Redox compartmentalization drives functional heterogeneity of mature insulin secretory vesicles in pancreatic β-cells.

Pancreatic β-cell function requires precise regulation of insulin secretory vesicles (ISVs), yet the redox heterogeneity within mature ISVs remains poorly defined. Here, we implement a novel oxidation-sensing system using NPY-fused DsRed1-E5 (Timer) targeted to mature ISVs in INS-1E and human Endoc-βH5 β-cell models. Leveraging Timer's oxidative color transition from green (Low-oxidative) to yellow-red (High-oxidative), supported by independent measurements using the established redox sensor Grx1-roGFP2, we resolve distinct ISV subpopulations.

Deep Learning-Enhanced Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in 100 kV Low-Voltage Chest CT: A Novel Way Toward Bone Mineral Density Measurement and Radiation Dose Reduction.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the feasibility and accuracy of a deep learning (DL) method for fully automated vertebral body (VB) segmentation, region of interest (ROI) extraction, and bone mineral density (BMD) calculation using 100kV low-voltage chest CT performed for lung cancer screening across various scanners from different manufacturers and hospitals.

Materials And Methods: This study included 1167 patients who underwent 100 kV low-voltage chest and 120 kV lumbar CT from October 2022 to August 2024. Patients were divided into a training set (495 patients), a validation set (169 patients), and three test sets (245, 128, and 130 patients).

Cross-neutralization of human sera with diverse SARS-CoV-2 omicron exposure histories, 2022-2024: Evidence of immune heterogeneity.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages continue to evolve, driving recurrent infection waves since 2022 through immune escape in populations with diverse immunological histories. Understanding cross-variant neutralization capacity, especially against emerging variants like JN.1, is critical for optimizing protection strategies.

Feasibility of 100 kV Low-voltage Bone Mineral Density Measurement with Quantitative CT: Phantom and Clinical Research.

To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of 100 kV low-voltage quantitative CT (QCT) for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using the European Spine Phantom and patients. The accuracy and precision of the BMD measurements were assessed using relative measurement error (RME%), coefficient of variation (CV%), root mean square standard deviation (RMS-SD), and root mean square CV (RMS-%CV). Linear regression and Bland‒Altman analyses were used to assess the agreement between 100 and 120 kV QCT-based BMD measurements.

Dual Activation of Molecular NO and O on a Pr-Doped CeO-TiO Catalyst for the Simultaneous Catalytic Purification of NO and Toluene.

Designing a bifunctional catalyst to concurrently activate NO and O is of fundamental importance to the simultaneous catalytic removal of NO and VOCs. During this process, sufficient electron transfer from the catalyst surface to the antibonding π* orbitals of adsorbed NO and O is necessary to facilitate the adsorption and subsequent bond cleavage. Herein, an electronic orbital coupling strategy is applied by doping praseodymium (Pr) into a CeO-TiO (CeTi) composite oxide to obtain a PrCeTi bifunctional catalyst, which has a strong interaction with NO to form NO, further splitting with N production and thereby enhancing NH-SCR performance following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.

Emotions and experiences of head and neck cancer survivors returning to work: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Purpose: Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors may face several challenges when returning to work. Although there are some qualitative studies on the return-to-work experiences of HNC survivors, a comprehensive review of these studies is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the emotions, experiences, and needs of HNC survivors returning to work.

Achieving Nearly 100% Targeted Conversion of NO to NO through Cooperative Activation of Lattice Oxygen and Molecular Oxygen on Dual-Defect LaMnO.

Inhibiting the deposition of N species on the catalyst surface for the targeted oxidation of NO to NO is still a great challenge. Herein, a La and O dual-defective LaMnO (2U-LMO) perovskite was fabricated using a urea-nonstoichiometric comodulation strategy, which achieved 97.6% NO oxidation efficiency at 210 °C and 300,000 h, and was also capable of nearly 100% targeted oxidation of NO to NO, as well as exhibited excellent stability and recyclability.

Successful treatment of very severe aplastic anemia with double unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation in a donor-specific antigen positive adult patient: A case report and review.

To overcome the cell-dose barrier of cord blood, double unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has become increasingly common in adults with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Pre-existing donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) represent a risk factor for graft failure (GF). Desensitization therapy should be conducted to reduce circulating DSA levels, thereby decreasing the risk of GF.

Deep Learning-enhanced Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in Ultralow-Voltage (80 kV) Chest CT: A Preliminary Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the feasibility of deep learning (DL)-enhanced, fully automated bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using the ultralow-voltage 80 kV chest CT scans performed for lung cancer screening.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 987 patients who underwent 80 kV chest and 120 kV lumbar CT from January to July 2024. Patients were collected from six CT scanners and divided into the training, validation, and test sets 1 and 2 (561: 177: 112: 137).

[Evaluation of autologous fat grafting in improving post-treatment skin fibrosis in 20 patients with oral cancer].

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of autologous fat grafting for treating cervical skin fibrosis in patients with oral cancer after neck dissection with or without radiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 20 patients who underwent oral cancer resection and neck dissection in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2022 to July 2023 were enrolled, 7 patients were treated with radiotherapy after neck dissection and 13 patients were treated with neck dissection. According to the degree of face-neck depression, the range of fibrosis and the function of neck and shoulder, corresponding volume of autologous fat was used to fill the depression.

Subpleural injection of gelatin sponge particles to reduce pneumothorax incidence in CT-guided lung biopsies: a retrospective single-center case-control study.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of track sealing using subpleural injection of gelatin sponge particles in reducing the incidence of pneumothorax after percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy.

Methods: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 1,026 patients who underwent CT-guided lung biopsy at our center from January 2022 to July 2024. After propensity score matching (PSM) to minimize the impact of confounding variables like smoke, lesion diameter, and tract length, 338 patients were ultimately included and assigned to the sealant group (169 patients) or the non-sealing group (169 patients) according to whether using the gelatin sponge particles sealing after needle withdraw to the subpleural area.

Hyperbolic vision language representation learning on chest radiology images.

Given the visual-semantic hierarchy between images and texts, hyperbolic embeddings have been employed for visual-semantic representation learning, leveraging the advantages of hierarchy modeling in hyperbolic space. This approach demonstrates notable advantages in zero-shot learning tasks. However, unlike general image-text alignment tasks, textual data in the medical domain often comprises complex sentences describing various conditions or diseases, posing challenges for vision language models to comprehend free-text medical reports.

An Artificial Intelligence Model for Vascularity Monitoring of Postoperative Flap.

Background: Postoperative flap monitoring is a labor-intensive task that relies heavily on the subjective judgment of skin color change by both medical and nursing staff. Human errors, such as misinterpretation of visual cues, may result in flap failure due to missed or delayed detection of vascular compromise.

Objective: To simulate clinical situations of vascular compromise and investigate the feasibility of using an artificial intelligence (AI) model with skin color monitoring algorithms (SCMAs) and pulse wave monitoring algorithms (PWMAs) in identifying changes to site vascularity.

Dynamic Changes and Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Induced by Infection and Vaccination Across Multiple Time Points.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, increasingly complex vaccination and infection histories have made it urgent to investigate the antibody dynamics in populations with hybrid immunity. This study aimed to explore the multi-time-point dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in a community-based population in Jiangsu Province, China, following the Omicron BA.5 wave, as well as the long-term persistence of IgG antibodies nearly 2 years postinfection.

Ring finger protein 5 mediates STING degradation through ubiquitinating K135 and K155 in a teleost fish.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key connector protein in interferon (IFN) signaling, crucial for IFN induction during the activation of antiviral innate immunity. In mammals, ring finger protein 5 (RNF5) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediating STING regulation through K150 ubiquitylation to prevent excessive IFN production. However, the mechanisms underlying RNF5's regulation of STING in teleost fish remain unknown.

The immune checkpoint molecule B7-H4 regulates β-cell mass and insulin secretion by modulating cholesterol metabolism through Stat5 signalling.

Objective: B7-H4 (B7S1, B7x, VTCN1) is an important immune checkpoint molecule that maintains immune homeostasis and is also expressed in pancreatic β cells. The polymorphism of B7-H4 influences the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting a potential role of B7-H4 in the physiological function of pancreatic β cells and the pathogenesis of T2D.

Methods: β-cell-specific B7-H4 knockout mice (B7-H4 cKO mice) and their wild-type littermates were used to investigate the in vivo effects of B7-H4 on pancreatic β-cell morphology and function.

Classifying histopathological growth patterns for resected colorectal liver metastasis with a deep learning analysis.

Background: Histopathological growth patterns are one of the strongest prognostic factors in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases. Development of an efficient, objective and ideally automated histopathological growth pattern scoring method can substantially help the implementation of histopathological growth pattern assessment in daily practice and research. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep-learning algorithm, namely neural image compression, to distinguish desmoplastic from non-desmoplastic histopathological growth patterns of colorectal liver metastases based on digital haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides.

Artificial intelligence for geoscience: Progress, challenges, and perspectives.

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry, tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and data collection techniques. Traditional models, which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks, provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical processes. However, their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth's complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world applicability.

Environment DNA Reveals Fish Diversity in a Canyon River within the Upper Pearl River Drainage.

Investigating fish diversity in canyon rivers through conventional fish surveys is challenging due to precipitous conditions, including steep slopes, rapid water flow, and complex habitats. Additionally, intensive construction of dams has further complicated the understanding of contemporary fish diversity in these rivers. In this study, we used the environmental DNA (eDNA) technique to assess fish diversity and examine the effects of dams on fish diversity in the Mabiehe River, a canyon river in the upper reaches of the Pearl River drainage.

A 3D framework for segmentation of carotid artery vessel wall and identification of plaque compositions in multi-sequence MR images.

Accurately assessing carotid artery wall thickening and identifying risky plaque components are critical for early diagnosis and risk management of carotid atherosclerosis. In this paper, we present a 3D framework for automated segmentation of the carotid artery vessel wall and identification of the compositions of carotid plaque in multi-sequence magnetic resonance (MR) images under the challenge of imperfect manual labeling. Manual labeling is commonly done in 2D slices of these multi-sequence MR images and often lacks perfect alignment across 2D slices and the multiple MR sequences, leading to labeling inaccuracies.