Mitochondrial cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, multi-omics exploration and therapeutic strategies.

Background: Recent research highlights that abnormal mitochondrial function is a key feature in several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. We propose a novel concept termed mitochondrial cardiovascular diseases (Mito-CVDs) to define these conditions, which involve heart and vascular disorders directly driven by mitochondrial impairments, with the aim of highlighting the critical role of mitochondria in CVDs.

Aim Of Review: This review aims to explore the complex relationship between mitochondrial impairments and Mito-CVDs, offering insights into potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to address these diseases.

FcRL1, a New B-Cell-Activating Co-Receptor.

Fc receptor-like 1 (FcRL1), a co-receptor specifically expressed on the surface of B-cells, plays a pivotal role in modulating B-cell immune activation and orchestrating humoral immune responses. This comprehensive review systematically synthesizes research advances in FcRL1 mediated transmembrane signal transduction mechanisms, its regulatory capacity in humoral immune responses, expression patterns during B-cell differentiation and development, and expression dynamics in B-cell malignancies, while critically evaluating the therapeutic potential of FcRL1 as a cellular targeting candidate.

The RNA Binding Protein Bcas2 is Required for Antibody Class Switch in Activated-B Cells.

In children, hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) is a type of severe antibody disorder, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The antibody diversity is partially determined by the alternative splicing (AS) in the germline, which is mainly regulated by RNA-binding proteins, including Breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (Bcas2). However, the effect of Bcas2 on AS and antibody production in activated B cells, the main immune cell type in the germline, remains unknown.

Metformin mitigates osteoarthritis progression by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing chondrocyte autophagy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by overall joint tissue damage. Metformin (Met) has been shown to inhibit inflammatory reactions, though its potential protective mechanism on cartilage remains unclear. This study investigated Met's potential to protect cartilage in an OA rat model.

The tumor immune microenvironment remodeling and response to HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.

Combination therapy with anti-HER2 agents and immunotherapy has demonstrated significant clinical benefits in gastric cancer (GC), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used multiplex immunohistochemistry to assess the changes of the tumor microenvironment in 47 advanced GC patients receiving anti-HER2 therapy. Additionally, we performed single-cell transcriptional sequencing to investigate potential cell-to-cell communication and molecular mechanisms in four HER2-positive GC baseline samples.

Featured immune characteristics of COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by multidimensional integrated analyses.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shares similar immune characteristics with autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, such associations have not yet been investigated at the single-cell level.

Methods: We integrated and analyzed RNA sequencing results from different patients and normal controls from the GEO database and identified subsets of immune cells that might involve in the pathogenesis of SLE and COVID- 19.

Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by the hypoxic microenvironment in gastric cancer augment tumour growth.

Background: Inflammation-related predisposition to cancer plays an essential role in cancer progression and is associated with poor prognosis. A hypoxic microenvironment and neutrophil infiltration are commonly present in solid tumours, including gastric cancer (GC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have also been demonstrated in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), but how NETs affect GC progression remains unknown.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SLE.

Little is known about the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmune diseases, especially in the case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients met with many questions during the pandemic in COVID-19, such as how to minimize risk of infection, the complex pathological features and cytokine profiles, diagnosis and treatment, rational choice of drugs and vaccine, good nursing, psychological supervision, and so on. In this study, we review and discuss the multifaceted effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients living with SLE using the available literature.

Improved BDS-2/3 Satellite Ultra-Fast Clock Bias Prediction Based with the SSA-ELM Model.

Ultra-fast satellite clock bias (SCB) products play an important role in real-time precise point positioning. Considering the low accuracy of ultra-fast SCB, which is unable to meet the requirements of precise point position, in this paper, we propose a sparrow search algorithm to optimize the extreme learning machine (SSA-ELM) algorithm in order to improve the performance of SCB prediction in the Beidou satellite navigation system (BDS). By using the sparrow search algorithm's strong global search and fast convergence ability, we further improve the prediction accuracy of SCB of the extreme learning machine.

Circular RNA circLOC101928570 suppresses systemic lupus erythematosus progression by targeting the miR-150-5p/c-myb axis.

Background: Accumulating evidence supports the implication of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, little is known about the detailed mechanisms and roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the levels of circLOC101928570 and miR-150-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE.

SIRT1 enhances oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA-20b-3p/DEPDC1 axis.

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a standard treatment drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), but acquired drug resistance limits the outcome of patients. We investigated the involvement of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in L-OHP resistance in the setting of CRC via microRNA-20b-3p/DEP domain containing 1 (miR-20b-3p/DEPDC1) axis. CRC tissues that were resistant or sensitive to L-OHP were harvested, in which SIRT1, miR-20b-3p, and DEPDC1 levels were tested.

Predicting response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer via multi-dimensional analyses of the tumour immune microenvironment.

A single biomarker is not adequate to identify patients with gastric cancer (GC) who have the potential to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, presumably owing to the complexity of the tumour microenvironment. The predictive value of tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) has not been definitively established with regard to their density and spatial organisation. Here, multiplex immunohistochemistry is used to quantify in situ biomarkers at sub-cellular resolution in 80 patients with GC.

The Association between Blood Indexes and Immune Cell Concentrations in the Primary Tumor Microenvironment Predicting Survival of Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer.

The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in tumor progression and treatment response. However, the association between immune cell concentrations in primary tumor and blood indexes remains unknown. Thus, we enrolled patients with gastric cancer (GC) in two cohorts.

Airborne transmission of COVID-19 virus in enclosed spaces: An overview of research methods.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has spread worldwide. This study summarized the transmission mechanisms of COVID-19 and their main influencing factors, such as airflow patterns, air temperature, relative humidity, and social distancing. The transmission characteristics in existing cases are providing more and more evidence that SARS CoV-2 can be transmitted through the air.

Correlation between the accumulation of skin glycosylation end products and the development of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Background: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurring in skin tissues can be measured by AGE Reader. Here, we assessed the correlation between AGEs values and the development of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods: The basic clinical information of 560 patients with T2DM was collected through an electronic system.

Exploration of Potential Integrated Models of N6-Methyladenosine Immunity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Bioinformatic Analyses.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. The epigenetic regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in immunity is emerging. However, few studies have focused on SLE and m6A immune regulation.

N6-methyladenosine-dependent modification of circGARS acts as a new player that promotes SLE progression through the NF-κB/A20 axis.

Background: Certain circRNAs could be used as biomarkers to determine the risk of development and/or severity of systemic lupus erythematosus, and their new function in the regulation of gene expression has motivated us to investigate their role in SLE METHODS: Experimental methods including qRT-PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), pulldown, dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA interference and cell transfection, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, western blotting, and mass spectrometry were used to assessed circGARS (hsa_circRNA_0009000) for immune functions and defined mechanisms by which circGARS promotes the progression in SLE.

Results: Our results demonstrated that the levels of circGARS was remarkably upregulated in SLE and correlated with clinicopathological features. CircGARS directly combined with microRNA-19a (miR-19a).

Increased Frequency of Circulating Classical Monocytes in Patients with Rosacea.

Purpose: Monocyte subsets, including classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes, are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The pathogenic role of monocytes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with rosacea remains unclear. This study aimed to assess frequencies of monocyte subsets in PBMCs from rosacea patients before and after clinical treatment.

Evaluation of airborne particle exposure for riding elevators.

Social distancing is a key factor for health during the COVID-19 pandemic. In many indoor spaces, such as elevators, it is difficult to maintain social distancing. This investigation used computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) to study airborne particle exposure in riding an elevator in a typical building with 35 floors.

Effective ventilation and air disinfection system for reducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection risk in office buildings.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing amount of evidence has suggested that the virus can be transmitted through the air inside buildings. The ventilation system used to create the indoor environment would facilitate the transmission of the airborne infectious diseases. However, the existing ventilation systems in most buildings cannot supply sufficient clean outdoor air for diluting the virus concentration.

Integrated Transcriptome Profiling Revealed That Elevated Long Non-Coding RNA- Expression Repressed Transcription in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Purpose: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a serious autoimmune disease. Its molecular pathogenesis, especially the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) function, remains unclear. We want to investigate the lncRNA dysregulation profile and their molecular mechanisms in SLE.

Association of CYP24A1 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer in the Jiamusi population.

Background: The population in Jiamusi has been reported to have the highest prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. The genetic causal-effect for this occurrence among the residents remains unclear. Given the long cold seasons with people wearing more clothes and reduced UV exposure, we aimed to study the association between the vitamin D metabolism-related gene CYP24A1 polymorphism and CRC susceptibility.

Skin autofluorescence and the complexity of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurring in skin tissues can be measured as skin autofluorescence (SAF). Here, we assessed the correlation between SAF values and the complexity and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications.

Methods: The basic clinical information of 825 patients with T2DM was collected through an electronic system, and SAF was measured by adapting a DM-Scan, a non-invasive optical signal detector.

Inverse design of the thermal environment in an airplane cockpit using the adjoint method with the momentum method.

Currently, the thermal environment in airplane cockpits is unsatisfactory and pilots often complain about a strong draft sensation in the cockpit. It is caused by the unreasonable air supply diffusers design. One of the best approaches to design a better cockpit environment is the adjoint method.