Migratory Bird-Inspired Adaptive Kalman Filtering for Robust Navigation of Autonomous Agricultural Planters in Unstructured Terrains.

This paper presents a bionic extended Kalman filter (EKF) state estimation algorithm for agricultural planters, inspired by the bionic mechanism of migratory birds navigating in complex environments, where migratory birds achieve precise localization behaviors by fusing multi-sensory information (e.g., geomagnetic field, visual landmarks, and somatosensory balance).

A noncarcinoma mouse cell line is nonsusceptible to Newcastle disease virus established by spontaneous immortalization.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), as an avian pathogen, can infect a broad spectrum of cell lines in vitro. However, noncarcinoma cell lines possessing nonsusceptibility to NDV are rare. Here, we isolated primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which are nonsusceptible to NDV.

Deciphering the biphasic pulse signals based on nanoparticles translocated through nanopores.

Solid-state nanopores, as a high-throughput and label-free single-molecule detection technology, have been extensively employed in biomolecular analysis. This study investigates the translocation of gold nanoparticles through silicon nitride solid-state nanopores, systematically examining the influence of applied voltage and nanopore diameter on translocation signatures under low-salt conditions. Theoretical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that under low-salt conditions, the translocation signals of gold nanoparticles exhibit biphasic pulse characteristics due to the synergistic interplay of volume exclusion and surface charge interactions.

A temperature-adaptive component-dynamic-coordinated strategy for high-performance elastic conductive fibers.

Temperature-adaptive elastic conductive fibers (ECFs) are crucial for seamlessly integrating electronic textiles, promoting the development of wearables, soft robotics, and high/low-temperature electronics. Realizing ECFs with balanced elasticity, conductivity, and temperature adaptivity remains challenging due to the difficulty of coupling the mechano-electrical-thermal properties at a microscale fiber. We design a wet-spun ECF consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), silver flakes (AgFKs) and liquid metal microspheres (LMMSs) with regularly arranged filler architecture, revealing a cold/thermal stretching activated tricomponent-dynamic-coordination mechanism for autonomously-enhanced electrical conductivity (from ~1070 S cm at 25 °C to 1160 S cm at -30 °C and 3020 S cm at 180 °C) and improved electrical stability to sustain 1000 stretching cycles (60% strain at 80 °C).

Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies host factors for Newcastle disease virus replication.

Viruses rely strictly on host factors to determine their susceptibility. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian pathogen, can infect a wide range of avian, mammalian and human cell lines. However, NDV can only infect certain mammals and humans, and it does not cause disease in mammals or mice.

Biomimetic extracellular vesicles derived from chimeric antigen receptor monocytes to treat glioblastoma: An efficient and safe intranasal drug delivery nanoplatform.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic modality for glioblastoma (GBM) drug delivery. However, the clinical translation of EVs remains restricted due to their low yield and demanding extraction steps. Therefore, extracellular vesicle mimetics (EVMs), as alternatives to EVs, have received much attention.

Cerebrospinal Fluid-Derived Genomic Alterations Tracking Glioma.

Diffuse gliomas are aggressive brain tumors known for heterogeneity and frequent oncogenic mutations. Our study harnessed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a less invasive method for disease monitoring and guiding therapeutic interventions. Through targeted sequencing of ctDNA from CSF and matched blood and tumor tissue samples, we aimed to identify glioma-associated somatic alterations and DNA fragmentations.

Anthracene-Bridged Detergents for Membrane Protein Studies.

Detergents are indispensable for membrane protein (MP) research, yet innovative designs are needed to meet the diverse requirements of MPs. Herein, anthracene-bridged detergents (ABDs) are presented, featuring a curved anthracene-based scaffold with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic exterior. The modular synthesis of ABDs facilitates a systematic exploration of their structure-property relationships.

Photothermal-Responsive Aerogel-Hydrogel Binary System for Efficient Water Purification and All-Weather Hydrovoltaic Generation.

Hydrovoltaic generators (HVGs) convert abundant water energy into distributed electricity to promote the Internet of Things. Realizing low-cost yet high-performance HVG remains challenging, hindering its commercialization and application. Inspired by the xylem conduits in plants, which transport water and nutrients, an aerogel-hydrogel binary-component system (SHA-HVG) is developed.

Enhanced toxic effects of photoaged microplastics on the trophoblast cells.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging as a novel pollutant, raising significant concerns regarding their adverse effects on human health. Furthermore, MPs are susceptible to light-induced aging in the environment, which alters their physical characteristics and potentially alters their toxic effects. While previous studies have documented the retention of MPs in the placenta, the specific impacts of MPs, particularly aged MPs, on placental function remain poorly understood.

PHNet: A Pulmonary Hypertension Detection Network Based on Cine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images Using a Hybrid Strategy of Adaptive Triplet and Binary Cross-Entropy Losses.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal pulmonary vascular disease. The standard diagnosis of PH heavily relies on an invasive technique, i.e.

An in-depth study of the growth inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by Surfactin and its effects on cell membranes, ROS levels and gene transcription.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) poses a significant challenge to the shrimp farming industry. Although lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis have been shown to exert strong inhibitory effects against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study reveals that the lipopeptide surfactin, produced by Bacillus subtilis, significantly inhibits the Vp strain JSHY-1669 through multiple mechanisms.

Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for seven quality-related traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

QTLs for seven different quality traits were mapped. Six QTLs were considered stable and major QTLs, and the genetic effects of the QTLs were validated. Wheat grain quality traits are the key factors for economic value and are largely influenced by genetics and the environment.

Copper-Catalyzed Glycosylation Protocol Based on 1,4-Naphthoquinone-Derived Thioglycosides.

We report a copper-catalyzed glycosylation protocol utilizing 2-(-methoxyphenylethynyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-3-thioglycosides (NQTs) as effective glycosyl donors. These novel donors, characterized by a naphthoquinone scaffold, enable rapid and efficient preparation through a one-pot, two-step synthesis. Additionally, they are efficiently activated by cost-effective Cu(II) salts, facilitating glycosylation with a broad range of substrates.

Anti-phenolic glycolipid antibodies in infected cattle.

, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), causes significant financial losses in the agricultural industry. Additionally, transmission from animals to humans can result in zoonotic TB, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the need to enhance One Health surveillance to mitigate this threat. Antibodies directed against a major mycobacterial cell wall component of , phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), have shown excellent performance in identifying infection in humans and animals.

On-chip bidirectional optical frequency shifter for optical frequency transfer.

We report on the realization of an on-chip bidirectional frequency shifting device (BFSD), which can be well applied to optical frequency transfer (OFT) systems. The BFSD mainly consists of two cascaded traveling wave phase modulators (PMs), and after applying the serrodyne modulation, the optical frequency signal can be efficiently shifted bidirectionally. We fabricate the proposed BFSD on a thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform with a measured half-wave voltage of about 2.

A Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanozyme with Superior Peroxidase-like Activity for Combating Antibacterial Infections and Promoting Wound Healing.

As an antibacterial agent, HO is widely used to combat pathogenic bacterial infections clinically. To mitigate potential side effects associated with a high dosage of HO, it is pivotal to improve its antibacterial efficacy. Herein, a nanoscale porphyrin-based mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) nanozyme, Nano-PCN-222(Fe), was readily prepared by a one pot.

In(OTf)-Only-Catalyzed Glycosylation via Activation of an Alkyne Appended with an Amide Auxiliary Group.

We herein present the development of a novel glycosylation protocol using glycosyl --(-methoxybenzamidoyl)-propynyl benzoates as donors, activated solely by a catalytic amount of In(OTf), eliminating the need for a Au(I) catalyst. This approach offers mild and orthogonal conditions, enabling glycosylation across a broad substrate scope and facilitating versatile one-pot strategies for glycan assembly. Mechanistic insights suggest that In(OTf) serves dual roles by being recruited to the auxiliary group through σ-coordination while activating the alkyne via π-interaction.

,-Diaryl Glycosyl Imidates for Catalytic Glycosylation.

We report the development of a novel class of glycosyl donors, -diaryl imidates, distinguished by the presence of two identical aryl groups. These DAIs are efficiently synthesized from imidoyl fluorides, which are derived from symmetrical benzophenone precursors. Among the DAIs evaluated, the donor featuring two -fluorophenyl groups exhibits exceptional versatility and efficiency, enabling high-yield glycosylation reactions across a wide range of acceptors.

High antimony resistance strain Enterobacter sp. Z1 mediates biomineralization of antimony trioxide.

The increasing antimony (Sb) contamination prevalence poses a concern owing to its toxicity and potential carcinogenic properties. However, mechanisms underlying the microbial conversion of soluble Sb into insoluble Sb minerals remain unclear. In the present study, Enterobacter sp.

EMC2 suppresses ferroptosis via regulating TFRC in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy with poorly understood underlying molecular mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is not fully elucidated in NPC.

Method: We conducted quantitative proteomics to detect dysregulated proteins in NPC tissues.

Cytoskeleton dysfunction of motor neuron in spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deletions or mutations of survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. To date, the mechanism of selective cell death of motor neurons as a hallmark of SMA is still unclear. The severity of SMA is dependent on the amount of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which is an essential and ubiquitously expressed protein involved in various cellular processes including regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics.

Inhibiting autophagy further promotes Ginkgolide B's anti-osteoclastogenesis ability.

Excessive osteoclast activity could cause skeletal diseases including osteoporosis. Additionally, autophagy plays an initial role in osteoclast differentiation and function. Ginkgolide B (GB), a key compound in Ginkgo biloba, improves bone mass and suppresses mature osteoclast formation in vitro.