Dynamic Restructuring of Stacking-Fault-Rich Copper Catalysts.

Copper (Cu) catalysts with abundant defects are pivotal for converting CO into valuable multi-carbon products. However, the practical application of Cu catalysts is challenged by the thermodynamic instability of the defects, often leading to surface reconstruction during catalytic processes. Here, it is found that particle size and COO-containing intermediates are key factors driving reconstruction, as the defect stability is size-dependent and can be amplified by leveraging the highly reactive intermediates as the initial reactant.

Defining homologous recombination deficiency status in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Clinical implications for evaluating response to platinum chemotherapy.

Aims: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a daunting malignancy with limited therapeutic options; effective biomarkers are needed to improve its treatment decision-making. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in assessing the response to platinum chemotherapy in PDAC.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 264 patients diagnosed with PDAC.

Difference in the inhibitory mechanism against TMPRSS2 between camostat and nafamostat: implications for drug design.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in late 2019 as the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has triggered a global public health crisis. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is one of the key host factors mediating SARS-CoV-2 infection and invasion. The inhibitors against TMPRSS2 emerge as a promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 and other potential viral infections.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Personalized Carbamazepine Tablets Using Hydrophilic Polymers: An Investigation of Correlation Between Dissolution Kinetics and Printing Parameters.

Background: Precision medicine refers to the formulation of personalized drug regimens according to the individual characteristics of patients to achieve optimal efficacy and minimize adverse reactions. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has emerged as an optimal solution for precision drug delivery, enabling customizable and the fabrication of multifunctional structures with precise control over morphology and release behavior in pharmaceutics. However, the influence of 3D printing parameters on the printed tablets, especially regarding in vitro and in vivo performance, remains poorly understood, limiting the optimization of manufacturing processes for controlled-release profiles.

Artificial intelligence in neurodegenerative diseases research: a bibliometric analysis since 2000.

This bibliometric review examines the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurodegenerative diseases research from 2000 to March 16, 2025, utilizing data from 1,402 publications (1,159 articles, 243 reviews) indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. Through advanced tools - VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix R - the study maps collaboration networks, keyword trends, and knowledge trajectories. Results reveal exponential growth post-2017, driven by advancements in deep learning and multimodal data integration.

Cu-based dual-metal site catalysts for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

We synthesized a CuRhCr DMSC with isolated Rh and Cr single atoms in Cu nanoparticles a spark ablation in liquid (SAL) method. The isolated Rh and Cr single atoms have different coordination environments and can synergistically drive the catalytic process. The alkaline HER electrocatalytic performance of the CuRhCr DMSC is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C.

Liquid metal-based electromagnetic metasurface for continuous RCS reduction adjustment.

A liquid metal microfluidic metasurface is demonstrated for the continuous and simultaneous reconfiguration of electromagnetic properties, including phase, resonance frequency, and reflection amplitude. The metasurface, constructed from each split-ring cell with a variable cross-section, is fabricated using a polydimethylsiloxane array microchannel molding process. The designed subarray (5 × 3 units) of the metasurface enables continuous, independent, and differential regulation by bistable liquid metal microfluidics.

Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease: Exploring research hotspots and frontiers from a bibliometric and visual analysis (2005-2024).

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and insulin resistance (IR) share intersecting pathological pathways, with IR increasingly implicated in AD pathogenesis. Systematic bibliometric analyses mapping the evolution of this interdisciplinary field remain limited.

Objective: To quantify global research trends, collaboration networks, knowledge structures, and emerging frontiers in IR-AD research from 2005-2024.

Computational Exploration of Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Cyclobutanone with Alkene Catalyzed by Rhodium Versus Nickel: The Origins of Selectivities.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the rhodium- and nickel-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclobutanone with alkene, and uncover the origins of various selectivities. The major findings are as follows: (1) the previously proposed cyclometalation pathway for the nickel system is energetically unfavorable due to large bridge ring strain, and low electron density of Ni-center; (2) both catalytic systems follow a similar reaction pathway, including C-C(acyl) bond oxidative addition, C═C bond insertion, and C-C bond reductive elimination, but the insertion mode of C═C bond differs; (3) C═C bond insertion is a regio- and chemoselectivity determination step. Due to spatial configuration of the metal complex and orbital interaction, in the Rh system, the C═C bond undergoes 1,2-insertion into the Rh-C bond to form [3.

Ultra-Tough Poly(Urea-Urethane) Plastics With Superior Impact Resistance for Cryogenic Applications.

Traditional impact-resistant plastics become brittle at low temperatures due to restricted polymer chain mobility, rendering them unsuitable for cryogenic applications. Developing ultra-tough plastics with superior impact resistance under extreme low-temperature conditions remains a significant challenge. Here, this study reports the fabrication of ultra-tough, impact-resistant poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) plastics by cross-linking soft poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMEG) chains through multiple types of hydrogen bonds and hydrogen-bond aggregates with varying binding energies.

FGA, a new target of histone acetylation, inhibits apoptosis of granulosa cells in follicles.

Granulosa cells (GCs) are the main supporting cells for follicles, and histone acetylation has been reported to regulate follicular development. However, the mechanism of histone acetylation regulating follicular development is still unclear in GCs. In this study, we found that FGA, fibrinogen alpha chain, mediated the survival and fate of GCs.

The CmCt gene induced reversibility of copper toxicity in melon.

Copper is crucial for plant growth and development, but excess copper can damage the leaves of melons.We constructed a genetic population using M625 (copper sensitive) and M972 (copper tolerant) materials for precise localization. Under copper stress, we quantified the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities, hormone contents, copper accumulation, and conducted a detailed examination of leaf structural characteristics.

The Predictive Value of Multiparameter Characteristics of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Coronary Stent Implantation.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of multiparameter characteristics of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) plaque and the ratio of coronary artery volume to myocardial mass (V/M) in guiding percutaneous coronary stent implantation (PCI) in patients diagnosed with unstable angina.

Methods: Patients who underwent CCTA and coronary angiography (CAG) within 2 months were retrospectively analyzed. According to CAG results, patients were divided into a medical therapy group (n=41) and a PCI revascularization group (n=37).

Real-Time Evolutionary Landscape of the Bronchial Epithelium and Corresponding Dynamic Immune Cell Alterations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis.

The molecular mechanism by which tumor cells and their microenvironment evolve during lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) carcinogenesis remains unclear, greatly limiting its early diagnosis and treatment effectiveness in patients. To replicate pathogenic processes and identify the determinants of cell evolution, a rat model is established using tobacco-derived carcinogens. Here, a series of single-cell transcriptome profiles of normal lung epithelium, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is presented.

Process Development for the Continuous Manufacturing of Carbamazepine-Nicotinamide Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology.

Hot-melt extrusion (HME) offers a solvent-free, scalable approach for manufacturing pharmaceutical co-crystals (CCs), aligning with the industry's shift to continuous manufacturing (CM). However, challenges like undefined yield optimization, insufficient risk management, and limited process analytical technology (PAT) integration hinder its industrial application. This study aimed to develop a proof-of-concept HME platform for CCs, assess process risks, and evaluate PAT-enabled monitoring to facilitate robust production.

Distinct Role of TP53 Co-mutations in Different EGFR Subtypes Mediating the Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: TP53 co-mutations are closely associated with poor outcomes in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study aimed to explore whether TP53 co-mutations affect survival and response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with different EGFR subtypes.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 240 NSCLC with EGFR mutation (MT) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.

Humanized Major Histocompatibility Complex Transgenic Mouse Model Can Play a Potent Role in SARS-CoV-2 Human Leukocyte Antigen-Restricted T Cell Epitope Screening.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant threat to human health. Vaccines designed for T-cell epitopes play an important role in eliminating the virus. However, T cell epitope screening often requires the use of a large number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected or convalescent patients, and if MHC humanized mice can be used for epitope screening, they will not have to wait for enough PBMCs to be available to screen for epitopes, thus buying time for epitope confirmation and vaccine design.

Application of Humanized MHC Transgenic Mice in the Screening of HLA-Restricted T Cell Epitopes for Influenza Vaccines.

Background: Annual influenza epidemics pose a significant burden on the global healthcare system. The currently available vaccines mainly induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which are prone to antigenic variation, and this can reduce vaccine efficacy. Vaccines designed to target T cell epitopes can be potentially valuable.

Single cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analysis identifies MUC1 as a key gene for lung adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine transformation.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated significant effectiveness in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations. Despite initial success, resistance to EGFR-TKIs inevitably occurs. One observed phenomenon in resistant lung cancers is the histological transformation from NSCLC to neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).

An integrated bioinformatics and machine learning approach to identifying biomarkers connecting parkinson's disease with purine metabolism-related genes.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population, poses significant challenges in unraveling its pathogenesis and progression. A key area of investigation is the disruption of oncological metabolic networks in PD, where diseased cells display distinct metabolic profiles compared to healthy counterparts. Of particular interest are Purine Metabolism Genes (PMGs), which play a pivotal role in nucleic acid synthesis.

T4 DNA Polymerase-Proofread DNA Binding Identifier for Sensitive Homogeneous Immunoassays.

Aptamer-based homogeneous immunoassays exhibit considerable potential in the domains of bioanalysis and biodiagnosis owing to their universality in analyzing both proteins and small molecules as well as their compatibility with nucleic acid amplification technologies. Nevertheless, the substantial signal leakage by nonspecific aptamer allostery poses a challenge to enhancing sensitivity further. Herein, we reported a T4 DNA polymerase-proofread DNA binding identifier (ReID).

Gemini Molecular Assembly Colocalization (GOAL): Accurate and Efficient Fusion Genotyping for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Intelligent Diagnosis.

RNA small fragment aberrances are associated with diseases by mediating a range of pathogenesis and pathological processes. DNA assembly-based barcoding and amplification technologies are currently being actively explored for RNA in situ analysis. However, these modular integrated DNA assembly processes are inevitably accompanied with false positive signals caused by unexpected misassembly.

Inhibitors of Type II NADH Dehydrogenase Enzyme: A Review.

Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic organisms with an electron transport chain consisting of four complexes (i.e., CI, CII, CIII, and CIV) on the inner membrane, which have functions such as providing energy, electron transport, and generating proton gradients.

Deciphering the Effect of Postharvest 1-MCP Treatment Coupled with Low-Temperature Storage on the Physiological Activities and Edible Quality of Melon.

Fruits are an important source of a healthy diet due to their essential nutrients for daily intake. Melon is known as a significant fruit crop of the Cucurbitaceae family based on its various dietary benefits, but its shelf life needs to be maintained for long-term usage. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is a cyclopropene-derived synthetic plant growth regulator (PGR) that is used for significantly delaying the ripening process and maintaining the shelf life of climacteric fruits during storage.

Effect of Inoculation Volume on a Mouse Model of Influenza Virus Infected with the Same Viral Load.

Background: Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that poses significant health and economic burdens. Mice are commonly used as animal models for studying influenza virus pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and drugs. However, the viral volume used for nasal inoculation varies substantially in reported mouse influenza infection models, and the appropriate viral dose is crucial for reproducing experimental results.