Effects of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles and dupilumab on the spleen and skin in a house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized as a biphasic T-lymphocyte-mediated disease involving T-helper cells. Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits Th2-related cytokines and has recently been approved for patients with AD. However, the effects of dupilumab are relatively narrow in scope, primarily targeting cytokine-driven inflammatory pathways, with few reported systemic effects.

Engineered Probiotic Hydrogel Alleviates Vaginitis via Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Pathways.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), primarily caused by , is a prevalent infection that presents significant clinical challenges. Current antifungal treatments have limitations, including a narrow antimicrobial spectrum and a lack of anti-inflammatory effects. To address these limitations, we genetically modified to produce high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMHA) for sustained local delivery of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and HMHA at the infection site.

Non-invasive bio-electromagnetic monitoring of cerebrovascular function: a novel conductivity reactivity index (CRx) for optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in acute brain injury models.

Introduction: The pressure reactivity index (PRx) is a key predictor of cerebrovascular function, widely used to guide and optimize therapeutic strategies in patients with acute brain injury. This study investigates a non-invasive bio-electromagnetic technique for monitoring and maintaining cerebrovascular function in a rabbit model of acute brain injury.

Methods: A coaxial parallel double-coil sensor was designed to detect changes in intracranial electromagnetic properties, measured as magnetic induction phase shifts (MIPS), which reflect cerebral blood volume fluctuations.

Engineering principles of zwitterionic hydrogels: Molecular architecture to manufacturing innovations for advanced healthcare materials.

Zwitterionic hydrogels have garnered significant attention for their exceptional anti-fouling properties and biocompatibility. These materials have been further enhanced through the incorporation of highly crosslinked 3D networks, endowing them with novel physicochemical characteristics such as stimuli-responsive swelling, ion conductivity, and antibacterial capabilities. In certain cases, zwitterionic motifs can impart self-healing properties for hydrogels, potentially paving the way for the development of functional biomaterials that closely mimic biological tissues.

Humoral determinants of checkpoint immunotherapy.

Although the role of cellular immunity in checkpoint immunotherapy (CPI) for cancer is well established, the effect of antibody-mediated humoral immunity is comparably underexplored. Here we used rapid extracellular antigen profiling to map the autoantibody reactome within a cohort of 374 patients with cancer treated with CPIs and 131 healthy control participants for autoantibodies to 6,172 extracellular and secreted proteins (the 'exoproteome'). Globally, patients with cancer treated with CPIs had diverse autoreactivities that were elevated relative to control individuals but changed minimally with treatment.

Oriented Antibody Functionalized Plasmonic Yolk-Shell-Satellite Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive SERS-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay.

Conventional gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) for detecting matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a biomarker associated with dry eye disease and cancer, often suffer from limited sensitivity. To address this, we developed an ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based LFIA using plasmonic yolk-shell-satellite nanostructures (YSSNs) functionalized with bifunctional 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) as SERS tags. The YSSNs, composed of a gold nanorod core enclosed by a gold nanocage and decorated with satellite nanoparticles, provided strong SERS enhancement.

Shoreline dynamics in response to sea-level changes on the eastern coast of Bangladesh.

The eastern coast of Bangladesh has undergone significant geomorphic changes since 1990, with the shoreline predominantly prograding towards the Bay of Bengal. Analysis indicates that the northeastern (Mirsarai- Banshkhali) coast experienced seaward progradation, with a maximum progradation of 3.87 km and an average rate of 0.

Recurrent Hybridisations During Diversification of One Rhododendron Species Complex.

Hybridisation plays a significant role in plant diversification, yet successive hybrid speciation within species-rich groups remains undocumented. We focused on a monophyletic species complex comprising one subsection, which belongs to the highly diverse genus of Rhododendron centred in the mountains of southwest China. By assembling the genome of one individual and resequencing all populations found, we uncovered four well-delimitated lineages within this subsection.

Phosphorylation-assisted cell wall engineering enables ultra-strong, highly ion-conductive bio-membranes for high-power salinity gradient energy harvesting.

Nanofluidic membranes derived from cellulose-based biomaterials have garnered increasing attention for ion transport and regulation due to their modifiable nature, ordered structures, sustainability, and excellent compatibility. However, their practical applications in ionic circuits, energy conversion, and sensing have been limited by insufficient mechanical strength and suboptimal ion transport properties. In this study, we report ultra-strong, highly ion-conductive bio-membranes fabricated through phosphorylation-assisted cell wall engineering.

Micro/nanomotor development towards enhanced cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a leading global life-threatening disease, with traditional cancer therapies hindered by inefficient drug delivery and the complex tumor microenvironment. Micro/nanomotors-nanomaterials capable of converting chemical, physical, or biological energy into autonomous mechanical motion-emerge as a transformative tool for precision oncology. By overcoming the limitations of passive drug carriers, these motors enable active penetration of tumor barriers, targeted cargo delivery, and spatiotemporally controlled therapy, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity.

Ultra-Low Power and Robust BiSeO Films Optoelectronic Memristors for Bio-Visual Perception Computing Systems.

Optoelectronic memristors have broad application prospects in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IOT) because they can dynamically process a large number of spatiotemporal optoelectronic signals in complex environments. However, it is still a challenge to develop optoelectronic memristors with low power consumption and fast response while maintaining the efficiency and robustness of the system. Here, a photoelectric memristor based on BiSeO thin film is proposed.

Investigation of differential Multi-Mode antibacterial mechanisms of essential oils of Satureja montana L. and Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Against Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Background: Globally, according to WHO estimates, severe periodontitis affects over 1 billion people. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a keystone pathogen in the development of chronic periodontitis.

Combination of pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic antitumor immune responses in immunologically cold non-small cell lung cancer.

The abscopal effects of radiation may sensitize immunologically cold tumors to immune checkpoint inhibition. We investigated the immunostimulatory effects of radiotherapy leveraging multiomic analyses of serial tissue and blood biospecimens (n = 293) from a phase 2 clinical trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by pembrolizumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ( NCT02492568 ). Participants with immunologically cold tumors (low tumor mutation burden, null programmed death ligand 1 expression or Wnt pathway mutations) had significantly longer progression-free survival in the SBRT arm.

PPGBioPred: a webserver for predicting the bioactivity of compounds against PPARγ involved in the negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a key regulator of cellular activities and has implications for various diseases. This study explored the ability to predict the bioactivities of compounds against the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), paving the way to develop PPGBioPred, a user-friendly webserver to modulate this pathway. The research employs computational methodologies, particularly quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, to understand the bioactivity of compounds.

Skin microbiome-biophysical association: a first integrative approach to classifying Korean skin types and aging groups.

Introduction: The field of human microbiome research is rapidly expanding beyond the gut and into the facial skin care industry. However, there is still no established criterion to define the objective relationship between the microbiome and clinical trials for developing personalized skin solutions that consider individual diversity.

Objectives: In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of skin measurements, clinical Baumann skin type indicator (BSTI) surveys, and the skin microbiome of 950 Korean subjects to examine the ideal skin microbiome-biophysical associations.

Design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory potential of PROTAC drug molecules based on fondaparinux sodium.

Introduction: In this study, we used an approach by conjugating Fondaparinux Sodium (FS) with selected drugs to generate proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs).

Methods: By applying bioprocess engineering principles, the direct amidation reaction was optimized -through precise control of pH, substrate ratios, and solvent selection -to reliably produce high-purity (>99%) PROTAC molecules on a scalable platform. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis demonstrated that the synthesized PROTACs exhibit micromolar binding affinities (KD ≈ 10 M) toward inflammatory mediators RANTES (CCL5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

A Novel Injectable Composite Hydrogel HAp-GelMA Co-Doped Magnesium/Zinc Promotes Bone Generation and Angiogenesis Synergistically.

Bone is a crucial organ in the human body; however, conventional bone repair materials, such as autologous and allogeneic bone, are associated with challenges like limited availability and infection risks. Therefore, the development of novel biomaterials for bone repair is essential. This study employed a hydrothermal method to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) doped with various elements and characterized its physicochemical properties.

Modulation of metabolic, inflammatory and fibrotic pathways by semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a chronic liver disease strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, improves liver histology in MASH, but the underlying signals and pathways driving semaglutide-induced MASH resolution are not well understood. Here we show that, in two preclinical MASH models, semaglutide improved histological markers of fibrosis and inflammation and reduced hepatic expression of fibrosis-related and inflammation-related gene pathways.

A human brain network linked to restoration of consciousness after deep brain stimulation.

Disorders of consciousness are characterized by severe impairments in arousal and awareness. Deep brain stimulation is a potential treatment, but outcomes vary-possibly due to differences in patient characteristics, electrode placement, or the specific brain network engaged. We describe 40 patients with disorders of consciousness undergoing deep brain stimulation targeting the thalamic centromedian-parafascicular complex.

Dimethyl carbonate as a green organic modifier in supercritical fluid extraction of pesticide residue analysis in apple samples.

In line with the Green Analytical Chemistry principles, the drive to replace conventional organic solvents with more sustainable alternatives is rapidly evolving. This study introduces dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a novel co-solvent in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the multi-residue analysis of pesticides in apple samples. The extraction performance of DMC was systematically compared with that of acetonitrile (ACN) and bio-ethanol (EtOH) under optimized conditions (30% co-solvent, 150 bar, 70 °C, 1 mL min flow rate, and 21 min of total extraction time).

Efficacy and safety of narlumosbart, an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, phased II study.

Background: This study aimed to preliminarily explore the efficacy and safety of narlumosbart, an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody, in treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods: This multi-center, randomized, double -blind, placebo- and active-controlled study was conducted at 23 clinics across China between April 21, 2022 and April 19, 2023. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to receive either 45 mg.

Bio-inspired benzimidazole-functionalized manganese terpyridine complexes for electrochemical CO reduction.

Inspired by the active site of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), where a pair of amino acids facilitating hydrogen bonding manages the reversible interconversion of CO and CO with high efficiency, we developed a family of manganese terpyridine derivatives (1-4), in which a benzimidazole moiety functions as a proton relay to assist the CO reduction reaction (CORR). To regulate the position of the proton donor, the benzimidazole moiety was introduced into the framework by two approaches, and the p of the proton relay was adjusted by methylation of the benzimidazole moiety. We found that all such designs led to a sharp corruption in the activity of electrochemical CO reduction compared with that of our previously reported analogues.

Combinatorial Glyoxal Cross-Linking and Glutamic Acid Capping for Mitigating Calcification in Bovine Pericardium.

Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) offer advantages over mechanical valves but are limited by long-term degeneration and calcification. This study aimed to develop a durable BHV material using decellularized bovine pericardium (BP) and alternative cross-linking strategies. BP was decellularized using a combination of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and Triton X-100 (TX), which removed cellular components while preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM), as confirmed by histological, DNA quantification, and biochemical analyses.

Naturally Occurring Epialleles and Their Roles in Response to Climate Change in Birch.

Epigenetics has been proposed to be an important mechanism that enables plant species to respond and adapt to environmental and climatic fluctuations and is sometimes entirely uncoupled from genetic variation. Nevertheless, the extent of this uncoupling and the contribution of epigenetics to plant responses to global climate change have not been well studied, particularly in forest trees. Here, we generated a high-quality genome assembly for Betula platyphylla, a key pioneer species in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.

Ultra-Low Operating Voltage Memristors Based on Plating/Stripping Reactions.

Current memristor technologies remain limited by instability, high operating voltage, and low switching ratio, primarily due to stochastic filament formation and defect migration. Here, a fundamentally different electrochemical mechanism is proposed through the development of a plating/stripping memristor (PSM) featuring stable, low-voltage, and bio-inspired conductance switching. Constructed with Zn/Cu electrodes and a deep eutectic gel electrolyte (DEGE), the PSM accurately emulates spike-rate-dependent plasticity and long-term synaptic dynamics.