Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 and amyloid‑β 42/40 for amyloid risk in subgroups.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Recently, plasma biomarkers, particularly p-tau217, have emerged as promising tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of p-tau217 combined with other plasma biomarkers in distinguishing Aβ Positron emission tomography (PET) positivity in cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) individuals across diverse clinical subgroups.

Embedding Dual-Responsive Polymer@Enzyme in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks with a Hollow Space for Improving Its Catalytic Performance.

Herein, a stimuli-responsive polymer-support and sacrificial template strategy was introduced to modulate enzyme conformation freedom and generate nanoconfinement in porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), addressing challenges in realizing improved catalytic performance, tolerance, and stability. A thermo- and pH-responsive poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was synthesized via a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization protocol. Through a chemical bonding strategy, alanine aminotransferase was immobilized on the smart polymer.

Rapid simultaneous self-testing of HIV and HCV viral loads with integrated RNA extraction and multiplex RT-PCR in under 1 hour.

HIV and HCV Co-infection continues to be a significant public health problem globally especially within high-risk groups. Monitoring viral loads with precision helps direct treatment choices and measure treatment success while preventing resistance to drugs. Traditional laboratory-based testing faces limitations due to restricted accessibility and dependence on centralized facilities along with the complex process of quantifying both HIV and HCV viral loads which impedes worldwide control measures for these viruses.

Foveal Identification and Development in Prematurity-Implications on Zone Localization and Nutritional Supplementation.

Purpose: Accurate identification of retinal Zone I in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is critical for treatment decisions and prognosis. Current definitions rely on identifying the macular center, limited by absence of the foveal light reflex (FLR) early in screening. Understanding factors influencing FLR development could improve zone localization and guide nutritional interventions.

Advances in Multicompartment Synthetic Protocells: from Design Strategies to Biomedical Application.

Multicompartment synthetic protocells offer significant advantages over traditional single-compartment systems by replicating the compartmentalized organization of natural cells. This advanced design enables effective synergy and precise control over complex biochemical reactions through modular and hierarchical structures. The construction strategies primarily encompass self-assembly methods, microfluidic technology, and double emulsion techniques, which facilitate precise and reproducible formation of interconnected compartments separated by physical or chemical barriers.

Unraveling the Potential-Regulated Selectivity of the Cu-Based Catalyst in 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Electro-Oxidation.

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), prepared via the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electro-oxidation reaction (HMFOR), is a promising bio-based plastic monomer for biodegradable polymer production. However, the sluggish hydroxyl oxidation kinetics inhibit the HMFOR efficiency. In this study, CuOH is grown on Cu foam as a model electrocatalyst to investigate the active phases of the Cu-based catalyst in the HMFOR, elucidate their oxidation mechanisms and adsorption behaviors at varying potentials, and ultimately to reveal the potential-regulated selectivity of the Cu-based catalyst.

Computational screening of phytochemicals targeting mutant KRAS in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is cancer of the colon or bowel. Every year, more than 1.8 million cases of colorectal cancer are reported, with 850,000 deaths.

NSD2 inhibitors rewire chromatin to treat lung and pancreatic cancers.

NSD2 catalyses the epigenetic modification H3K36me2 (refs. ) and is a candidate convergent downstream effector of oncogenic signalling in diverse malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether the enzymatic activity of NSD2 is therapeutically targetable.

Potential utility of plasma pTau217 for assessing amyloid and tau biomarker profiles.

Purpose: Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau217) is a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, reflecting both amyloid β (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) results. While its diagnostic role is actively being investigated, this study aims to expand its application to staging disease progression and predicting cognitive decline.

Methods: A total of 2,919 participants, primarily diagnosed as Alzheimer's clinical syndrome, were recruited.

Spacing Controlled Quantum Resonance in Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dot Superlattices.

Understanding the correlation between interdot spacing and their interactions is crucial for controlling the properties of quantum dot superlattices. In this study, the interdot spacing of the colloidal quantum dot superlattice is tuned from 1.4 to 0.

Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Vary by Sex and Amyloid Status.

Introduction: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by gut microbes, influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in animals. Less is known about SCFAs and AD in humans. We profiled feces of adults along the AD continuum to investigate gut microbiome and SCFA associations with AD pathology and cognition.

The Consequences of US Retreat From the Global Health Security Leadership.

Upon the commencement of their second term in 2025, the Trump Administration initiated significant policy shifts within health security, driven by an "America First" agenda. This marks a notable departure from the United States' long-standing role as a central and influential leader in global health security. Historically, the US has championed this domain through substantial financial contributions, the sharing of critical technical expertise, and the establishment and support of numerous international health initiatives.

Tailoring lignocellulose-derived biochar for peroxymonosulfate-based catalytic environments: Optimizing active sites, revealing activation mechanisms, and advancing groundwater remediation applications.

Biochar derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LB) has shown broad application prospects in the field of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalysis, but the regulation mechanism of its catalytic active sites (e.g., C=O group) and LB components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) remains to be systematically elucidated.

Fast Hemostatic, Antimicrobial Multifunctional Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Dressing Loading Bifunctional Cu/ZIF-8 for Accelerated Wound Healing.

The moist wound environment of the human body immediately following injury is highly susceptible to microbial colonization and subsequent infection, potentially triggering a prolonged inflammatory response. Existing dressings tend to be more monofunctional, making it difficult to cope with wound bleeding and bacterial growth at the same time. The development of more effective wound dressings is a critical priority in contemporary wound care.

Design of a Functionalized Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensor with a Ternary MXene Nanocomposite to Identify Creatinine in Various Biological Samples.

In muscle tissue, creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate, which supplies energy to the muscles and is consistently filtered through the glomerulus in the kidney. In real-time and point-of-care medical diagnostics, creatinine testing can be a component of a larger panel of diagnostics used to evaluate general health and recognize any issues such as diabetes or hypertension. Consequently, we developed an enzyme-free electrochemical biosensor that enables rapid, small-volume detection of creatinine.

How I Do It: Advancing Point-of-Care US in a Large Hospital Setting.

Point-of-care US (POCUS), also known as , or , is a rapidly evolving, dynamic imaging tool that aids in rapid diagnoses and informed bedside decision-making. POCUS devices are portable, affordable, and considered easy to use for nonradiologists. POCUS has several advantages over diagnostic US, including improved accessibility, real-time assessment, and provision of immediate results.

Ion Valency as a Molecular Switch for Salt-Resistant Underwater Adhesion.

Achieving underwater adhesion remains challenging due to the disruption of interfacial interactions by hydration layers and the ionic environment. This study shows how high adhesion in a saline environment can be achieved in adhesive peptide systems relying on π-π and cation-π interactions using multivalent ions. Monovalent ions (K) disrupt native peptide-peptide interactions, drastically reducing adhesion strength.

Programmed Aggregation of Lipidated Nitrobenzoselenadiazole as a Photo-Activatable Pyroptosis Inducer.

Bioactive photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for tumor treatment. However, the aggregation of photosensitizers in aqueous solutions could hinder their efficacy, leading to reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems and lower therapeutic effectiveness. For the first time, this work discloses a programmed aggregation system based on the nitrobenzoselenadiazole (NBSD) scaffold with varying alkyl chain lengths (C1, C3, and C8), focusing on their potential as photo-activable pyroptosis inducers.

Quantification of Belzutifan in Biological Samples: LC-MS/MS Method Validation and Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats.

Belzutifan, an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor-2α, is used to treat cancer associated with von Hippel Lindau disease. The quality control and pharmacokinetic study of this drug is crucial for effective chemotherapy. Since no bio-analytical method has been reported, this work aimed to develop an LC-MS/MS technique for the determination of belzutifan and its application for pharmacokinetic profiling in rat plasma.

Modernizing diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A review of global trends and Asia-specific perspectives.

The landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) diagnosis is evolving rapidly, driven by advances in disease understanding, biomarker tools, and disease-modifying therapies. Modern diagnostic approaches emphasize biological precision, early detection, and dynamic frameworks that adapt to treatment-induced changes in disease biology. These frameworks enable opportunities for personalized interventions-encompassing pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies-and for enhanced clinical trial design.

fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience.

As data analysis pipelines grow more complex in brain imaging research, understanding how methodological choices affect results is essential for ensuring reproducibility and transparency. This is especially relevant for functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a rapidly growing technique for assessing brain function in naturalistic settings and across the lifespan, yet one that still lacks standardized analysis approaches. In the fNIRS Reproducibility Study Hub (FRESH) initiative, we asked 38 research teams worldwide to independently analyze the same two fNIRS datasets.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum attenuate gossypol-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by altering intestinal microbiota for enriching microbial tryptophan metabolites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Background: Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the main cause of fatty liver disease, which can be alleviated by modulation of intestinal microbiota. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum plays a key role in maintaining liver health, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Results: Here, a strain affiliated to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was isolated from the intestine of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The Platinum Pedigree: a long-read benchmark for genetic variants.

Recent advances in genome sequencing have improved variant calling in complex regions of the human genome. However, it is difficult to quantify variant calling performance because existing standards often focus on specificity, neglecting completeness in difficult-to-analyze regions. To create a more comprehensive truth set, we used Mendelian inheritance in a large pedigree (CEPH-1463) to filter variants across PacBio high-fidelity (HiFi), Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms.

Gate-Tunable Highly Linear Bipolar Photoresponse in Se@SWCNT Adaptive Neurons for Dynamically Programmable Neuromorphic Computing.

The development of tunable and highly controllable photoconductive devices for brain-inspired optical neuromorphic systems remains challenging. Previous neuromorphic devices are limited by asymmetric and nonlinear conductive properties, which impose specific restrictions on training tasks and weight learning rules in dynamic and complex visual environments. A programmable synaptic transistor based on a Se@SWCNT 1D van der Waals heterojunction, enabling gate-controlled positive and negative responses is presented.

Locked Nucleic Acid Modification for Base-Stacking Engineering of Self-Assembled DNA Crystals.

DNA hybridization and assembly processes are governed by the concerted effects of Watson-Crick pairing and base-stacking interactions. While sequence engineering and chemical modifications have been extensively exploited to regulate DNA hybridization processes and complex structural assembly of DNA, here we demonstrate the use of locked nucleic acid (LNA) modifications to finely tune base-stacking interactions, which are yet to be explored in DNA assembly processes, to program the growth of self-assembled DNA crystals. We find that sticky-end LNA modifications decrease base-pair spacing and enhance base-stacking energy, which synergistically improves interstrand affinity and accelerates hybridization rate constants, as revealed by strand displacement kinetics, molecular dynamics simulations, and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis.