Integrin α5 is involved in immune defense by regulating hemocyte phagocytosis in shrimp.

The role of integrins in cell adhesion and immune functions is well established, however, their specific involvement in shrimp immunity remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the integrin α5 (PvIntα5) gene from Penaeus vannamei and investigated its role in immune responses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvIntα5 shares high sequence similarity with integrin proteins from other species.

Ace2 mutation disrupts amino acid absorption, impairs growth, and alters microbiota dynamics in zebrafish.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (Ace2) is a well-studied enzyme with important physiological functions in mammals. However, its roles in non-mammalian animals remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the function of Ace2 in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9-generated ace2 mutants (-/-).

P38 MAPK regulates phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi by hemocytes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Phagocytosis, the process by which a cell engulfs and ingests larger foreign particles, is important for aquatic invertebrates to defense against pathogen infection. The giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is the world's largest freshwater shrimp and is of economic importance to aquaculture. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate multiple signalling pathways and are involved in a variety of biological processes.

Oral RNAi delivery for targeting Ftz-F1β/JAK-STAT signaling axis to boost shrimp immunity against pathogen infection.

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is crucial for antiviral and antibacterial immune responses, as it regulates the expression of a set of immune-related genes in response to pathogen infection. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), a key negative regulator of JAK-STAT signaling, modulates the immune response to prevent excessive activation. The current study identified a fushi tarazu F1β (FTZF1β)-mediated JAK-STAT signaling suppression axis in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, the world's most produced aquaculture shrimp.

Spontaneous development and characterization of an endothelial-like cell line from mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi.

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of genus Megalocytivirus within Iridoviridae family, stands as a leading causative agent of viral diseases in diverse teleost fish globally. Previous study has demonstrated that lymphatic endothelial cells exhibit specific adhesion to virus-mock basement membranes (VMBMs) formed outside ISKNV-infected cells, underscoring the critical role of this interaction in the ISKNV infection process. However, the lack of a dedicated endothelial cell line has significantly hindered in vitro investigations into ISKNV pathogenesis.

Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) functions as an entry receptor for scale drop disease virus to invade the host cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), a distinct member of the genus within the family, has emerged as a novel threat to global teleost aquaculture. Despite its importance, the pathogenic mechanism of SDDV remains largely elusive. In this study, we identified mandarin fish transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) as an entry receptor for SDDV to invade host cells.

TRIM22 in Litopenaeus vannamei activates Dorsal by accelerating Cactus's degradation to mediate antiviral immunity.

Tripartite motif protein 22 (TRIM22), an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates antiviral responses in mammals by regulating NF-κB signaling. However, its functional role in invertebrates remains unknown. This study characterizes a TRIM22 ortholog (LvTRIM22) in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and elucidates its molecular mechanism against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

RNF122 targets STING for ubiquitination at residues K95, K117, and K155 to regulate antiviral responses in a teleost fish.

Ring finger protein 122 (RNF122), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, orchestrates antiviral immune responses in mammals by targeting retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 for ubiquitination. However, its functional relevance in teleosts has yet to be clearly defined, particularly regarding the identification of substrate-specific regulatory sites. This study characterized RNF122 from mandarin fish ( ), termed RNF122, and investigated its regulatory impact on stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated antiviral signaling.

Vitamin C Inhibits Scale Drop Disease Virus Infectivity by Targeting Nrf2 to Reduce Ferroptosis.

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) poses an escalating threat to global aquaculture, prompting an urgent need for research. Our study found that SDDV infection upregulates genes related to iron, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, causing iron overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and ultimately ferroptosis. Among the tested antioxidants, vitamin C (VC) demonstrated the most potent inhibitory effect in mandarin fish, reducing SDDV-induced mortality by 37.

microRNA-34 mediates a negative feedback loop in the JAK-STAT pathway to attenuate immune overactivation in an invertebrate.

The JAK-STAT pathway is an essential signaling mechanism that initiates immune responses against pathogen infections. The intrinsic homeostatic regulation of JAK-STAT signaling is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the invertebrate JAK-STAT pathway leads to inflammation-like symptoms.

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) triggers ferroptosis both in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and MFF-1 cells to facilitate virus infection via linking to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1).

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is a distinct member in genus Megalocytivirus of family Iridoviridae, garnering increasing attention due to its significant threat to teleost. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death discovered recently and involved in various viral infections. Knowledges on SDDV induced ferroptosis remains unclear.

Dissection of the global responses of mandarin fish pyloric cecum to an acute ranavirus (MRV) infection reveals the formation of serositis and then ascites.

Mandarin fish ranavirus (MRV), a new member of the species , sharing over 98% whole-genome nucleotide identity with the well-known largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is a distinct member of the genus within the family . Our recent work showed that acute MRV infection predominantly affects the pyloric cecum, a critical visceral organ in mandarin fish, and was hypothesized to drive the characteristic external clinical sign of severe ascites. In this study, we reveal that acute MRV infection initially targets the serosal layer of the pyloric cecum of mandarin fish, leading to rapid progression into fibrinous serositis characterized by serosal hypertrophy, fibrosis, hyperemia, edema, and tissue adhesions.

A cytokine receptor domeless restrains mud crab reovirus infection via JAK-STAT signaling pathway in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain).

JAK/STAT signaling pathways are associated with the innate immune system and play important roles in mediating immune responses to virus infection. Domeless is a unique receptor involved in invertebrate JAK/STAT pathway. In this study, a Domeless gene from Scylla paramamosain, named SpDOME, was cloned and characterized.

Bacterial Infection Disrupts the Intestinal Bacterial Community and Facilitates the Enrichment of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Intestines of .

Pathogenic infections can reshape the intestinal microbiota of aquatic animals, thereby impacting their health status. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether infection induces dysbiosis in the intestinal bacterial community of and to assess the associated ecological risks. Our findings revealed the deterministic processes in intestinal bacterial community assembly during bacterial infections, indicating that host selection, i.

Dual protection against grouper Rana-Iridovirus (GIV-R) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) by novel GIV-RNNV chimeric vaccine candidates.

Grouper Rana-iridovirus (GIV-R) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) are two distinct yet very important causative agents in several fish species. However, as of now, no effective treatment has been developed to simultaneously prevent these two pathogens. In this study, we developed GIV-R-NNV chimeric vaccine candidates by using GIV-R to chimerically express the full length and P domain of the coat protein of NNV, and designated as GIV-R--NNV, GIV-R--NNV, respectively.

Vitellogenin receptor mediates heat adaptability of oocyte development in mud crabs and zebrafish.

Climate-driven warming affects the reproduction of oviparous ectotherms. However, whether oviparous ectotherms possess a protection mechanism against heat stress for oocyte development, which is essential for maintaining the continuity of animal populations, is largely unknown. Under high temperatures, female mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) typically have well-formed ovaries, while a few crabs were found to experience oocyte development failure.

Acute hypoxia stress impairs Litopenaeus vannamei resistance to white spot syndrome virus by downregulating chitin-binding proteins.

Hypoxia stress is a key environmental stressor that can induce white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreaks, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, transcriptome analysis and RT-PCR were conducted to investigate the impact of acute hypoxia stress on gene expression profiles in shrimp. We revealed that acute hypoxia stress significantly altered the expression profile of genes in shrimp gill, particularly downregulating genes encoding chitin-binding proteins (CBPs), including Mucin-19, GAAP, CP1114, SgAbd-1, pro-Resilin, Obstructor-E, CP, GP1, and AMP1A.

Shrimp Virus Regulates ROS Dynamics via the Nrf2 Pathway to Facilitate Viral Replication.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) of hosts are widely involved in intracellular signaling and against pathogens. Viruses manipulate ROS homeostasis of hosts as a strategy to evade ROS-mediated negative effects of their infection, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The economically important aquaculture shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is selected to investigate the molecular mechanism of how white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) regulates ROS dynamics and enhances viral replication.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella).

Algal blooms, which have become increasingly prevalent worldwide over the past decade, significantly impact on water quality and aquatic organisms. Filter-feeding fish are used to control phytoplankton and improve the ecological quality of water bodies. Mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella) is a freshwater cyprinid species that predominantly consumes algae.

Effects of water ammonia nitrogen on hemolymph and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Ammonia stress was detrimental to shrimp, but how water ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) influences the shrimp's health remains unclear. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of water ammonia-N on hemolymph ammonia-N concentration, hepatopancreas structure, and the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei with four experiments. We found that the concentration of ammonia-N in shrimp hemolymph was significantly higher than that in pond water, indicating that water ammonia-N stimulates the accumulation of hemolymph ammonia-N.

Warming-driven migration of enterotypes mediates host health and disease statuses in ectotherm Litopenaeus vannamei.

Global warming has threatened all-rounded hierarchical biosphere by reconstructing eco-structure and bringing biodiversity variations. Pacific white shrimp, a successful model of worldwide utilizing marine ectothermic resources, is facing huge losses due to multiple diseases relevant to intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis during temperature fluctuation. However, how warming mediates shrimp health remains poorly understood.

Excessive activation of JAK-STAT signaling contributes to inflammation induced by acute infection in shrimp.

Uncontrolled immune responses resulting from overactivated cellular signaling pathways, leading to inflammation and tissue injury, are a major cause of death in pathogen-infected individuals. This phenomenon has been well studied in mammals but is less explored in invertebrates. Bacteria of the genus are among the most harmful pathogens to humans and aquatic animals.

Peripheral B Lymphocyte Serves as a Reservoir for the Persistently Covert Infection of Mandarin Fish Ranavirus.

Mandarin fish ranavirus (MRV) is a distinctive member among the genus of the family . The persistently covert infection of MRV was previously observed in a natural outbreak of MRV, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that mandarin fish peripheral B lymphocytes are implemented as viral reservoirs to maintain the persistent infection.

Rapid, sensitive, and visual detection of mandarin fish ranavirus and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus using an RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a system.

Iridoviruses are large cytoplasmic icosahedral viruses that contain dsDNA. Among them, mandarin fish ranavirus (MRV) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) are particularly notable due to their high contagiousness and pathogenicity. These viruses pose a significant threat to fish aquaculture, resulting in substantial annual economic losses for the fish farming industry.

Ring finger protein 5 mediates STING degradation through ubiquitinating K135 and K155 in a teleost fish.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key connector protein in interferon (IFN) signaling, crucial for IFN induction during the activation of antiviral innate immunity. In mammals, ring finger protein 5 (RNF5) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediating STING regulation through K150 ubiquitylation to prevent excessive IFN production. However, the mechanisms underlying RNF5's regulation of STING in teleost fish remain unknown.