Machine learning evaluation model of pilot workload in a low-visibility environment.

To analyze the variation trend of pilots' workload in a low-visibility flight environment and then put forward a scientific evaluation method, this study set up an experimental platform using an E01-pro simulated flight platform and a PhysioPlux multipurpose physiological index tester. The ECG signal data of 40 pilots in normal- and low-visibility flight environments were monitored and collected. Meanwhile, the workload and heart rate (HR) changes of pilots under different visibility levels were analyzed in accordance with the American NASA-TLX workload scale, and the sensitive indexes significantly affecting pilots' workload among ECG signal indexes were screened and extracted.

Functionalized separator strategies accelerate the development of zinc-ion batteries.

Zinc-ion batteries have garnered significant attention owing to their high energy density, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. However, challenges such as zinc dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, inert by-products, and zinc metal corrosion have substantially impeded the practical application of these batteries. Recently, functional modification of separators has emerged as a promising strategy to address these issues.

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of TCX gene family and the critical role of GhTCX17 in response to drought and salt stress in cotton.

Cotton is an important natural fiber crop. The Tesmin/TSO1-like CXC (TCX) gene family plays an important role in plant resistance to environmental stress, and its mechanism is still not clear in cotton. In this study, we systematically identified the potential functions of TCX family genes in cotton were investigated based on genome identification, phylogenetic and genomic analyses, chromosome mapping and cis-regulatory element prediction.

Biomimetic Janus Membranes Fabricated via Single-Step Electrospinning: Bead-on-String Architecture for Enhanced Atmospheric Fog Harvesting.

To address water scarcity in arid regions, this study proposes a high-efficiency fog harvesting material development strategy based on wettability gradient regulation. Controllable assembly of polyvinyl chloride nanofibers with bead-on-string structures on hydrophilic substrate surfaces is achieved through a 5 min electrospinning process. The fabricated Janus membrane achieves a contact angle differential of 141°, establishing an asymmetric wetting structure that enables directional droplet transport.

Electrochemical synthesis of PhSe/CF-containing dibenzazepines radical cascade cyclization of alkynes.

A green and simple electrochemical method for the synthesis of PhSe/CF-containing dioxodibenzothiazepines has been developed radical cascade cyclization of alkynes. This transformation provides a novel approach for the synthesis of 7-membered heterocycles without the addition of any external catalyst or oxidant under mild reaction conditions. A gram-scale experiment demonstrated the practicality of this transformation.

Highly Regio- and Diastereoselective 1,3-DC Reaction of BDAs and Nitrones: Synthesis of the Spiro[benzofuran-2,5'-isoxazolidine] Framework.

A novel series of spiro[benzofuran-2,5'-isoxazolidine] compounds was successfully synthesized using a catalyst-free 1,3-DC reaction between benzofuran-derived azadienes (BDAs) and nitrones. This methodology achieved high regio- and diastereoselectivity and demonstrated remarkable tolerance toward various functional groups in both BDAs and nitrones, yielding products with good to excellent efficiencies (79-99%). Gram-scale synthesis and subsequent functional transformations further validated the application value of this method for further functionalization.

The Effect of Adding Different Elements (Mg, Fe, Cu, and Ce) on the Properties of NiCoO for CO-Catalyzed Oxidation.

In this experiment, NiCoO catalysts, with different elements added (Mg, Fe, Cu, and Ce), were prepared using the co-precipitation method to investigate their catalytic performance for carbon monoxide, as well as their water resistance and sulfur resistance. Combined with the sintering flue gas environment of Baosteel Zhanjiang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.

Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal the roles of apricot miR166a and miR396c in the growth and development of apricot-peach grafted chimera.

Plant grafting is widely used to cultivate fruit tree species such as apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and peach (Prunus persica) to address production challenges by creating graft chimeras with desirable traits. Two-way apricot-peach heterografted chimeras, apricot/peach (Pa/Pp) and peach/apricot (Pp/Pa), were generated with varied phenotypes. Analysis of microRNAs in the apricot (Pa) segment of heterografted chimeras identified a total of 732 miRNAs (300 known and 432 novel), with 257 differentially expressed compared to homografts (Pa/Pa).

Binding mechanism of Lentinus edodes ergosterol with HP-β-CD: Insights from in silico simulations.

To enhance the solubility and stability of Lentinus edodes ergosterol, this study was designed to investigate the potential of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to form a stable inclusion complex (IC) with ergosterol. Using signal factor and Box-Behnken design, the maximum encapsulation efficiency of 86.4 ± 0.

Giant Birefringence and Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Transmission by Coordination-Induced Assembly of π-Conjugated Pyridine-Carboxylate.

Giant birefringent crystal with large bandgap is of paramount importance for modern optical devices but simultaneous achievement of giant birefringence and large bandgap is a great challenge stemming from their inherent contradictory relationship according to Kramers‒Kronig equation. Herein, an organic-inorganic hybrid uniformly-stacked 2D crystal [Be(μ-OH)(CHNO)(HO)]·HO (I) was successfully synthesized by a molecular crystal engineering involving hydrogen bond synthons. Layered I features new [BeON(μ-OH)(HO)] helical chain composed of Be tetrahedral coordination, and the strong covalent Be cations coordinate with the O and N atoms on birefringence-active π-conjugated (CHNO) organic groups with optimal spatial arrangement.

First-Principles and Experimental Insights into Interfacial Structures and Properties between MAPbI and ZnInX (X = S, Se).

The interface between the MAPbI perovskite and layered ZnInS was investigated by first-principles calculations combined with the experimental study. To begin with, four different types of interfacial configurations were established and carefully examined. The interaction occurring between MAPbI and ZnInX is mainly determined by weak van der Waals forces.

Low-temperature, growth of graphene the active hexatomic aromatic ring species of dissociated α-naphthol.

Using small-molecule carbon sources such as α-naphthol, graphene (Gr) can be generated at relatively low temperatures (600 °C). By optimizing factors such as raw materials, carbon source concentration, growth temperature, and time, the few layers and high-quality Gr on copper (Cu) substrates is achieved, and the properties of Gr are analyzed. Pretreatment of the Cu substrates can enhance the smoothness and flatness of the Cu surface, thereby promoting uniform adsorption of carbon sources and continuous growth of a Gr layer.

Acid-Regulated Selective Synthesis of Benzofuran Derivatives via Single-Component BDA Retro-Aldol/Michael Addition Cascade and [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.

The acid-controlled single-component retro-aldol/Michael addition cascade reaction and [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzofuran-derived azadienes (BDAs) are reported for the first time. Under the conditions of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as the catalyst and with the addition of water, BDAs initiate the retro-aldol reaction, followed by a 1,4-Michael addition, yielding (arylmethylene)bis(dibenzofuran) products with excellent yields and broad substrate applicability. This represents the first application of BDAs in a retro-aldol reaction.

Multi-omics analyses unveil dual genetic loci governing four distinct watermelon flesh color phenotypes.

Watermelon fruit flesh displays various colors. Although genetic loci underlying these variations are identified, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we assembled a chromosome-scale reference genome of an elite watermelon and developed integrated genetic maps using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and structural variation markers.

Development of a detection device for part per billion level sulfur dioxide concentration in the air.

With the acceleration of China's urbanization process, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious and has attracted more and more public attention. In industrial activities such as thermal power generation, the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as coal releases sulfur dioxide (SO2), causing harm to ecosystems. Due to the uneven development between regions in China, heavy industries such as thermal power generation will exist for a long time, which will lead to a long-term process of sulfur dioxide control.

Response of different cotton genotypes to salt stress and re-watering.

Background: Cotton is a vital economic crop and reserve material and a pioneer crop planted on saline-alkaline soil. Improving the tolerance of cotton to saline alkaline environments is particularly important.

Results: Salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cotton plants at the three-leaf stage were subjected to 200 mM NaCl stress treatment, thereafter, microstructural observations beside physiological and biochemical analyses were performed on cotton leaves at 0 h (CK), 48 h (NaCl) and re-watering (RW) for 48 h.

The bright side of social media information overload for anti-COVID-19 behaviors: a stimulus-organism-response framework.

Social media has an important impact on social management by communicating information that influences individual behavior; however, too much social media information can cause user information overload. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic context provides an opportunity to analyze the impact of social media information overload on individuals' prosocial behaviors in emergency events. In this study, the impact of social media information overload on people's anti-COVID-19 behaviors, that is, behaviors that limit the transmission of COVID-19, was investigated by linking norm activation theory and information overload theory.

pHNRhCas9NG, single expression cassette-based dual-component dual-transcription unit CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome-editing (GEd) technology has revolutionized plant science, facilitating gene function studies and crop improvement. Despite its success, plant-specific CRISPR/Cas9 systems require further optimization. This study aims to boost plant GEd efficiency by revamping the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Highly Crystalline and Robust Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks for Long-life Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great potential in sodium-ion battery cathodes. However, most reported COF-based electrodes show unsatisfying capacity and rate performance due to their limited redox site density, low crystallinity, and poor conductivity. Herein, a highly crystalline and robust donor-acceptor type COF with abundant redox active sites is developed by the polymerization of donor unit benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b″:5,6-b″']trithiophene-2,5,8-tricarbaldehyde) (BTT) and acceptor unit s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone (ICTO) (denoted as BTT-ICTO) for cathodic Na storage.

The Effect of Aging Time at 600 °C on Tensile Properties of the 0.3Nb FeCrAl Alloy.

This study examines the impact of aging at 600 °C on the tensile properties of 0.3NbFeCrAl alloy at various temperatures, including room temperature (RT), 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C, as well as the corresponding changes in microstructure. Results demonstrate that as aging time increases, the grain size remains relatively stable, while the amount of precipitate gradually increases and becomes uniformly distributed.

Evaluation of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding in Multi-Process Profile Grinding of K4002 Nickel-Based Superalloy Blade Tenons.

The fir-tree blade tenon is an important connection part of the turbine blade; its machining quality directly affects the life and power of the aeroengine. At present, the machining of the blade tenon requires multiple profile grinding processes. This study highlights the whole profile of the grinding processes of K4002 nickel-based superalloy blade tenons in ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVG).

Straightforward Access to 4-Sulfenylated Isocoumarins via Sulfoxides/MOMCl-Enabled Regioselective Cleavage and Reconfiguration of C-S Bonds.

The combination of sulfoxides with MOMCl has been found for the first time to mediate electrophilic cyclization and install a variety of sulfenyl groups onto isocoumarin skeletons via regioselective cleavage and reconfiguration of C-S bonds. Notably, MOMCl, a mild and readily available alkyl chloride, was indispensable and played a significant role as an activator under neutral conditions in this transformation, thus expanding the scope of acid-labile substrates.

Identification and functional characterization of the SCL gene related to gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

GoSCL was involved in the regulation of pigment glands in the stem of cotton. In this study, we identified a transcription factor named GoSCL, which was involved in the regulation of pigment gland in the stem. Silencing of GoSCL decreased not only the number of pigment glands but also the accumulation of gossypol in the stem of the treated plants.

Reactivity of syn-CHCHOO with HO enhanced through a roaming mechanism in the entrance channel.

Criegee intermediates are highly reactive species that play a pivotal role in the chemistry of the atmosphere, substantially impacting global climate and air quality. They are formed through the reaction of ozone with alkenes and considerably influence the formation of hydroxyl radicals and aerosols through their unimolecular decomposition and their reaction with key atmospheric components, respectively. However, their interaction with water vapour, a major atmospheric component, remains inadequately characterized.

Integrated Metabolomic and Microbial Analysis of Quality Dynamics in Channel Catfish () Under Refrigerated and Frozen Storage.

Channel catfish () is a widely consumed freshwater fish known for its nutritional value but is highly prone to spoilage. This study investigated the quality changes of catfish muscle tissue under refrigeration and freezing through physicochemical, metabolomic, and microbial analyses. Results revealed that sensory scores decreased significantly during storage, with frozen samples maintaining similar scores to refrigerated ones after extended periods.