The OsRqc1-OsVms1 module regulates the temperature threshold in thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile rice lines.

Thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) lines are fertile at lower temperatures but male sterile above a critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT), which varies substantially across TGMS lines. Such lines are valuable resources for breeding two-line hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). However, as their utility is restricted by the CSIT, understanding its regulatory mechanisms has crucial breeding-associated implications.

The Geographic Distribution and Natural Variation of the Rice Blast Fungus Avirulence Gene in Southern China.

The avirulence () genes of the filamentous ascomycete fungus () are known to mutate rapidly under a higher selection pressure, allowing the pathogen to evade recognition by rice () genes. Understanding the geographic distribution and natural variation of genes is critical for the rational utilization and prolonging of the effectiveness of genes. In this study, a total of 1060 strains collected from 19 rice blast nurseries in 13 provinces across southern China were subjected to presence/absence variation (PAV), genetic variation, and virulence analyses of the gene.

Enhancing the blast resistance of an elite thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line (TGMS) Longke638S and its derived hybrid varieties by incorporating gene.

Unlabelled: Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen , is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The utilization of host resistance () genes in rice breeding program is considered as the most economical, effective, environment-friendly strategy for rice blast control. The gene , shows high, broad-spectrum and durable resistance to rice blast.

GLGW10 controls grain size associated with the lignin content in rice.

Grain size, which encompasses length, width, and thickness, is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice. Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified, the molecular mechanisms governing grain size and the lignin content remain largely elusive. In this study, we cloned and characterized GRAIN LENGTH AND GRAIN WIDTH 10 (GLGW10), a regulator of grain size in rice.

tRNA selectivity during ribosome-associated quality control regulates the critical sterility-inducing temperature in two-line hybrid rice.

The two-line hybrid rice system, a cutting-edge hybrid rice breeding technology, has greatly boosted global food security. In thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines, the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT; the temperature at which TGMS lines change from male fertile to complete male sterile) acts as a key threshold. We recently uncovered that (), a sterile locus presenting in over 95% of TGMS lines, leads to the overaccumulation of 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (cP)-ΔCCA-tRNAs and a deficiency of mature tRNAs, which underlies the molecular mechanism of -mediated TGMS.

Receptor-like Kinase GOM1 Regulates Glume-Opening in Rice.

Glume-opening of thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice ( L.) lines after anthesis is a serious problem that significantly reduces the yield and quality of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the opening and closing of rice glumes remain largely unclear.

Time-Course Strategy Reveals a Dual Potential of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Alternative in Adipocyte Differentiation.

Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) was associated with adipogenesis. However, potential mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Herein, a 3T3-L1 adipocyte model was used to explore the dynamic changes in adipocyte differentiation (2, 4, and 8 days) under PFOA and HFPO-DA exposure.

Starch digestion and physiochemical properties of a newly developed rice variety with low glycemic index.

This study aimed to clarify the starch digestion characteristics and related physicochemical properties of the newly developed low-GI rice variety, Ditangliangyou 335 (D335), in comparison with two widely grown rice varieties, Xiangzaoxian 45 (X45) and Zhongzao 39 (Z39). The results showed that D335 had an active digestion duration (286 min) that was 101-190 % shorter, a glucose production rate (1.06 mg g min) that was 57-73 % slower, and a total glucose production (303 mg g) that was 11-19 % less than X45 and Z39.

The E3 ligase OsHel2 impedes readthrough of stalled mRNAs to regulate male fertility in thermosensitive genic male sterile rice.

Heterosis is extensively used in the 2-line hybrid breeding system. Photosensitive/thermosensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines are key components of 2-line hybrid rice, and TGMS lines containing tms5 have significantly advanced 2-line hybrid rice breeding. We cloned the TMS5 gene and found that TMS5 is a tRNA cyclic phosphatase that can remove 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (cP) from cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs for efficient repair to ensure maintenance of mature tRNA levels.

OsKASI-2 is required for the regulation of unsaturation levels of membrane lipids and chilling tolerance in rice.

Chilling stress has seriously limited the global production and geographical distribution of rice. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with plant responses to chilling stress are less known. In this study, we revealed a member of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I family (KASI), OsKASI-2 which confers chilling tolerance in rice.

Altered generation pattern of reactive oxygen species triggering DNA and plasma membrane damages to human liver cells treated with arsenite.

Human exposure to arsenic via drinking water is one of globally concerned health issues. Oxidative stress is regarded as the denominator of arsenic-inducing toxicities. Therefore, to identify intracellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be essential for addressing the detrimental effects of arsenite (iAs).

The OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module orchestrates abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in rice.

Recurrent heat stress and pathogen invasion seriously threaten crop production, and abiotic stress often antagonizes biotic stress response against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms of trade-offs between thermotolerance and defense remain obscure. Here, we identify a rice thermo-sensitive mutant that displays a defect in floret development under high temperature with a mutation in SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3a (OsSGS3a).

Transcriptome profiling of two super hybrid rice provides insights into the genetic basis of heterosis.

Background: Heterosis is a phenomenon that hybrids show superior performance over their parents. The successful utilization of heterosis has greatly improved rice productivity, but the molecular basis of heterosis remains largely unclear.

Results: Here, the transcriptomes of young panicles and leaves of the two widely grown two-line super hybrid rice varieties (Jing-Liang-You-Hua-Zhan (JLYHZ) and Long-Liang-You-Hua-Zhan (LLYHZ)) and their parents were analyzed by RNA-seq.

Reproductive tissue-specific translatome of a rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line.

Translational regulation, especially tissue- or cell type-specific gene regulation, plays essential roles in plant growth and development. Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines have been widely used for hybrid breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about translational regulation during reproductive stage in TGMS rice.

Engineering of rice varieties with enhanced resistances to both blast and bacterial blight diseases via CRISPR/Cas9.

Rice blast and bacterial blight represent two of major diseases having devastating impact on the yield of rice in most rice-growing countries. Developments of resistant cultivars are the most economic and effective strategy to control these diseases. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to rapidly install mutations in three known broad-spectrum blast-resistant genes, Bsr-d1, Pi21 and ERF922, in an indica thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice line Longke638S (LK638S).

Combinations of Ghd7, Ghd8, and Hd1 determine strong heterosis of commercial rice hybrids in diverse ecological regions.

Heterosis of grain yield is closely associated with heading date in crops. Gene combinations of the major heading date genes Ghd7, Ghd8, and Hd1 play important roles in enhancing grain yield and adaptation to ecological regions in rice. However, the predominant three-gene combinations for a specific ecological region remain unclear in both three-line and two-line hybrids.