Unraveling the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Oxidation Potential of Fine Particulate Matter in China.

The oxidative potential (OP) of fine particulate matter (PM) is a more robust health impact indicator than mass concentration alone. While China's stringent air pollution controls have significantly reduced PM levels, the temporal evolution of OP and its relationship with PM remain unclear. This study establishes a national PM OP database (2000-2020) using a source-oriented CMAQ model.

The reconstructed evolutionary history of the Engelhardia spicata complex highlights the impact of a three-tiered landform in the Indo-Burma ecoregion.

Premise: The lateral displacement of the Indochina Peninsula, driven by the Indian-Asian plate collision, significantly altered the topography of the Indo-Burma ecoregion, affecting its climate and biological evolution. Despite the renowned biodiversity of the region, spatiotemporal patterns of evolution remain poorly understood.

Methods: We analyzed the Engelhardia spicata complex, which has a continuous distribution across Indo-Burma, based on a robust phylogenetic framework comprising 778 individuals from 80 populations, to elucidate spatiotemporal and paleogeological patterns of evolution.

Ongoing uncoordinated anthropogenic emission abatement promotes atmospheric new particle growth in a Chinese megacity.

Atmospheric new particle growth in diameter is the crucial process determining air quality effects raised by secondary aerosols. However, uncertain mechanisms and long-term trends of new particle growth limit the assessments of urban air quality evolution. Here we report an increasing trend of new particle growth rate in responds to anthropogenic emission abatement in urban Beijing during autumn from 2017 to 2021.

Increased Urban Ozone in Heat Waves due to Temperature-Induced Emissions of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds.

Urban ozone (O) pollution correlates with temperature, and higher O often occurs during heat waves, threatening public health. However, limited data on how anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC) precursor emissions vary with temperature hinders understanding their impact on O. Here, we show that the increase in non-combustion AVOC emissions (e.

A study on the thermodynamic performance of nano-silicide filled epoxy resin composite materials.

As the performance requirements for epoxy resin (EP) in ultra-high voltage systems become more stringent, electrical breakdowns remain a recurrent issue. Studies have shown that the incorporation of silicide nanomaterials (SiO, SiN, and SiC) into EP composites holds significant potential for enhancing thermodynamic properties. However, there is currently no clear consensus on the specific composition and proportion of these materials for improving the thermodynamic performance of EP.

Impact of marine chlorine emissions on secondary organic aerosols in North China Plain.

Chlorine radicals (Cl), as important oxidant in the atmosphere, significantly influence the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which is harmful to air quality and human health. Additionally, marine is an important source of reactive chlorine-containing species that are released into the atmosphere via sea spray aerosols (SSA). To date, the contribution of marine chlorine-containing species on SOA has not been well quantified.

Characterization of multi-pollutant air quality in China using health-centric air pollution indices.

Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated a strong association between air pollution and human health. However, the current Air Quality Index (AQI) methodology used in China has been criticized for relying solely on the maximum concentration of a single pollutant, thereby failing to reflect the cumulative health impact of multiple pollutants. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three alternative indices-the Health Risk-Based Air Quality Index (HAQI), the Air Quality Health Index, and the Air Pollution Index (API)-in characterizing multi-pollutant air quality across China from 2014 to 2023.

Key predictors of long-term outcomes in BCMA-targeted CAR-T therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Background: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy exhibits high response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (r/r MM). However, the specific factors that influence the response duration remain poorly understood.

Methods: This single-centre, retrospective observational study included 56 patients with r/r MM who received BCMA CAR-T therapy (equecabtagene autoleucel) at Tongji Hospital, China.

A new approach for hemodynamics of varicoceles: blood flow patterns based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Background: Hemodynamic alterations in the spermatic vein are implicated in infertility among patients with varicocele (VC). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), a powerful tool for hemodynamic analysis, remains unexplored for VC. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using CEUS to evaluate spermatic vein hemodynamics in patients with VC and establish a clear correlation between specific hemodynamic patterns and impaired semen parameters.

The 2023 report of the synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China: Carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening, and growth.

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms, targets, strategies, and governance systems. This report, based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change, employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas: air pollution and climate change, governance systems and practices, structural transformation and technologies, atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways, and health impacts and co-benefits.

[Synergistic Emission Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Atmospheric Pollutants Under Different Low-carbon Development Scenarios of the Power Industry in Jiangsu Province].

The power industry is the main source of carbon dioxide （CO） emissions in Jiangsu Province and also an important source of sulfur dioxide （SO）, nitrogen oxides （NO）, and particulate matter （PM）. In order to address climate change and contribute to the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality," Jiangsu Province has implemented a series of low-carbon development policies in the power industry. These policies not only reduce carbon emissions but also have important synergistic emission reduction benefits for atmospheric pollutants.

Optimization of Proportions of Alkali-Activated Slag-Fly Ash-Based Cemented Tailings Backfill and Its Strength Characteristics and Microstructure under Combined Action of Dry-Wet and Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

To enhance the application of alkali-activated materials in mine filling, cemented tailings backfill was prepared using slag, fly ash, sodium silicate, and NaOH as primary constituents. The effects of the raw material type and dosage on the backfill were examined through a single-factor experiment. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the mixing ratios of the backfill, with a focus on fluidity and compressive strength as key objectives.

Seasonal quantification of the inter-city transport of PM in the Yangtze River Delta region of China based on a source-oriented chemical transport model and the Michaelis-Menten equation.

Regional transport plays a crucial role in the pollution of fine particulate matter (PM) over the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD). A practical joint regional emission control strategy requires quantitative assessment of the contribution of regional transport. In this study, the contribution of inter-city transport to PM among the 41 cities in the YRD region were quantitatively estimated using a source-oriented chemical transport model, and then the relationship between the cumulative contribution of regional transport and the distance was examined using the Michaelis-Menten equation.

Unequal Health Risks and Attributable Mortality Burden of Source-Specific PM in China.

Anthropogenic emissions, originating from human activities, stand as the primary contributors to PM, which is recognized as a global health threat. The disease burden associated with PM has been extensively documented. However, the prevailing estimations have predominantly relied on PM exposure-response functions, neglecting the distinct risks posed by PM from various sources.

Modeling the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol under highly polluted conditions: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta Region in China.

A near-explicit mechanism, the master chemical mechanism (MCMv3.3.1), coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (CMAQ-MCM-SOA), was applied to investigate the characteristics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) during a pollution event in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in summer 2018.

Continued Rise in Health Burden from Ambient PM in India under SSP Scenarios Until 2100 despite Decreasing Concentrations.

Forecasting alterations in ambient air pollution and the consequent health implications is crucial for safeguarding public health, advancing environmental sustainability, informing economic decision making, and promoting appropriate policy and regulatory action. However, predicting such changes poses a substantial challenge, requiring accurate data, sophisticated modeling methodologies, and a meticulous evaluation of multiple drivers. In this study, we calculate premature deaths due to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) exposure in India from the 2020s (2016-2020) to the 2100s (2095-2100) under four different socioeconomic and climate scenarios (SSPs) based on four CMIP6 models.

China's carbon-neutral policies will reduce short-term PM-associated excess incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

China's carbon-neutral target could have benefits for ambient fine particulate matter (PM)-associated mortality. Although previous studies have researched such benefits, the potential impact on cardiovascular disease incidence burden is yet to be investigated thoroughly. Here, we first estimate the association between short-term PM exposure and the incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) via a case-crossover study before projecting future changes in short-term PM-associated excess incidence across China from 2025 to 2060 under three different emission scenarios.

The joint effects of prenatal exposure to PM constituents and reduced fetal growth on children's accelerated growth in the first 3 years: a birth cohort study.

Background: Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM) constituents exposure and reduced fetal growth may be risk factors for accelerated growth in early childhood, an important indicator for lifelong health.

Objective: The study investigated whether the joint effects are present between PM constituents and reduced fetal growth.

Methods: The study was embedded in a birth cohort in China, including 5424 mother-child pairs.

Trimethylamine from Subtropical Forests Rival Total Farmland Emissions in China.

Many types of living plants release gaseous trimethylamine (TMA), making it a potentially important contributor to new particle formation (NPF) in remote areas. However, a panoramic view of the importance of forest biogenic TMA at the regional scale is lacking. Here, we pioneered nationwide mobile measurements of TMA across a transect of contiguous farmland in eastern China and a transect of subtropical forests in southern China.

[Transport and Potential Sources Regions of Double High Pollution in Nanjing by Different Synoptic Situations].

Based on the hourly concentration data of fine particulate matter （PM） and ozone （O） in Nanjing from 2015 to 2019， the synoptic situation that occurred in Nanjing， in which high PM and high O coexisted （hereinafter referred to as double high pollution （DHP））， was typed using T-mode principal component analysis. Additionally， the backward trajectory clustering analysis method， potential source contribution method （PSCF）， and concentration weight trajectory analysis method （CWT） were used to study the transport paths and potential source region distribution of the DHP of Nanjing by different synoptic situations. The synoptic situations favorable to the DHP in Nanjing were the control of weak low-pressure type （Type1） and high-pressure center （Type2）.

[Impacts of Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on Urban Atmospheric Oxidizing Capacity During the COVID-19 Lockdown].

In recent years， regional compound air pollution events caused by fine particles （PM） and ozone （O） have occurred frequently in economically developed areas of China， in which atmospheric oxidizing capacity （AOC） has played an important role. In this study， the WRF-CMAQ model was used to study the impacts of anthropogenic emission reduction on AOC during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Three representative cities in eastern China （Shijiazhuang， Nanjing， and Guangzhou） were selected for an in-depth analysis to quantify the contribution of meteorology and emissions to the changes in AOC and oxidants and to discuss the impact of AOC changes on the formation of secondary pollutants.

WITHDRAWN: Insights into the source contributions to the elevated fine particulate matter in Nigeria using a source-oriented chemical transport model.

This paper has been withdrawn.

Dominant contribution of combustion-related ammonium during haze pollution in Beijing.

Aerosol ammonium (NH), mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia (NH) with acids in the atmosphere, has significant impacts on air pollution, radiative forcing, and human health. Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements. However, the sources of NH in urban areas are not well understood, and few studies focus on NH/NH at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH.