Comparative Noise Analysis of Readout Circuit in Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscope.

In high-precision Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscope (HRG) control systems, readout circuit noise critically determines resonator displacement detection precision. Addressing noise issues, this paper compares the noise characteristics and contribution mechanisms of the Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) and Charge-Sensitive Amplifier (CSA). By establishing a noise model and analyzing circuit bandwidth, the dominant role of feedback resistor thermal noise in the TIA is revealed.

Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Aryl-thiolation of Indoles: An Approach to Chiral Thioindoline.

We developed a palladium-catalyzed enantioselectivity dearomative thio-arylation reaction of indoles. The reaction constructs thioindolines by a single operation. The reaction has excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (78-91% ee), a broad substrate scope, as well as a good tolerance of functional groups.

Homoepitaxial growth of large-area rhombohedral-stacked MoS.

Interlayer stacking is an important degree of freedom to tune the properties of two-dimensional materials and offers enormous opportunities for designing functional devices. As a classic example, rhombohedral-stacked (3R) two-dimensional materials exhibit ferroelectricity and optical nonlinearity that are non-existent in naturally abundant hexagonal-stacked (2H) counterparts. However, the ability to grow stacking-controlled large-area films remains challenging due to the thermodynamic competition of different polytypes.

Quantum-Confinement-Effect-Tuned Cascade AlQDs/β-Ga₂O₃ Heterojunctions for Ultrasensitive Solar-Blind Photodetection and Interference-Resistant Imaging.

Solar-blind photodetection plays a crucial role in environmental monitoring, corona detection, and covert battlefield communication due to its unique high signal-to-noise ratios in the UVC band. Aluminum quantum dots (AlQDs) emerge as promising optical materials owing to their extended photoresponse in the ultraviolet region, along with their low cost and compatibility with optoelectronic devices. Herein, an AlQDs-based cascade solar-blind photodetector is presented with enhanced sensitivity, achieved through the quantum confinement effect.

Dietary choline deficiency potentiates Helicobacter pylori-driven gut-liver dysfunction via microbial metabolic rewiring.

Background & Aims: Approximately half of the global population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), yet the severity of clinical manifestations post-infection exhibits substantial heterogeneity, a disparity strongly correlated with host dietary and nutritional status. Choline deficiency, a widespread but frequently neglected condition, demonstrates poorly characterized mechanistic connections with H.

Directly printed standing ceramic circuit boards for rapid prototyping of miniaturization and high-power of electronics.

Ceramic circuit boards (CCBs) have been extensively utilized in 5G communications, aerospace, and artificial intelligence due to their excellent thermal conductivity and electrical performance. However, due to the limitation of manufacturing technologies, the existing CCBs can not take into account both the resolution and thickness, which restricts the miniaturization and high power of the resulting electronics. Herein, we report a standing-CCBs (S-CCBs) with both high-resolution and high aspect-ratio fabricated via sacrificial coating-assisted micro-3D printing.

Trinuclear Co(II)-Based Metal-Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Ring-Opening Reaction of Epoxides.

The ring-opening of epoxides plays a crucial role in synthesizing antitumoral pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, and the key lies in the rational design of highly efficient catalysts. Herein, by using 4-(2-carboxyethenyl)benzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) hydrate as mixed ligands, a new Co(II)-based porous metal-organic framework () has been synthesized via a solvothermal reaction. Structural analysis revealed that features unique trinuclear clusters as building blocks, which link with the ligands to form a sequentially porous two-dimensional network.

Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity of Hepatic Natural Killer Cells and Identifies the Cytotoxic Natural Killer Subset in Schistosomiasis Mice.

eggs in the host liver form granuloma and liver fibrosis and then lead to portal hypertension and cirrhosis, seriously threatening human health. Natural killer (NK) cells can kill activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) against hepatic fibrosis. We used single-cell sequencing to screen hepatic NK cell subsets against schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.

Yttrium-90-doped metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for low-dose rate internal radiation therapy of tumors.

Brachytherapy, or internal radiation therapy, is a highly effective treatment option for localized tumors. Herein, injectable and biodegradable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were engineered to deliver the therapeutic radioisotope yttrium-90 (Y). Particles of bimetallic MIL-100(Fe,Y) and Y-BTC, doped with Y and Y, were synthesized in a single step and retained radioyttrium in various buffer solutions.

Operationalizing game-theoretic weighting in public hospital cost control: an implementation framework from Chinese tertiary hospitals.

Objective: In the current cost management model of public hospitals, decision-making heavily relies on the subjective judgment of managers, resulting in a 12.9% cost overrun compared to the budget in 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Eastern China. To address the systemic issues in the hospital's cost control practices, this study introduced a decision-making framework based on the Game-Theoretic combination weighting method into the hospital's cost management system.

ShiftingGolf: Gross Motor Skill Correction Using Redirection in VR.

Sports performance is often hindered by unintentional habits, particularly in golf, where achieving a consistent and correct swing is crucial yet challenging due to ingrained swing path habits. This study explores redirection approaches in virtual reality (VR) to correct golfers' swing paths through strategic ball shifting. By initiating a forward ball shift just before impact, we aim to prompt golfers to react and modify their swing motion, thereby eliminating undesirable swing habits.

Integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomes reveals the role of COL1A2(+) MMP1(+/-) cancer-associated fibroblasts in ER-positive breast cancer.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly heterogeneous cells and important components of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their role and clinical value in ER-positive breast cancer have not been fully clarified. Our study aims to comprehensively characterize the heterogeneity, potential biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of CAFs in ER-positive breast cancer within the tumor microenvironment using multi-omics data, to provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of ER-positive breast cancer patients.

An mRNA vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses confers cross-protection against influenza a viruses in adult and aged mice.

Currently, vaccination with influenza vaccines is still an effective strategy to prevent infection by seasonal influenza virus. However, seasonal influenza vaccines frequently fail to induce effective immune protection against rapidly changing seasonal influenza viruses and emerging zoonotic influenza viruses. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccines may not confer potent protection in elderly and immunocompromised individuals.

Comparison of outcomes following prepectoral and subpectoral implants for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer.

Background: In recent years, different approaches to implant-based breast reconstruction have increasingly become an important option to meet both the treatment and postoperative aesthetic needs of breast cancer patients. This study selected two commonly used techniques for the prepectoral approach: single-incision, gas-inflated endoscopic prepectoral breast reconstruction (SIE-BR) and open prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (C-BR), as well as a commonly used technique for the subpectoral approach: open subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (SI-BR). By comparing the clinical efficacy and aesthetic outcomes of these three techniques in the treatment of breast cancer patients, this study aims to summarize the advantages of the prepectoral approach.

Probiotics fermentation enhanced the bioactive properties of water extract and improved regulation ability of gut microbiota.

This study investigated the probiotic potential of fermented beverages derived from (). Three different beverages were prepared by fermenting water extract with A6-3 ( A6-3), A27-1 ( A27-1), or both for 48 h. The results demonstrated that bioactive compounds from promoted the growth of these two probiotics and preserved their viability for at least 28 days at 4 °C.

The Synergy Effect of Al/Ti Electrodes on Effective Electron Injection for n-Channel Transistors and Ambipolar Complementary Circuits.

This paper reports the utilization of cost-effective bottom-contact electrodes composed of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) to facilitate efficient electron injection in n-channel organic transistors. The optimized Al/Ti electrode has a low work function of around 4.03 eV, combining the high conductivity of Al with the stable interface of Ti, making it highly suitable for the electrodes of n-channel transistors.

An interpretable deep learning model for hallux valgus prediction.

Background: This work developed an interpretable deep learning model to automatically annotate landmarks and calculate the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), reducing the time and error of manual calculations by medical experts and improving the efficiency and accuracy of hallux valgus (HV) diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 2,000 foot X-ray images were manually labeled with 12 landmarks by two surgical specialists as training data for the deep learning model. The important parts of the foot X-ray images centered on the proximal phalanx of the bunion (PH1), the first metatarsal (MT1), and the second metatarsal (MT2) were segmented using the proposed AG-UNet in the study.

Bio-Inspired P-type TeSeO Synaptic Transistor Based on Multispectral Sensing for Neuromorphic Visual Multilevel Nociceptor.

The development of neuromorphic color vision has significant research implications in the fields of machine vision and artificial intelligence. By mimicking the processing mechanisms of energy-efficient biological visual systems, it offers a unique potential for real-time color environment perception and dynamic adaptability. This paper reports on a multispectral color sensing synaptic device based on a novel p-type TeSeO transistor, applied to a neuromorphic visual multilevel nociceptor.

The formation of exciplex and triplet-triplet transfer in organic room temperature phosphorescent guest-host materials.

Organic materials typically do not phosphoresce at room temperature because both intersystem crossing (ISC) and phosphorescence back to the electronic ground state are slow, compared to the nonradiative decay processes. A group of organic guest-host molecules breaks this rule. Their phosphorescence at room temperature can last seconds with a quantum efficiency of over 10%.

Vibronic coherent quantum beat in four-layer platinum carbonyl cluster.

Vibronic coherence has been studied for years, but direct comparisons between the rich experimental features and theory remain rare. In this work, we investigate the vibronic coherent quantum beat of a four-layer platinum carbonyl cluster [Pt3(CO)6]42- in a solution utilizing femtosecond vis-pump/vis-probe transient absorption spectroscopy. By varying the excitational wavelength, quantum beats coupled to either the electronic ground state or the excited state are selectively prepared.

MOF-Enhanced Phototherapeutic Wound Dressings Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria.

Phototherapy is a low-risk alternative to traditional antibiotics against drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, optimizing phototherapy agents, refining treatment conditions, and addressing misuse of agents, remain a formidable challenge. This study introduces a novel concept leveraging the unique customizability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to house size-matched dye molecules in "single rooms".

Photocatalytic Diheteroarylation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Construction of 1,3-Diheteroaryl Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes.

Herein, we report a visible light-induced diheteroarylation reaction of [1.1.1]propellane to synthesize 1,3-diheteroaryl bicyclo[1.

Guiding nitrogen doped vanadium pentoxide nanoclusters on cobalt sulfide nano-flakiness as stable seamless interface anode toward highly energy density and durable asymmetric supercapacitors.

Interaction of the interface-heterostructures is crucial to rapid ionic conductivity and highly energy density of electrode materials toward supercapacitors. Herein, a novel anode heterostructure is synthesized using cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoflowers as a substrate for composite nitrogen doped vanadium pentoxide (denoted as N-VO@CoS) by combination of hydrothermal and calcination method. As expected, the N-VO@CoS electrode possesses superhigh specific surface area that significantly enhances the specific capacitance, and its unique porous interconnected structure not only reduces the volume effect during the cycles, but also greatly enhances the conductivity of electron transfer.

Polyoxometalates@Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis Strategies, Nanostructure Modulation and Application in Biomass Conversion.

Biomass is a rich and renewable source of carbon, and its rational and effective utilization is important for achieving green and sustainable carbon neutrality. POMs@MOFs composites have outstanding catalytic advantages in biomass catalysis due to their abundant and adjustable catalytic active sites as well as excellent acid catalytic activity. This review covers the current development of POMs@MOFs composites in biomass catalysis.