Structural basis for E4 enzyme Ufd2-catalyzed K48/K29 branched ubiquitin chains.

E4 enzymes amplify and remodel ubiquitin chain signals beyond the conventional E1-E2-E3 cascade. The first identified E4 enzyme Ufd2 preferentially catalyzes K48/K29 branched ubiquitin chains, yet the structural mechanism remains unknown. Here, we combined chemical biology and cryo-electron microscopy to visualize stable intermediates in Ufd2 loading ubiquitin at K48 of proximal ubiquitin on K29-linked di- and triubiquitin.

Trade-off between arsenic and straw-derived DOM immobilization in their co-sorption on γ-AlO: Implications for arsenic mobility and carbon sequestration in farmlands.

Straw-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) is widespread in farmland soils, but the relationship between straw-derived DOM and As in their co-sorption on minerals and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, batch experiments and spectroscopic analyses were employed to investigate the co-sorption of straw-derived DOM and As(III/V) on γ-AlO. Results showed a trade-off between the As(III/V) and DOM immobilization on γ-AlO under different pH levels, which was caused by competitive sorption.

Characterization of Calcifying Nanoparticles Isolated and Cultured in the Outer Capsule Wall of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst and their Correlation with Autophagy.

Purpose: To isolate calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) from the outer capsule wall of hepatic hydatid cysts and determine their in vitro characteristics and potential link to autophagy-mediated inflammation.

Methods: CNPs were isolated from 47 hepatic hydatid cyst walls and cultured for 4 weeks. The morphology and ultrastructure were examined using electron microscopy, and the elemental composition was determined using Energy-dispersive X-ray Microanalysis.

Cellulase- and pH-Stimulating Selenium Nanopesticide Enhances Antifungal Efficacy to Anthracnose: Action Mechanism and Environmental Safety.

Nanopesticides (NPs) provide a sustainable approach to reducing the use of chemical pesticides and mitigating their environmental risks in agriculture. In the present study, a pH and cellulase dual-stimulating system with the loaded pesticide penthiopyrad (PEN) was developed by incorporating hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) on the surfaces of mesoporous nanoselenium (MSe). In the measurement of antifungal efficacy of PEN against , compared to the neutral environment, i.

Metabolic mechanism of a novel carboxylesterase YvaK in Priestia aryabhattai DPX-1 for carbamate insecticide indoxacarb detoxification.

Carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and other ester bond-containing insecticides are widely present in agricultural fields and aquatic environments, posing residue risks and threatening human health. Microbial degradation represents the primary metabolic pathway for these insecticides, yet it often generates highly toxic metabolites. In this study, we isolated a high-efficiency indoxacarb-degrading strain, Priestia aryabhattai DPX-1, which can metabolize 68 % of 5 mg/L indoxacarb within 24 h without producing the high-toxicity N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW).

The role of m6A regulators mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis B: a novel diagnostic and prognostic indicator.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major health problem worldwide and is a major contributor to the progression of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accurate monitoring of the immune response and liver inflammation in CHB patients is critical for effective disease management. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a pivotal role in viral replication and immune modulation.

New insight on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of moving bed biofilm reactor driven by ferromanganese binary oxide: Performances and mechanisms.

The moving bed biofilm reactor with different iron-manganese ratios was developed to treat the simulated domestic wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The result showed that NH-N and NO-N of 96 ± 2 % and 55 ± 5 %, 97 ± 1 % and 34 ± 6 %, and 40 ± 5 % and 75 ± 4 % were removed in phases II-IV, and phosphorus removal included adsorption of biological iron and manganese oxides and biological removal. Ferromanganese binary oxide stimulated the extracellular polymeric substances secretion, and dissolved organic matter accelerated the iron-manganese redox cycling.

Mechanistic insights into the stimulation of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase Clr4 by proximal H3K14 ubiquitination.

H3K9 methylation, a conserved heterochromatin marker, is crucial for chromosome segregation and gene regulation. Clr4 is the sole known methyltransferase catalyzing H3K9 methylation in . Clr4 K455/K472 automethylation and H3K14 ubiquitination (H3K14Ub) are vital activators of Clr4, ensuring appropriate heterochromatin deposition and preventing deleterious silencing.

Polyethylene microplastics decrease the bioaccumulation and toxicity of picoxystrobin and azoxystrobin to microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus.

Fungicide residues can interact with microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment leading to mixed toxicity on phytoplankton. The investigation of biological effects obtained from combined fungicide and MPs is essential for proper evaluation of the ecological risks. Until now, the mechanisms that how polyethylene (PE) MPs altered the toxicity of picoxystrobin and azoxystrobin on microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus was unknown.

Structural visualization of HECT-type E3 ligase Ufd4 accepting and transferring ubiquitin to form K29/K48-branched polyubiquitination.

The K29/K48-linked ubiquitination generated by the cooperative catalysis of E3 ligase Ufd4 and Ubr1 is an enhanced protein degradation signal, in which Ufd4 is responsible for introducing K29-linked ubiquitination to K48-linked ubiquitin chains to augment polyubiquitination. How HECT-E3 ligase Ufd4 mediates the ubiquitination event remains unclear. Here, we biochemically determine that Ufd4 preferentially catalyses K29-linked ubiquitination on K48-linked ubiquitin chains to generate K29/K48-branched ubiquitin chains and capture structural snapshots of Ub transfer cascades for Ufd4-mediated ubiquitination.

Enantioselective Metabolism of Chiral Fungicide Prothioconazole by sp. Y-3 and Its Bioaugmentation.

Prothioconazole (PTC) is a kind of chiral triazole fungicide widely used in agricultural production, which can easily cause residual contamination and chiral selective toxicity. Microorganisms are the main participants involved in pollutant degradation in the environment. However, studies on the microbial enantioselective degradation of PTC and bioaugmentation of PTC-contaminated soil are still scarce.

Photocatalytic Bilateral Disulfuration of Thioethers Toward α-Sulfide Disulfides With Antibacterial Activity.

α-Sulfide disulfides represent valuable motifs in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, the limited availability of synthetic approaches for α-sulfide disulfides has impeded progress in this field. In this study, a photocatalytic approach to synthesizing modifiable α-sulfide disulfides is presented using accessible sulfides and a bilateral disulfurating reagent.

Biodegradation of the Fungicide Picoxystrobin by sp. H-9 and Detoxification Mechanism as Indicated by the Microalgae .

Picoxystrobin is widely used in agriculture, causing residual contamination of habitats and ecotoxicity. In this study, a picoxystrobin-degrading strain H-9 was isolated and identified as sp. It can rapidly degrade four strobilurin fungicides (picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl) to produce the corresponding SF acids and methanol via the hydrolysis of ester bonds.

Polyvinyl chloride microplastic triggers bidirectional transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in soil-earthworm systems.

The diffusion and distribution of ubiquitous microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil ecosystems are easily influenced by earthworm activity. However, minimal research exists on the bidirectional dissemination of ARGs in the soil-earthworm ecosystems under microplastic stress. Focusing on the typical microplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microspheres in simulated soil-earthworm (Eisenia fetida) systems, we characterized the PVC-triggered interactive transmission of ARGs between earthworm guts and their dwelling soils using shotgun metagenomics and qPCR methodologies.

Enhancing Rate Capability in High-Areal-Capacity Na-NiCl Batteries Using Graphene-Anchoring NiFe Nanoparticles as Cathode.

Planar high-temperature sodium-nickel chloride (Na-NiCl) batteries represent a promising energy storage technology. However, achieving high areal capacity at large current density remains challenging for Na-NiCl batteries. In this study, nickel-iron nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide (NiFe@RGO) is synthesized and serves as active metal electrode of Na-NiCl batteries.

TREM2 promotes the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a surface receptor predominantly expressed on myeloid cells, is a major hub gene in pathology-induced immune signaling. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of TREM2 in the tumor microenvironment in the context of HCC progression.

Development of nucleus-targeted histone-tail-based photoaffinity probes to profile the epigenetic interactome in native cells.

Dissection of the physiological interactomes of histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) is crucial for understanding epigenetic regulatory pathways. Peptide- or protein-based histone photoaffinity tools expanded the ability to probe the epigenetic interactome, but in situ profiling in native cells remains challenging. Here, we develop a nucleus-targeting histone-tail-based photoaffinity probe capable of profiling the hPTM-mediated interactomes in native cells, by integrating cell-permeable and nuclear localization peptide modules into an hPTM peptide equipped with a photoreactive moiety.

A Case Report of Meningitis Caused by Biovar 3.

Background: Brucellosis, a major endemic disease in northern China, is contracted by zoonosis of . We report a case of meningitis caused by biovar 3.

Case Presentation: A 46-year-old man was hospitalized at a local medical facility due to symptoms of fever, soreness, and weakness on April 16, 2021.

Metabolic mechanism, responses, and functions of genes HDH1, HDH3, and GST1 of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the insecticide thiamethoxam.

Misuse of insecticides such as thiamethoxam (TMX) not only affects the quality of tea but also leaves residues in tea. Therefore, exploring the metabolic mechanisms of TMX in tea plants can evaluate effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. Here, effects of TMX on tea plants were studied.

New thermoplastic poly(ester-ether) elastomers with enhanced mechanical properties derived from long-chain dicarboxylic acid for medical device applications.

Recent advances in medical plastics highlight the need for sustainable materials with desirable elastic properties. Traditional polyester elastomers have been used as alternatives to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) due to their biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties. However, these materials often lack the necessary stability and toughness for reliable medical applications.

Chinese guidelines for minimally invasive donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (2024 edition).

Background: Minimally invasive surgeries are increasingly central to modern medicine, particularly in liver transplantation. These techniques, which offer reduced trauma, precise operations, minimal bleeding, and swift recovery, are, however, unevenly adopted across China. Only a limited number of centers routinely perform minimally invasive donor hepatectomies, indicating a significant imbalance in the development and application of these advanced procedures.

Nucleostemin interacts with SMAD3 promoting tumor metastasis.

SMAD3 plays a crucial role in TGF-β, regulating various normal developmental mechanisms and disease pathogenesis. Here, we report that SMAD3 directly interacts with Nucleostemin (NS), leading to nuclear translocation and affecting SMAD3 activity after TGF-β1 stimulation. Moreover, NS acts as a competitor, preventing PPM1A from recognizing and dephosphorylating SMAD3.

Toxicity and Efficacy of Different Target Volume Delineations of Radiation Therapy Based on the Updated Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/National Research Group and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Guidelines in Patients With Grade 3-4 Glioma: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of grade 3-4 glioma by comparing the updated Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)/National Research Group (NRG) with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines for target volume delineation.

Methods And Materials: A total of 245 patients with newly diagnosed World Health Organization grade 3-4 glioma were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to undergo postoperative RT with concurrent and maintenance temozolomide. The radiation target volume delineation was determined by using either the updated RTOG/NRG (n = 122) or EORTC guidelines (n = 123).

An Organoid Model for the Therapeutic Effect of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Consensus regarding the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for colorectal cancer (CRC) regimen remains elusive. In this study, patient-derived tumor organoids from CRC were utilized as a preclinical model for in vitro drug testing of HIPEC regimens commonly used in clinical practice. This approach was used to facilitate the clinical formulation of HIPEC.