， the geographic convergence cross-mapping （GCCM） model was employed to identify key driving factors of ecosystem health and reveal the causal relationships between ecosystem health and its drivers.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis From 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2050: A Finding From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a widespread liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus, affecting 296 million people globally. The disease often progresses to severe conditions such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of CHB-related cirrhosis from 1990 to 2021 and projected the disease development from 2022 to 2050.

Dosing prediction of valproic acid in pediatric patients with epilepsy: population pharmacokinetic model or machine learning model?

Purpose: This study develops and compares population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) models and machine learning methods, including neural networks, to predict steady-state trough concentrations in pediatric patients and provide improved dosing recommendations.

Methods: Valproic acid concentration data were collected from 490 pediatric epilepsy patients treated at Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Beijing Children's Hospital. We developed predictive models employing PopPK, maximum a posteriori Bayesian (MAPB), multiple linear regression (MLR), machine learning (including Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM for feature selection), and neural network techniques.

Physical fitness is associated with fat mass and muscle mass in Chinese preschoolers.

Background: Physical fitness and body composition in preschool years are crucial for health. However, the association between them in preschool children is not yet fully understood. This research examines the link between physical fitness and body composition in Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years.

Ultrasound combined with pH-shifting improved the emulsification and stability of coconut meal protein isolate by modifying physicochemical properties and intermolecular forces.

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound combined with acidic/alkaline pH-shifting (U-C/U-K) and acidic/alkaline pH-shifting combined with ultrasound (C-U/K-U) on the physicochemical properties and emulsification performance of Coconut Meal Protein Isolate (CMPI). The results demonstrated that these modification treatments reduced the particle size and polydispersity index of CMPI, increased its net charge, and improved its solubility, except in the group subjected to the ultrasound followed by acid pH-shifting (U-C). These modifications also promoted the conversion of disulfide bonds into free sulfhydryl groups.

The FMO3/TMAO/HSP90β axis aggravates MAFLD by disrupting mitochondrial protein homeostasis.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite generated through the cooperation of gut microbiota and liver, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that TMAO promotes lipid deposition in both in vivo and in vitro models.

Evaluation of Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics for Prediction of Heart Failure in Individuals with A Full Range of Glucose Metabolism Profiles.

Aims: Individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism are at a significantly higher risk of developing heart failure (HF). However, strategies for early identification of HF in this high-risk population remain inadequate. This study aimed to identify plasma protein biomarkers associated with HF development and construct predictive models to identify at-risk individuals.

IDH1/MDH1 deacetylation activates the cGAS-STING pathway by promoting NETosis in acute liver failure.

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease caused by multiple factors. Our previous study shows that IDH1/MDH1 deacetylation aggravates ALF through NETosis (a new mode of cell death). However, the exact mechanism by which NETosis mediates ALF is still unclear.

Taurolidine inhibits influenza virus infection and prevents influenza-induced cytokine storm, vasoconstriction and lung damage.

Influenza virus causes worldwide outbreaks and seasonal epidemics, posing a severe threat to public health and social development. Effective prevention and treatment of influenza infections remain major challenge for global healthcare. In this study, we observed that taurolidine effectively inhibited the proliferation of several human or animal influenza virus strains and protected mice from lethal-infection.

Characterization of temporal expression of immune genes in female locust challenged by fungal pathogen, sp.

Introduction: The innate immune system provides defense against invading pathogens in insects and mammals.

Methods: We conducted transcriptomic analyses of the locust under infection to clarify temporal variation in its molecular immune response.

Results: We found that fat body cells and hemocytes play different roles in the immune response of locusts to infection at different time points after inoculation, and melanization was the main process underlying the immune response of female locusts.

Maternal Myo-Inositol Deficiency Involved Autophagy Impairment by PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in Neural Tube Defects During Pregnancy.

Previous studies have demonstrated that peri-conceptional inositol supplementation could effectively ameliorate the recurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs); though, the mechanism remains unclear. In the current investigation, we detected the myo-inositol (MI) levels in maternal plasma and embryonic tissues in a Chinese population with high prevalence of NTDs and found maternal MI deficiency increased NTD susceptibility in this area. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 2 groups.

Preclinical Efficacy and Safety of an Oncolytic Adenovirus KD01 for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer.

: While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the first-line therapy for high-risk bladder cancer, 30-40% of patients develop treatment resistance necessitating radical cystectomy, some are not suitable candidates for this procedure. This underscores the critical need for novel therapeutic approaches. Emerging clinical evidence has increasingly supported the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses in bladder cancer treatment.

Calcium-dependent levels of phospholamban pentamer in native heart membranes reflect interactions of monomers with calcium-free SERCA2a.

Background: In sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes, phospholamban (PLB) exists in an equilibrium of non-inhibitory homopentamers (PLB) and inhibitory monomers (PLB) that bind to SERCA2a. A new approach is needed to determine the full scheme of interactions between PLB and SERCA2a in native cardiac SR membranes, which remains poorly understood.

Methods: Dog cardiac SR membranes (dSR) were switched between EGTA and Ca buffers to convert SERCA2a between the Ca-free, E2 and the high Ca-affinity, E1 conformations.

Metabolic products comparison in autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrogen removal: Insights into membrane fouling.

Metabolic products play a significant role in membrane fouling during biological wastewater treatment. However, the differences in metabolic product composition and membrane fouling potentials between autotrophic (anammox, AN) and heterotrophic (denitrification, DN) nitrogen removal systems are not well understood. This study cultivated autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrogen removal systems and analyzed the compositions of their metabolic products.

Self-Calibrated Stimulated Raman Scattering Spectroscopy for Rapid Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnosis.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. The current "gold standard" diagnostic approach, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-obtained biopsy, has a relatively low sensitivity (i.e.

A pilot study on the clinical feasibility of 5G remote robot-assisted gastrectomy.

Purpose: Exploring the Clinical Safety and Feasibility of 5G Remote Surgery Robot-Assisted Gastrectomy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of two patients who underwent 5G remote surgery robot-assisted gastrectomy at the General Surgery Clinical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital from June to September 2024. One case involved a cross-provincial remote surgery between Gansu Provincial Hospital and Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital, located over 1700 km apart, classified as the "long-distance patient.

Multi-Model Segmentation Algorithm for Rotator Cuff Injury Based on MRI Images.

This paper proposes an AI-based diagnostic method using MRI images for rotator cuff injuries to assist in treatment by segmenting tear areas and assessing tear severity. A multi-model deep learning network based on Unet + FPN architecture was developed to automatically segment rotator cuff injury images and determine tear grades. A dataset of 376 patients with 5640 images was used for training, with an additional 94 patients and 1410 images reserved for testing.

Pirfenidone alleviates interstitial lung disease in mice by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by interstitial lung disease (ILD) with limited therapeutics available. Pirfenidone (PFD), a medication utilized for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, exhibits notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of collagen synthesis. This study aims to clarify its efficacy and mechanism in treating IIM-ILD.