Plasma proteomic analysis identifies proteins and pathways related to Alzheimer's risk.

Introduction: We investigated associations of plasma proteins with blood-based amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration/inflammation (A/T/N/I) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Plasma proteomics and clinical data from the Indiana AD Research Center (N = 498) were used. Association analysis of plasma proteins with blood A/T/N/I biomarkers as well as diagnosis was performed, followed by replication in an independent cohort (N = 323), network analysis, pathway enrichment, and machine learning classification to identify proteins and pathways related to AD risk.

Isolation and identification of diterpenoids and lignans from the Juniperus sabina L. with insecticidal activities.

Background: Botanical insecticides have received extensive attention due to their environmental friendliness and biodegradability. The isolation and identification of active compounds are the most innovative and vigorous stages in botanical pesticide development. This study aims to isolate and identify the insecticidal compounds present in Juniperus sabina L.

Emerging Trends in Active Packaging for Food: A Six-Year Review.

The development of active food packaging has evolved rapidly in recent years, offering innovative solutions to enhance food preservation and safety while addressing sustainability challenges. This review compiles and analyzes recent advancements (2019-2024) in release-type active packaging, focusing on essential oils, natural extracts, and phenolic compounds as active agents. Primarily plant-derived, these compounds exhibit significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, extending shelf life and enhancing food quality.

Large-Scale Profiling of Coding and Long Noncoding Transcriptomes in the Hippocampus of Mice Acutely Exposed to Vaporized CBD or THC.

Cannabis vaping, particularly involving cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), rapidly delivers highly concentrated cannabinoids to the brain, potentially affecting the hippocampus. This study examined differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the hippocampus after acute exposure to vaporized CBD or THC. Male ICR mice were exposed to vaporized CBD or THC (50 mg, n = 5/group), and hippocampal tissues were collected at 1, 3, and 14 days post-exposure.

The genomic origin of the unique chaetognath body plan.

The emergence of animal phyla, each with their unique body plan, was a rapid event in the history of animal life, yet its genomic underpinnings are still poorly understood. Here we investigate at the genomic, regulatory and cellular levels, the origin of one of the most distinctive animal phyla, the chaetognaths, whose organismal characteristics have historically complicated their phylogenetic placement. We show that these characteristics are reflected at the cell-type level by the expression of genes that originated in the chaetognath lineage, contributing to adaptation to planktonic life at the sensory and structural levels.

Specific viral antibodies associate with anti-NMDAR encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) patients may develop secondary anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (NMDARE), associated with worsened long-term neurological outcome. Immunosuppressive treatment can limit NMDAR autoantibody-mediated pathology, but early predictive biomarkers for the risk of NMDARE are lacking. In a multicenter study, we performed unbiased antibody reactome profiling using Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq).

Liver-Directing Fe(III)-Based MRI Contrast Agent.

Liver cancer has been identified as the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Routine liver diagnosis by recording magnetic resonance (MR) images in the presence of a liver-directing contrast agent (CA) can recognize any abnormalities early. However, the clinically approved liver-specific Gd(III)-based CAs are of great concern for bio-safety.

Long-Range Order and Strong Quantum Coupling Enabled Stable Carrier Transport for Reliable Neuromorphic Computing.

Bio-inspired neuromorphic computing based on memristors holds significant potential for performing massively parallel computational tasks with high accuracy. However, its practical application is significantly limited by poor reliability, primarily due to instability in carrier transport. Here, long-range ordered quantum dot (QD) superlattices with strong quantum coupling is presented to enable carrier transport stability and improve device reliability.

In vivo genome editing of human haematopoietic stem cells for treatment of blood disorders using mRNA delivery.

Ex vivo autologous haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy provides a promising treatment option for haematological disorders. However, current methods involve complex processes and chemotherapeutic conditioning, leading to limited accessibility for treatment and major side effects. Here we develop antibody-free targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery to HSCs in vivo, enabling efficient base editing of the γ-globin gene (HBG1/2) promoter target in human HSCs to reactivate fetal haemoglobin in derived erythroid cells.

Engineered Nanofluidics for Molecular Recognition and Physical Perception.

Nanofluidics has garnered significant attention as the ultra-sensitive method for molecular recognition and physical perception that are not easily accessible through the traditional methods. The development of nanofluidic devices necessitates the integrated solid-state nanochannels/nanopores with versatile surface modification strategies using precise nanofabrication techniques. This review systematically summarizes the development of the solid-state nanochannels and nanopores, nanofabrication methods, sensing principles, transport characteristics, and the strategies employed to perceive molecules and physical stimuli.

Biofuel production from starchy crops: advanced technology and current perspectives.

The sustainable replacement of conventional fossil fuels with bioethanol produced from starchy crops has garnered significant interest. This review paper provides current perspectives in the field and an overview of advanced technologies, emphasising the importance of efficient and environmentally friendly processes. Starchy crops such as wheat, barley, cassava, potato, and maize possess high starch content, which serves as a key feedstock for bioethanol production.

Unlocking the full potential of piperine-loaded nanocarriers for cancer treatment.

In the twenty-first century, cancer continues to be a significant worldwide health concern that requires immediate and ongoing attention. Currently, chemotherapeutic treatments are constrained by various limitations, including drug resistance, nonspecific distribution, and organ toxicity. These difficulties highlight the need for safer and more efficient substitutes, like Piperine (PPN), a bioactive alkaloid obtained from and , as a viable option for cancer therapy.

More fit KL-VS heterozygotes have more favorable AD-relevant biomarker profiles.

Introduction: Although hallmarked by β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (tau), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder that involves neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction. AD-associated biomolecular changes seem to be attenuated in carriers of the functionally advantageous variant of the gene (KL-VS). Independently, better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with better health outcomes related to AD pathology.

Ultratough, Processable Bioplastics Enabled by Triple Interlocking of Lignin and Cellulose.

Sustainable and biodegradable bioplastics from natural lignocellulose offer a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastics, yet they often exhibit limited toughness and processability due to the inherent rigidity of polymer segments. Herein, we have developed a triple interlocking strategy to fabricate a high-strength, ultratough, and processable Bioplastic (denoted as CEL Bioplastic) from cellulose and lignin in the pulp/paper industry. In this process, we leverage room-temperature esterification of long-chain fatty acids with cellulose and lignin to produce a fully biobased CEL Bioplastic, distinguished by a robust triple-interlocking architecture that combines robust physical chain entanglements, cross-linked ester bonds, and densely packed hydrogen bonds.

Bioinspired Bubble-Gated Strategy for Integrating a Polymer Fractal Micromesh toward Ultraconformal Electrocardiogram Monitoring.

Ultraflexible polymer electronic devices with geometry engineering are highly promising for applications in conformal implantable medical devices owing to their strain tolerance, high charge carrier mobility, and biocompatibility. However, due to molecular entanglement of polymer chains and uncontrollable capillary flows, it remains a significant challenge to fabricate high-resolution, continuous, and uniform polymer patterns via solution processes, thus limiting the performance and scalability of their devices. Herein, we introduced a bioinspired bubble-gated strategy to directionally guide capillary flows for the fabrication of fractal micromeshes based on semiconductive polymers.

A homecare in-bed hardware system for precise real-time ECG and HRV monitoring with layered clothing.

Continuous monitoring of heart activity, particularly electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms and heart rate variability (HRV), is essential for the early detection of cardiac diseases. However, conventional wearable ECG systems typically require direct skin contact and external software for signal acquisition and analysis, limiting user comfort and long-term usability. This study presents an unobtrusive contactless bed-embedded system that enables wearable-free, comfortable, and precise monitoring of ECG and HRV without the need for the subject to undress.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) provides insights into QTL mapping of bolting traits.

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important cruciferous root vegetable, with bolting regulated by multiple genes; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying bolting regulation remain unclear. Here, the genome of the cultivar C60213 is assembled into a high-quality, gap-free telomere-to-telomere structure, spanning nine chromosomes and totaling 472.

Alicycliphilus soli sp. nov., Isolated from a Plastic Film Greenhouse Soil and the Proposal for the Reclassification of Diaphorobacter limosus as Alicycliphilus limosus comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, pale yellow bacterial strain LB2S was isolated from a plastic film greenhouse soil in Huaibei, China, and its taxonomic position was investigated using polyphasic approach. Growth occurred at 15-45 ℃ (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.

Coordination Geometry Tuning in a Single-Atom Nanozyme to Mimic Metalloenzymes with Nonplanar Active Site.

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) have been developed to mimic metalloenzymes by modulating their coordination environment. However, the impact of the coordination geometry at the metal center on the catalytic activity of the SAzymes, particularly those with nonplanar active site configurations, has been minimally explored. Here, the effects of the geometric configuration of the Zn-N active sites on the catalytic activity of the carbonic anhydrase (CA)-mimetic SAzymes are reported.

Adsorption of strobilurin fungicide Kresoxim methyl onto diverse Indian soils: kinetic and mechanistic modeling.

Background: Extensive use of Kresoxim methyl, its ability to bio-concentrate and its carcinogenic nature makes this strobilurin fungicide a prominent leaching contaminant contributing to ground water pollution. Understanding its sorption kinetics is essential for elucidating the sorption mechanisms occurring in soil and for predicting its transport across various kinds of soil. In the current study, adsorption kinetics of kresoxim methyl onto ten soil samples of different geographical regions (Shivalik hills, Bhabhar and Indo-Gangetic plains) were examined.

Enhancing India's Health Security Efforts Against : Gaps and Opportunities.

India bears a quarter of the world's tuberculosis (TB) burden. In 2018, the country set an ambitious goal to eliminate TB by 2025-5 years ahead of the global target. While India has launched several large-scale public health initiatives, including Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan and Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana, several challenges persist that threaten progress toward elimination.

Feasibility and Challenges of Low-Carbon Transition of China's Power System.

Low-carbon transition of China's power system is pivotal for global climate management. National aggregate analysis in prior work (10.1038/s41560-021-00863-0, 10.

Biomimetic Nanoparticles with Sustained-Release for Stepwise Targeting Ion Channels in Inhibiting Leukemia Cell Growth.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is extremely difficult to cure due to the challenges in accurately targeting it, as it is characterized by rapid progression, high aggressiveness, and high drug resistance. In this study, biomimetic sustained release nanoparticles (PLGA-C-M) were designed and prepared to inhibit the survival and resistance pathways of AML. PLGA-C-M targeted AML cells by wrapping leukemia cell membranes, achieving sustained slow drug release in the blood, and then progressively affecting intracellular Ca signaling by targeting TRPM2 ion channels that were highly expressed in AML in a step-by-step manner.

Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction beyond clinical risk factors but perform poorly in non-European populations, where T2D burden is often higher, undermining their global clinical utility.

Methods: We conducted the largest global effort to date to harmonize T2D genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses across five ancestries-European (EUR), African/African American (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS)-including 360,000 T2D cases and 1·8 million controls (41% non-EUR). We constructed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSs in training datasets including 11,000 T2D cases and 32,000 controls, and validated their performance in independent datasets including 39,000 T2D cases and 126,000 controls of diverse ancestries.

Bio-Inspired 2D Asymmetric Nanochannels for High-Resolution Li/Mg Separation.

Extracting lithium from salt lake brines is crucial to achieve sustainable development of lithium resources. However, it remains a major challenge to design nanochannels with efficient selectivity and fast transport for target ions. Here, inspired by biological membranes, we reported a Janus graphene oxide membrane (JGOM) with an asymmetric structure that exhibits diode-like ion transport behavior and achieves high-efficiency Li/Mg⁺ separation for lithium extraction applications.