Recent advances in the discovery of novel bleaching herbicides inspired by natural products.

Pigment biosynthesis serves as a fundamental physiological process vital for weeds survival. Disruption of this pathway leads to the depletion of critical pigments, ultimately resulting in weeds death. Consequently, pigment biosynthesis has become a valuable target in modern herbicide development.

Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp)-H Phosphinoylation of Tetrahydroisoquinoline with Cl-Phosphine Oxide.

A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed radical C(sp)-H phosphinoylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline was reported. Easily accessible and inexpensive Cl-phosphine oxides were employed as phosphorus radical sources. The key steps in this strategy involve the generation of phosphorus and carbon radicals using the excited palladium complex.

Role of Crystal Water in Prussian Blue Analogs: Calcium Ions Stabilizers Enable High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have emerged as highly promising cathode materials for large-scale applications of sodium-ion batteries. PBAs usually contain the crystal water, which is thought to cause a series of negative effects and shall be removed as much as possible. However, the role of crystal water on the structure and the mechanism of its evolution remains poorly understood.

OCT-based quantitative predictors of coronary dissection during rotational atherectomy in severe calcified lesions.

Background: In the treatment of coronary calcification by rotational atherectomy (ROTA), guidewire bias is often considered to lead to procedure-associated coronary dissections or perforations. However, the actual meaning of guidewire bias is unclear, though it usually refers to the cross-sectional location of the intravascular imaging (IVI) catheter in the coronary artery. This study tentatively explores the quantitative criteria in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of guidewire bias, which may cause ROTA-induced coronary dissection.

Microneedle-Delivered Multivalent MPXV DNA Vaccines Induce Promising Immunity Profiles and Cross-Protection in Mice.

Traditional DNA vaccines, typically administered via intramuscular injection with electroporation (IM-E), often cause discomfort and require trained personnel. Addressing these challenges, we developed multivalent DNA vaccines targeting both intracellular mature virion (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) proteins of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), designated as M2 (A29L, B6R), M3 (A29L, B6R, M1R) and M4 (A29L, B6R, M1R, A35R). These vaccine constructs were formulated into dissolvable microneedle array patches (D-MAPs) for intradermal delivery.

Ryanodine Receptor Inhibition with Dantrolene Prevents Ventricular Tachycardia Induction in Patients with Structural Heart Disease - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Despite clinical need, no new drugs for treating ventricular tachycardia (VT) have emerged for over 20 years. In structural heart disease, posttranslational modifications render intracellular ryanodine receptor-2 (RyR2) calcium release channels leaky, which increases VT risk. Treatment with dantrolene, an RyR2 inhibitor, prevents VT in animal models.

Methane from urban river networks: distinct responses of methanogenic pathways to substrate stimulation.

Urban rivers are critical hotspots for methane (CH) emissions due to anthropogenic activities. However, the understanding of methanogenic pathways and potential drivers across different urban functional zones remains unexplored. A combination of microcosm experiments and field evaluations was employed to investigate the substrate responses of methanogenic pathways in urban rivers influenced by industrial, residential, and agricultural activities within Guangzhou city, a developed metropolitan area in Southern China.

Genome-wide association study identifying immune markers in Qingyuan partridge chickens infected with avian Leukosis virus subgroup J.

In poultry, Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) causes high mortality and significant eradication costs, with no effective vaccines, hindering industry development. Improving resistance to ALV-J offers both economic and ecological value. The Qingyuan Partridge Chickens is a high-quality, possesses certain disease resistance capabilities.

Value of the spot sign combined with the blend sign for predicting the outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who have undergone stereotactic minimally invasive surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of combining the computed tomographic angiography (CTA) spot sign with the computed tomography (CT) blend sign for predicting the outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who have undergone stereotactic minimally invasive surgery (sMIS).

Methods: Patients with ICH treated with sMIS between January 2018 and April 2023 at the affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University were retrospectively included. A modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of ≥3 at 3 months was defined as a poor outcome.

Interfacial Oxygen Locking via Gradient Structural Design: A Route to Air-Stable and High-Performance Sodium Layered Oxides.

In the pursuit of sustainable energy storage solutions, sodium-ion batteries have garnered significant attention due to the abundance and low cost of sodium precursors. However, critical issues such as moisture sensitivity, sluggish kinetics, and phase degradation, particularly the irreversible lattice oxygen redox and parasitic side reactions, have significantly constrained their development. Here, we create a coherent gradient lattice reconstruction on an O3-type layered oxide surface via nonaqueous solvent-assisted ion exchange to mitigate O loss and interfacial issues.

Aflatoxin exposure, chronic hepatitis infection, and HLA diversity converge to shape patient survival in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Aflatoxin remains an under-recognized hepatocellular‑carcinoma (HCC) risk factor in the United States, where the permissible food limit (20 ppb) is five‑fold higher than in Europe.

Methods:  We analyzed 350 TCGA-HCC cases with whole‑exome, RNA‑seq, and clinical data. Aflatoxin burden was quantified by single-base-substitution signature 24 (SBS24).

Real-world titration, persistence & weight loss of semaglutide and tirzepatide in an academic obesity clinic.

Aims: Trials of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RAs) found mean weight losses of 15%-21%, yet realworld dose titration and persistence remain suboptimal, limiting effectiveness. This study aims to determine real-world titration, persistence and effectiveness of GLP1RAs in patients managed within a multidisciplinary obesity clinic.

Materials And Methods: This is a singlecentre, retrospective cohort study of patients seen in a multidisciplinary obesity clinic at an academic medical centre from January 2022 to December 2024.

Regio- and Chemoselective Access to Borylmethyl-Substituted Silacyclobutanes via Copper-Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization.

Silacyclobutanes (SCBs) are pivotal synthons for constructing complex organosilicon architectures; however, synthetic routes to β-functionalized SCBs remain underexplored. Herein we report a novel Cu(I)-catalyzed borylative cyclization strategy that enables regio- and chemoselective synthesis of β-functionalized SCBs from silicon-tethered alkenyl chlorides and bis(pinacolato)diboron. This method provides a scalable approach for the construction of diverse borylmethyl-substituted silacyclobutanes under mild conditions.

Design, Synthesis, Herbicidal Evaluation, and Molecular Simulation of 2-(6-Phenylnicotinoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione Derivatives as Novel 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) has been an essential target enzyme in recent studies on herbicide discovery. In this study, a series of 3-hydroxy-2-(6-phenylnicotinoyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one derivatives were rationally designed following the active substructure combination principle, yielding potent novel HPPD inhibiting herbicides. The title compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), H and C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).

Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Outcomes Among Young Onset Breast Cancer Patients in Kijabe, Kenya.

Introduction: Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially for regions of sub-Saharan Africa where little is known about how age of diagnosis relates to breast cancer outcomes. Our study evaluated differences in characteristics and outcomes between those diagnosed with young onset versus average onset breast cancer at a tertiary referral hospital in rural Kenya.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study evaluating breast cancer patients at Kijabe Hospital, dividing cohorts into young (45 y).

CuCrO/CrO heterojunction gas sensor for low-temperature and high response HS detection and its application for meat freshness evaluation.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a highly toxic and flammable gas that is also an important indicator of meat spoilage. Therefore, real-time and accurate detection of HS concentration is essential to ensure environmental safety and human health. Despite its significance, achieving highly sensitive detection of HS gases at low temperatures remains a formidable challenge.

Genetic assessment and Identification of genes related to characterization of Guangdong local goose breeds based on modern and historical genomes.

Guangdong province has diverse local goose breeds with unique characteristics, but there is limited research on their genetic diversity, formation history and breed-specific genes. This study uses whole-genome sequencing to analyze 120 local geese representing four officially recognized breeds and two lines of the folk breed Sanzhou Black goose, as well as five museum goose samples in the region, combined with 56 geese whole genome data from NCBI, with the aim of understanding the genetic diversity and relationships of Guangdong geese, identifying the history of breed formation, and discovering genes linked to various traits in these geese. The results show a considerable degree of genetic diversity in Guangdong local geese.

The Effect of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides on Immune Performance and Intestinal Microbiota in Goslings.

This study evaluated the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides (YPF-P) on production performance, immune response, and intestinal health in goslings. A total of 240 one-day-old healthy male goslings were randomly assigned to four groups, each with six replicates of ten goslings. The Control group (Control) was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups received the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg (YPFPI), 400 mg/kg (YPFPII), and 600 mg/kg (YPFPIII) of YPF-P.

2-Hydroxybenzylamine for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: A First-in-Human Clinical Pilot Trial.

Background: Inflammation is a common mechanism for atrial fibrillation (AF). 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a novel therapeutic that scavenges isolevuglandins-a downstream mediator of inflammation and oxidative stress. 2-HOBA is safe and reduces AF in mice, prompting a first-in-human pilot clinical trial.

The relationship between spousal empowerment, quality of life, and subjective wellbeing among disabled elderly.

Background: As rapidly ages, the number of disabled elderly is increasing, leading to lower quality of life and greater psychological stress.

Aim: To explore the relationship between spousal empowerment, quality of life, and subjective wellbeing (SWB) among disabled elderly, providing insights and practical guidance for enhancing SWB in this demographic.

Method: A convenience sampling approach was employed to select 332 disabled elderly and their spouses.

Recent Advances in Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Materials for Enhanced Photothermal Catalytic Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction.

With the rapid growth of the human society, the concentration of CO in the atmosphere has caused serious environmental problems. Photothermal catalytic reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reactions, as an efficient and green pathway for CO conversion, has received widespread attention. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) materials have shown great potential in the field of photothermal catalysis due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties.

Associations between Dietary Carbohydrate Intakes, Fatty Acid Oxidation Rates, and Sites of Ectopic Fat Deposition Over Two Years in Persons with Treated HIV.

Background: Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) have exaggerated accumulation of ectopic fat and cardiometabolic disease risk.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize longitudinal changes in habitual diet and macronutrient oxidation in relation to changes in abdominal adipose tissue and ectopic fat sites using magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 49 males with HIV had comprehensive assessments at baseline, 52 wk (year 1), and 104 wk (year 2).

Discovery of novel benzomorpholine derivatives as potent URAT1 inhibitors with hypouricemic effects.

Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a clinically validated therapeutic target for hyperuricemia and gout. To obtain structurally novel URAT1 inhibitors, a series of benzomorpholine derivatives were designed by adopting a pharmacophore guided molecular hybridization strategy. Most compounds potently inhibit the human URAT1 in HEK293 cells, and the most active compound 7 exhibited an IC of 0.

A Novel Decision Aid for Colectomy in Diverticulitis: Cluster Randomized Pilot and Feasibility Study.

Background: Shared decision-making is crucial in choosing the ideal treatment for recurrent diverticulitis as it involves balancing medical management and surgical interventions in the context of patient preferences.

Objective: Describe the feasibility of a pre-visit patient online diverticulitis decision aid and explore the effect on patient-centered outcomes.

Design: Cluster randomized pilot trial.

SNHG5 Upregulated by Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through LIN28A-Mediated BCAT1 mRNA Stabilization and Autophagy Enhancement.

SNHG5 serves as a key factor in regulating various cancers, and Dexmedetomidine (Dex) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of SNHG5 in Dex-mediated protection during myocardial I/R remains uninvestigated. In this study, models of rat myocardial I/R injury and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury were generated.