Efficacy and Safety of the Bushen Quhan Zhiwang Decoction to Achieve Clinical Deep Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Protocol for a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by significant disability, with effective management of disease activity and pain constituting critical clinical objectives. The herbal formulation Bushen Quhan Zhiwang Decoction (BQZD) has demonstrated potential efficacy in symptom alleviation, suggesting a promising role in achieving sustained clinical remission in RA. The present study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of BQZD for managing RA disease activity and pain relief.

A rapid and sensitive fluorescence sensor for detecting bisulfite and its multifaceted applications.

In this study, a rapid and sensitive fluorescence sensor SFBEJ for detecting HSO was constructed through merging the quinolimide-thiophene scaffold with the methylenemalononitrile moiety. SFBEJ showed the enhanced fluorescence response to HSO, accompanying with fluorescence colors changing from yellow to yellow-green. SFBEJ presented the advantages with rapid response (within 2 min) and high sensitivity (Φ = 0.

TNF-α-preconditioning enhances analgesic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle in neuropathic pain miR-101b-3p targeting Nav1.6.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) has shown promise for pain relief, but its efficacy is limited. Preconditioning MSC with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may enhance their therapeutic potential; however, the impact on analgesia and underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we investigated the analgesic effects of EV from TNF-α-preconditioned MSC (T-EV) in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model and examined the molecular mechanisms involved.

Stress-induced reduction of sodium leak currents causes social deficits by impairing dorsal dentate gyrus-medial septum glutamatergic projection.

Stress-induced social deficits are related with the malfunction of dentate gyrus (DG). However, the exact molecular mechanism and/or neural circuit of DG participated in social impairments induced by chronic stress is not fully known. Here, we report that the sodium leak channel (NALCN) reduction in the dorsal DG (dDG) but not the ventral DG (vDG) induces social deficits of chronic stress through lowering the excitability and the firings of the glutamatergic neurons.

Antiviral activity of nitazoxanide against pseudorabies virus infection .

Pseudorabies (PR), an infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), has been responsible for substantial economic losses within the global swine industry. However, effective control measures and vaccines against PRV remain limited, thereby underscoring the necessity for the development of innovative antiviral agents targeting PRV. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, has shown efficacy in inhibiting a variety of viral infections.

Effects of a health education intervention based on the behavior change wheel on fear of hypoglycemia behavior in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Aims: To conduct a pilot randomized trial of an intervention based on the behavior change wheel (BCW) to reduce fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) behavior in person with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the study assessed the program's feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects.

Methods: This study utilized a single-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial design.

Sorghum aphid/greenbug: current research and control strategies to accelerate the breeding of aphid-resistant sorghum.

Sorghum, one of the world's five major cereal crops, faces significant yield losses due to aphid infestations, particularly from the sorghum aphid () and the greenbug (). These pests not only cause a reduction in grain yield, but also transmit plant viruses, posing a serious threat to global food security. Current strategies to mitigate aphid damage include large-scale insecticide applications, biological control through natural enemies, and the development of aphid-resistant sorghum varieties.

Genetic diversity and variation among Akabane virus field isolates from goats in Yunnan, China.

In China, the Akabane virus (AKAVs) has been reported in several host species. However, data regarding goats is still showing a gap. Akabane virus (AKAV) is an insect-borne virus from the family that in ruminant species, particularly affects pregnant animals, resulting in abortions, stillbirths, and premature broth, often with congenital abnormalities.

Association between weight fluctuation and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: The global incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased in recent years. It has already been demonstrated that exercise and weight change are associated with the occurrence of MASLD; however, the association between weight fluctuation caused by different exercise intensities and the risk of MASLD remains to be studied.

Aim: To investigate the impact of weight fluctuation and physical activity intensity on the risk of MASLD prevalence.

Integrating computational pathology and multi-transcriptomics to characterize lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity and prognostic modeling.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), characterized by high molecular and pathological heterogeneity. While traditional histopathology plays a key role in LUAD diagnosis, integrating computational pathology with multi-omics analysis provides novel insights into tumor microenvironment (TME) dynamics and molecular mechanisms. However, the relationship between pathological histological features and genomic instability in LUAD remains poorly understood.

Trajectories of physical activity and influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mixed-methods study.

Aim: To explore the different trajectories of physical activtity (PA) change in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and the factors affecting them, and to delve deeper into the PA experiences and needs of the different trajectory groups.

Design: An observational longitudinal study and a descriptive qualitative study.

Methods: 276 patients with T2DM were recruited from two tertiary hospitals and followed them up in this longitudinal study.

The activity of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsal-ventral poles of the dentate gyrus regulates distinct phenotypes of depression in mice.

Depression is a heterogeneous mental disorder. The dorsal and/or ventral dentate gyrus (DG) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. However, it remains unclear whether the activities of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsal and ventral DG contribute to the heterogeneity of depression.

Graphene oxide enhances aphid resistance in sorghum via the miR319-SbTCP7-SbLOX3 Pathway.

The aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) has emerged as a formidable pest, devastating sorghum plants and highlighting the need for sustainable management strategies. Graphene oxide (GO), as a novel material, has garnered attention for its use in crop cultivation and management, but its effects on biotic stresses remain elusive. Here, we used 10 mg/L GO to spray aphid-stressed sorghum seedlings four times in total.

Stroke Incidence Evolution in People With Newly Diagnosed Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A 34-Year Follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Study.

Objective: To examine the incidence of stroke in Chinese adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NDD), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) over a 34-year follow-up period.

Research Design And Methods: This cohort study included participants with NDD, IGT, and NGT initially identified in 1986 in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study who were followed up for 34 years. Patients with IGT were randomized into a 6-year lifestyle intervention or control group.

Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose.

Background: Existing evidence suggests that elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1-h PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is associated with atherogenic lipid parameters which are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals with elevated 1-h PG (NGT-1hPG-high) should still be considered low-risk.

Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing Neuromodulation Therapies for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

Introduction: Neuromodulation therapies (including non-invasive and invasive neuromodulation) are being used to treat painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).

Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted, from their inception until 1 October 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on neuromodulation therapies for PDN. Data were collected on pain intensity of various adjunctive therapies for PDN, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, spinal cord stimulation (SCS), transcranial direct current stimulation, frequency rhythmic electrical modulation system, mesodiencephalic modulation, and sham.

Younger-onset type 2 diabetes associated with increased long-term cancer risk in Chinese adults: A 30-year follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Study.

Background: We investigated the association between younger-onset type 2 diabetes, duration of diabetes, and cancer risk based on data from the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study (DQDPOS).

Methods: The analysis recruited 620 younger-onset (age≤50 years) and 649 older-onset (age>50 years) patients with type 2 diabetes, and 310 younger non-diabetes controls (age≤50 years). Multiple regression analysis was used to test the influence of younger-onset diabetes and duration of diabetes on the long-term risk of cancer.

Identification of m6 A-regulated ferroptosis biomarkers for prognosis in laryngeal cancer.

Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the larynx. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, a pivotal and prevalent epigenetic modification in eukaryotic mRNA, intricately intertwines with ferroptosis, and together, they play a crucial role in the development of LC. Accordingly, further research on related molecular mechanisms and pathology of LC is necessary.

Nanomaterials-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications in Osteoporosis.

The etiology of osteoporosis is rooted in the disruption of the intricate equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption processes. Nevertheless, the conventional anti-osteoporotic medications and hormonal therapeutic regimens currently employed in clinical practice are associated with a multitude of adverse effects, thereby constraining their overall therapeutic efficacy and potential. Recently, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative due to their minimal side effects, efficient drug delivery, and ability to enhance bone formation, aiding in restoring bone balance.

Compound C1 reduced inflammation and activated autophagy in alveolar macrophages in mice.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Compound C1 (Comp-C1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -mediated sepsis acute lung injury (SALI) in vitro alveolar macrophage model and its regulatory mechanism. In vitro cultured mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) were treated with LPS. The expression and localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB) after LPS stimulation were detected.

Methodological advances in liposomal encapsulation efficiency determination: systematic review and analysis.

Liposomes represent a highly promising drug delivery platform for a wide range of pharmaceutical compounds. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) stands as a critical quality attribute for liposomal formulations. Accurate determination of EE requires quantification of at least two parameters among the three distinct drug populations: total drug content, encapsulated drug fraction, and free drug concentration.

Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates myocardial injury following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis via the activation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exhibits protective effects against remote organ injury following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). However, its effects on acute myocardial injury induced by hepatic I/R in rats, and the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear.

Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Sham, I/R, VNS, VNS + Erastin, and VNS + DMSO.

Surface Components and Biological Interactions of Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication, carrying bioactive cargo and displaying diverse surface components that reflect their cellular origins and functions. The EV surface, composed of proteins, lipids, and glycocalyx elements, plays a pivotal role in targeting recipient cells, mediating biological interactions, and enabling selective cargo delivery. This review comprehensively examined the molecular architecture of EV surfaces, linking their biogenesis to functional diversity, and highlights their therapeutic and diagnostic potential in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders.

Different starch sources and amino acid levels on growth performance, starch and amino acids digestion, absorption and metabolism of 0- to 3-week-old broilers fed low protein diet.

The synchronized absorption of amino acids and glucose in the gut is essential for amino acid utilization and protein synthesis in the body. The study aimed to investigate how the starch digestion rate and amino acid levels impact the growth and intestinal starch and amino acid digestion, transport, and metabolism in juvenile broilers. The experiment was conducted with 702 Arbor Acres Plus broilers at 1 d old, which were randomly divided into 9 treatments with 6 replicates of 13 chickens each.