Orchestrating Nutrient Homeostasis: RNA-Binding Proteins as Molecular Conductors in Metabolic Disease Pathogenesis.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators of post-transcriptional processes, playing essential roles in nutrient metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. This literature review explores how RBPs influence the metabolism of glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism by controlling processes like mRNA stability and translation regulation. The dysregulation of RBPs, including HuR, PTB, and YTHDF1, is linked to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The RNA Binding Protein Bcas2 is Required for Antibody Class Switch in Activated-B Cells.

In children, hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) is a type of severe antibody disorder, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The antibody diversity is partially determined by the alternative splicing (AS) in the germline, which is mainly regulated by RNA-binding proteins, including Breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (Bcas2). However, the effect of Bcas2 on AS and antibody production in activated B cells, the main immune cell type in the germline, remains unknown.

Probiotics and Prebiotics: Meeting Dietary Requirements for Optimal Health and Planetary Sustainability.

Background And Objectives: Probiotics and prebiotics are valuable in enhancing human health and fostering sustainable development.

Methods: This review focuses on the role of probiotics and prebiotics at all stages of life to promote nutrient absorption, boost immunity, and support healthy aging by mitigating cognitive decline and chronic disease.

Results And Conclusions: Health and environmental sustainability are deeply connected, making probiotics and prebiotics promising tools for promoting well-being and achieving global sustainability goals.

High-power picosecond UV and deep-UV laser sources delivering powers of 30 W at 355 nm, 10 W at 266 nm, and 5 W at 213 nm.

Utilizing LiBO, -BaBO crystals, and an Nd:YVO laser with an average power of 70 W and a repetition rate of 100 kHz, we systematically demonstrated and operated high-repetition-rate, high-power, all-solid-state, UV, and deep-UV picosecond laser sources via high-efficiency third-, fourth-, and fifth-harmonic generation (THG, FHG, and FiHG). The maximum output powers of the radiation at 355, 266, and 213 nm reached 31.2, 10.

Intermolecular interactions probed by rotational dynamics in gas-phase clusters.

The rotational dynamics of a molecule is sensitive to neighboring atoms or molecules, which can be used to probe the intermolecular interactions in the gas phase. Here, we real-time track the laser-driven rotational dynamics of a single N molecule affected by neighboring Ar atoms using coincident Coulomb explosion imaging. We find that the alignment trace of N-N axis decays fast and only persists for a few picoseconds when an Ar atom is nearby.

Ultrafast photoinduced C-H bond formation from two small inorganic molecules.

The formation of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds via the reaction of small inorganic molecules is of great significance for understanding the fundamental transition from inorganic to organic matter, and thus the origin of life. Yet, the detailed mechanism of the C-H bond formation, particularly the time scale and molecular-level control of the dynamics, remain elusive. Here, we investigate the light-induced bimolecular reaction starting from a van der Waals molecular dimer composed of two small inorganic molecules, H and CO.

Femtosecond Collisional Dissipation of Vibrating D_{2}^{+} in Helium Nanodroplets.

We explored the collision-induced vibrational decoherence of singly ionized D_{2} molecules inside a helium nanodroplet. By using the pump-probe reaction microscopy with few-cycle laser pulses, we captured in real time the collision-induced ultrafast dissipation of vibrational nuclear wave packet dynamics of D_{2}^{+} ion embedded in the droplet. Because of the strong coupling of excited molecular cations with the surrounding solvent, the vibrational coherence of D_{2}^{+} in the droplet interior only lasts for a few vibrational periods and completely collapses within 140 fs.

Wave-Packet Surface Propagation for Light-Induced Molecular Dynamics.

Recent advances in laser technology have enabled tremendous progress in light-induced molecular reactions, at the heart of which the breaking and formation of chemical bonds are located. Such progress has been greatly facilitated by the development of an accurate quantum-mechanical simulation method, which, however, does not necessarily accompany clear dynamical scenarios and is rather computationally heavy. Here, we develop a wave-packet surface propagation (WASP) approach to describe the molecular bond-breaking dynamics from a hybrid quantum-classical perspective.

Transformer-Based Multiple-Object Tracking via Anchor-Based-Query and Template Matching.

Multiple object tracking (MOT) plays an important role in intelligent video-processing tasks, which aims to detect and track all moving objects in a scene. Joint-detection-and-tracking (JDT) methods are thriving in MOT tasks, because they accomplish the detection and data association in a single stage. However, the slow training convergence and insufficient data association limit the performance of JDT methods.

Focusing field energy flow simulation of an azimuthally polarized Lorentz-Gaussian beam modulated by a concentric vortex phase mask.

Based on the vector diffraction theory, this paper investigated the energy flow evolution of focusing an azimuthally polarized Lorentz-Gaussian beam modulated by concentric vortex phase mask. Three concentric zones make up the concentric vortex phase mask: the center zone, middle circular zone, and outer circular zone. Each zone has an adjusted phase.

Stereodynamical Control of D Formation from the Bimolecular Photoreaction in the D-D Dimer.

We report the stereodynamic control of D formation from the laser-induced bimolecular reaction in a weakly bound D-D dimer via impulsive molecular alignment. Using a linearly polarized moderately intense femtosecond pump pulse, the D molecules in the dimer were prealigned prior to the bimolecular reaction triggered by a delayed probe pulse. The rotationally excited D in the dimer was observed to rotate freely as if it were a monomer.

Focusing characteristics of chirped phase-modulated Lorentz-Gaussian vortex beams.

This work presents a thorough investigation of the focusing characteristic of chirped phase modulated Lorentz-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams based on the vector diffraction theory. The results show that changing the first-order chirp parameter can effectively adjust the size of the focusing spot, and the distance between focusing spots can also be controlled. The second-order chirp parameter can control the up-and-down movement of the optical chain in the focusing region.

Magnetization properties of radially polarized Bessel-Gaussian vortex beams with radial phase modulation in a 4π focusing system.

This paper explored the optically induced magnetization properties of radially polarized Bessel-Gaussian vortex beams with radial phase modulation in a 4 high numerical aperture (NA) focusing system, which is based on the vector diffraction theory and the inverse Faraday effect. The results show that in the case of radial modulation parameter =0, one longitudinal magnetization chain with adjustable length can be obtained by modulating the truncation parameter . When the radial modulation parameter =1.

Genomic Sequence Resource of , the Causative Pathogen of Pomegranate Pulp Rot Disease.

, a prominent pathogen responsible for pomegranate pulp rot disease, inflicts significant damage on L. Besides its pathogenicity, this fungus possesses the potential to produce substantial amounts of red pigments, making it promising for industrial applications. This study presents the genome annotation of field strain Tp-2, isolated from pomegranates.

Focusing pattern of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam with polarization mixing helical-conical phase modulation.

This paper focuses on the focusing pattern of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam with polarization mixing helical-conical phase modulation, which is based on the vector diffraction theory. The results show that the topological charge number can sensitively control the intensity of the intensity peaks. The focal spot will split along the optical axis under different polarization parameters .

Spatial localization ability of planarians identified through a light maze paradigm.

Spatial localization ability is crucial for free-living animals to fit the environment. As shown by previous studies, planarians can be conditioned to discriminate directions. However, due to their simplicity and primitiveness, they had never been considered to have true spatial localization ability to retrieve locations of objects and places in the environment.

Manipulating Parallel and Perpendicular Multiphoton Transitions in H_{2} Molecules.

We demonstrate that dissociative ionization of H_{2} can be fully manipulated in an angle-time-resolved fashion, employing a polarization-skewed (PS) laser pulse in which the polarization vector rotates. The leading and falling edges of the PS laser pulse, characterized by unfolded field polarization, trigger, sequentially, parallel and perpendicular transitions of stretching H_{2} molecules, respectively. These transitions result in counterintuitive proton ejections that deviate significantly from the laser polarization directions.

Electron transfer in strong-field three-body fragmentation of ArKr trimers.

We experimentally studied the three-body fragmentation dynamics of a noble gas cluster (ArKr) upon its multiple ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. The three-dimensional momentum vectors of correlated fragmental ions were measured in coincidence for each fragmentation event. A novel comet-like structure was observed in the Newton diagram of the quadruple-ionization-induced breakup channel of ArKr → Ar + Kr + Kr.

An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements.

An integrated interferometric fiber optic velocimetry sensor has been proposed and demonstrated at the central wavelength of 638 nm. The sensor is based on the principle of two laser-beams' interference. The light signal scattered from the particles or vapor is demodulated to measure the water surface velocity and water vapor velocity.

Enhancing Strong-Field Dissociation of H_{2}^{+} in Helium Nanodroplets.

We investigate the above-threshold multiphoton ionization of H_{2} embedded in superfluid He nanodroplets driven by ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses. We find that the surrounding He atoms enhance the dissociation of in-droplet H_{2}^{+} from lower vibrational states as compared to that of isolated gas-phase molecules. As a result, the discrete peaks in the photoelectron energy spectrum correlated with the HHe^{+} from the dissociative in-droplet molecule shift to higher energies.

Rabi oscillations in a stretching molecule.

Rabi oscillation is an elementary laser-driven physical process in atoms and artificial atoms from solid-state systems, while it is rarely demonstrated in molecules. Here, we investigate the bond-length-dependent Rabi oscillations with varying Rabi frequencies in strong-laser-field dissociation of H. The coupling of the bond stretching and Rabi oscillations makes the nuclei gain different kinetic energies while the electron is alternatively absorbing and emitting photons.

Femtosecond Rotational Dynamics of D_{2} Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets.

Rotational dynamics of D_{2} molecules inside helium nanodroplets is induced by a moderately intense femtosecond pump pulse and measured as a function of time by recording the yield of HeD^{+} ions, created through strong-field dissociative ionization with a delayed femtosecond probe pulse. The yield oscillates with a period of 185 fs, reflecting field-free rotational wave packet dynamics, and the oscillation persists for more than 500 periods. Within the experimental uncertainty, the rotational constant B_{He} of the in-droplet D_{2} molecule, determined by Fourier analysis, is the same as B_{gas} for an isolated D_{2} molecule.