Ferroptosis and aging: Inducing and catalyzing neurodegenerative diseases.

Ferroptosis is a newly recognized form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload-dependent lipid peroxidation. These pathological phenomena are often observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is an irreversible process characterized by the deterioration of tissue and cell function.

Demonstrating public health impacts of translational science at the clinical and translational science collaborative (CTSC) of northern Ohio: a mixed-methods approach using the translational science benefits model.

The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), aims to accelerate the translation of research into public health impacts. However, measuring the societal impact of translational research poses challenges due to extended timelines for implementation. This study uses the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) to evaluate the societal impact of CTSA-supported research at the Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative (CTSC) of Northern Ohio at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU).

Enhancing mental health diagnostics through deep learning-based image classification.

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies into healthcare, particularly for enhancing mental health diagnostics, represents a critical frontier in advancing patient care. Key challenges within this domain include data scarcity, model interpretability, robustness under domain shifts, and trustworthy decision-making-issues pivotal to the context of mental health and cognitive neuroscience.

Methods: We propose a novel deep learning framework, MedIntelligenceNet, enhanced with Clinical-Informed Adaptation.

Discovery of Pyrimidinedione Derivatives as Potential Herbicides: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Herbicidal Activity.

Weeds significantly impact crop yields, and pyrimidinedione herbicides remain essential for weed control. Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.

Scalable secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces using a plug-and-play system.

Streptomyces species are producers of bioactive secondary metabolites with clinical, agricultural and biotechnological applications. To scale these strains for industrial production, a plug-and-play system that orchestrates multitarget engineering for maximizing cellular contributions to secondary metabolites is needed. Building on the discovery that distinct quorum-sensing receptors within the Streptomyces genus can recognize an identical DNA-binding site, we build a quorum-sensing-triggered promoter applicable across various Streptomyces.

A multifunctional bacterial cellulose wound dressing based on cotton fabric for infected wound healing.

Wound infections caused by bacterial overgrowth can delay wound healing and burden patients heavily. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a desirable material for wound healing, but it is expensive to produce and lacks antibacterial properties. In this study, we present an innovative and effective strategy to prepare BC-Cot using hydrolysate from cotton fabrics.

Analysis of Echocardiography and Risk Factors Related to Prognosis in Adult Patients with Isolated Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

This study sought to echocardiographic manifestations and the related risk factors affecting the prognosis of isolated congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA). A total of 143 patients (≥18 years of age) were diagnosed with isolated CCTGA at Anzhen Hospital. The patients were classified as the operation group and the non-operation group depending on whether they had undergone tricuspid valve surgery.

Comprehensive Review-Chemistry and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites From Chaetomium globosum.

Chaetomium sp. is a widely distributed fungal genus that has been identified as a source of chemically diverse and biologically active natural products. This review aimed to comprehensively survey secondary metabolites derived from Chaetomium globosum, including chemical diversity, biological activities, and related pathways of biosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

PFKFB3-Inhibitor 3PO-Mediated Glycolytic Reprogramming Promotes Inflammatory Dental Pulp Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Aim: This study explores the role of PFKFB3 in pulpitis and its potential as a therapeutic target by modulating glycolytic reprogramming in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Pulpitis, a common inflammatory disease, causes long-term damage to dental structures. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming can modulate inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair.

Chloroplast acetyltransferase GNAT2 acts as a redox-regulated switch for state transitions in tomato.

State transition is a dynamic process to balance the amount of light energy received by photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) so as to maintain an optimal photosynthetic yield and to minimize photo-damage in a fluctuating light environment. Recent studies show that chloroplast acetyltransferase participates in the acetylation of photosynthetic proteins and state transitions. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.

Rational spatial rewiring of key enzymes enhances α-santalene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Spatial compartmentalization in eukaryotic cell factories often constrains the efficiency of metabolic pathways. Here, we systematically mapped the subcellular localization of nine core enzymes in the α-santalene biosynthetic pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, identifying metabolic bottlenecks associated with nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization. Through rational spatial engineering, including bioinformatically guided HMG1 truncation to achieve ER release and nuclear export signal (NES) tagging of key enzymes, we successfully rewired enzyme localization to enhance pathway flux.

Genome Mining and Heterologous Expression-Guided Discovery of Mangicol Sesterterpenoids with Antimicrobial and Antineuroinflammatory Activities.

The accelerating increase in antimicrobial resistance presents serious dangers to global health, food safety, and agricultural productivity. In this study, we explored fungal-derived sesterterpenoids as potential antimicrobial agents, focusing on mangicols biosynthesized by a newly identified bifunctional terpene synthase from 14005. By combination of genome mining, heterologous pathway reconstitution, and feature-based molecular networking, eight new mangicols featuring epoxy and tetrahydrofuran moieties on their side chains were identified and characterized.

LPS mediates cuproptosis and inflammation in THP-1 macrophages through HKDC1.

Cuproptosis is a recently identified form of copper-driven cell death characterized by the aggregation of acylated proteins and proteotoxic stress in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, which plays a role in inflammation. Recent studies suggest that hexokinase structural domain protein 1 (HKDC1), a fifth hexokinase, is involved in regulating mitochondrial function. However, the role of HKDC1 in cuproptosis and LPS-induced macrophage inflammation remains unclear.

Expanding horizons of CRISPR applications beyond genome editing.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technologies have rapidly evolved beyond genome editing, transforming fields such as molecular diagnostics, biosensing, transcriptional regulation, molecular imaging, protein interaction mapping, and single-cell analysis. Emerging CRISPR-based diagnostics harness the collateral cleavage activity of CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzymes for rapid nucleic acid detection. Advanced biosensors extend CRISPR's capabilities to detect ions, metabolites, and proteins by integrating synthetic biology components.

Murine cell lines with defined mutations model different histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Preclinical modeling of epithelial ovarian cancer in immune-competent mice progressing to orthotopic, spontaneous tumors is challenging, requiring multiple genetic modifications in the host. Transplantable models using cell lines are easier to implement than spontaneous animal models, given that they reproduce the key disease characteristics. To create new in vivo ovarian tumor models, we generated 28 murine ovarian cancer cell lines with distinct genetic traits, such as deletion of Trp53, activation of KrasG12D, or deletion of Pten or KrasG12D/Pten-/- combination.

Tunable dynamic engineering of cellular NAD boosts the production of antibiotics in actinomycetes.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) homeostasis is crucial for secondary metabolism in antibiotic-producing actinomycetes. However, NAD-based dynamic control strategies for boosting antibiotic titers have not been reported. We identified SACE_1905, an alcohol dehydrogenase in Saccharopolyspora erythraea, which converts NADH to NAD.

Prophylactic proton pump inhibitor use and all-cause mortality in adult sepsis patients: a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: Sepsis poses a significant threat to human health, and extensive research has examined the relationship between proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis. However, a consensus on this issue remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to develop a prognostic model to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic PPI administration in patients with sepsis.

A machine learning model for robust prediction of sepsis-induced coagulopathy in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Introduction: Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) is a common disease in patients with sepsis. It denotes higher mortality rates and a poorer prognosis in these patients. This study aimed to develop a practical machine learning (ML) model for the prediction of the risk of SIC in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Feature-Based Molecular Networking Guided Characterization of Clonocoprogen Siderophores with Anti- Activity in Nematodes through Immune Up-Regulating Effects.

Antibiotic resistance poses a severe threat to human health, necessitating research into antibiotics with unique mechanisms to combat drug resistance. Natural siderophores and their synthetic derivatives have become a promising resource for the development of anti-infectious agents. In this study, we introduce a new anti-infective agent with a mode of action that enhances host immunity without exerting direct antibacterial activity.

Ultrafast (600 ps) Vacuum-UV Reflective Scintillation Enabled by Surface Exciton Recombination in Layered Perovskite PEAPbBr.

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodetection is pivotal for space exploration and radiation monitoring, yet its dynamic imaging capability is significantly hindered by the slow response of conventional scintillators. However, existing scintillators exhibit microsecond-to-nanosecond decay time, failing to meet sub-nanosecond ultrafast imaging demands. Here, we uncovered a surface exciton recombination mechanism in layered perovskite PEAPbBr, where lattice contraction induced exciton localization, achieving ultrafast decay time of 600 ps-over 100-fold faster than commercial scintillation.

Ligand-Free Silver Fluoride-Promoted (3 + 2) Annulation of Oxaziridines and α-Isocyanoacetates: A Diastereoselective Route to Imidazolines.

A ligand-free silver fluoride-promoted diastereoselective (3 + 2) annulation reaction between oxaziridines and isocyanoacetates was developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of -2-imidazolines under mild conditions (room temperature within 10 min) with up to 90% yield. The resulting -imidazolines are readily hydrolyzed to -α,β-diamino acid derivatives while maintaining the stereochemical integrity. Additionally, the imidazolines can be efficiently converted to their epimers in high yields, providing stereodivergent access to the -α,β-diamino acid derivatives.

Ketenes as dienophiles in aza-Diels-Alder reactions with dicyanohydrazones for accessing pyridazin-3(2)-ones.

This study introduces a novel [4 + 2] cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of biologically significant 4-alkyl-substituted/unsubstituted pyridazin-3(2)-ones. This approach utilizes tautomerized dicyanohydrazones as heterodienes and -generated ketenes as dienophiles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the reaction follows an inverse-electron-demand (IED) [4 + 2] cycloaddition mechanism, driven by the interaction between the HOMO of the ketene and the LUMO of the tautomerized dicyanohydrazone.

Liquid Y2H-Seq, a Rapid and Data-Rich Alternative to Conventional Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening.

Highly laborious plating of cultures onto solid media is inevitable in conventional yeast two-hybrid systems. We have successfully developed Liquid Y2H-Seq, a method that replaces solid media with liquid media for culturing and displaces visual inspection of colonies with sequencing. Soybean (Glycine max) is a typical photoperiod-sensitive crop, meaning that a specific duration of light regime has a huge impact on soybean flowering and production.

Identifying and predicting EEG microstates with sequence-to-sequence deep learning models for online applications.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) microstates, as a non-invasive and high-temporal-resolution tool for analyzing time-space features of brain activity, have been validated and applied in various research domains. However, current methods for EEG microstate analysis rely on clustering algorithms, which require large-scale offline computations to obtain microstate labels and cluster centers. This offline approach is no longer sufficient for applications in cross-subject, cross-dataset, and multi-task scenarios.