Genome-wide identification of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes in almond and PdXTH2 overexpression induces cell structural disassembly and promotes programmed cell death progression.

The xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family plays a crucial role in fruit development and texture regulation. We used the telomere-to-telomere genome of 'Wanfeng' almond to identify and analyse the XTH gene family, examining protein physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, protein conserved motifs, gene structure, gene replication, and expression patterns. We identified 23 PdXTH family members through the telomere-to-telomere level genome of 'Wanfeng' almond.

A Spatiotemporal Atlas of the Gut Microbiota in : Implications for Health and Environment.

The gut microbiota of macaques, highly homologous to humans in biological characteristics and metabolic functions, serves as an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of human intestinal diseases and therapeutic approaches. A comprehensive characterization of the macaque gut microbiota provides unique insights into human health and disease. This study employs metagenomic sequencing to assess the gut microbiota of wild across various ages, sexes, and physiological states.

Ultrasound treatment retards senescence and promotes antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut broccoli by modulating membrane lipid peroxidation, GABA and phenolics accumulation.

The effect of ultrasound (US) treatment on storage quality and antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut broccoli was studied. Results indicated US treatment maintained a better appearance and retarded the increase of yellowing index, L∗, and microbial counts. Meanwhile, less reactive oxygen species accumulation including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide while higher antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase were induced by US treatment.

Second-order Calibration-assisted Excitation-emission Matrix Fluorescence Detection of Multi-class Mycotoxins in Grape, Wine and Raisin for Food Safety Assessment.

Mycotoxin in grape and its products (wine, raisin) is a widely concerned issue of food safety, it closely associated with consumers' health. In this study, an analytical strategy by combining second-order calibration method with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence detection followed photo derivatization (PD) was explored for rapid and sensitive analysis of aflatoxin B (AFB), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) in grape, raisin and wine. Except simple solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and concentration by vacuum distillation, samples don't need other complicated treatment steps any more.

Prediction of the potential geographic distribution of the Wilsonomyces carpophilus under multiple climate change scenarios.

Wilsonomyces carpophilus is capable of causing shot-hole disease drupe fruit trees globally, severely affecting plant health and fruit quality, and posing a major threat to agriculture and forestry under climate change conditions. During 2021-2024, we conducted extensive field surveys in a total of 90 sample plots in the wild apricot distribution area of Ili, Xinjiang, China, based on different factors such as tree age, slope orientation, elevation, stand and climatic conditions.Pathogenic fungi were isolated and characterized through morphological and molecular approaches.

Application of N stable isotope techniques to biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important nitrogen source in terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate estimation of BNF rate is essential to accurately quantify atmospheric nitrogen input to natural ecosystems. N natural abundance is commonly used to measure the BNF in symbiotic and associative nitrogen fixing plants, but are highly dependent on the choice of the reference plants.

Behavior-specific intervention: anti-escape trap net physically control Pimelocerus perforatus (Roelofs, 1873) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by exploiting ascending-descending behavior.

Background: The weevil Pimelocerus perforatus (Roelofs, 1873) is a major wood-boring pest of Luteolaceae, causing significant ecological damage and economic loss in China. Currently, there are no effective control methods due to their hidden feeding sites and lack of effective natural predators. The use of chemicals pesticides causes severe pollution.

Characterization of spatial and temporal correlation between ecosystem service and human activity intensity in Xinjiang, China based on supply and demand.

The balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services in arid zones is crucial for regional sustainable development. Taking Xinjiang as the study area, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of the supply and demand of food production, habitat quality, carbon storage, soil conservation, water yield and greenfield leisure in relation to the intensity of human activities during 2000-2020 by using bivariate spatial autocorrelation method. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the six ecosystem services in the study area were in a state where their supply was far greater than demand (supply/demand ratio>1).

Development of functional markers and expression analysis for a Peroxidase gene TaPod-A3 on chromosome 7AL in wheat.

Peroxidase (POD) is one of the key factors affecting the wheat flour quality. Characterization and development of functional markers, as well as expression analysis of POD genes, will help in breeding wheat cultivars and advanced lines with better flour quality. Here, we cloned a POD gene, TaPod-A3, on chromosome 7AL and developed its functional marker in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L).

The genetic structure and selective sweep analysis of meat pigeon breeds raised in Hainan using whole genome resequencing technology.

To investigate the genetic relationships and domestication status of Hainan meat pigeon populations, whole-genome sequencing was performed on 70 individuals across seven breeds: Shiqi (SQ), Silver King (SK), Shenwang (SW), Dabao (DB), Tianxiang No.1 (TX), Hybrid King (HK), and White Carneau (WC), with each breed represented by 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females). From 824 Gb of high-quality sequencing data, we identified 13,347,452 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Unraveling the mechanism of CaCl-assisted microwave demulsification: a dual-focus analysis on peanut oil body emulsions and their intrinsic proteins.

Aqueous enzyme extraction (AEE) is an eco-friendly peanut oil extraction method hindered by complex oil body emulsion (OBE). This study optimized a CaCl-assisted microwave demulsification (CAMD) process (10 mmol/L CaCl addition, 500 W microwave demulsification for 2 min). Compared with the control (no CaCl addition, no microwave), the demulsification rate boosted from 36.

Ellagic acid on milk production performance, blood and milk hormones, antioxidant capacity and fecal microbial communities in lactating Yili mares.

Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol, exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in humans and other animals, while contributing to intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This study investigated the impact of EA supplementation on milk production, hormone secretion, antioxidant activity, and gut microbiota in lactating Yili mares. Eighteen lactating Yili mares with an average body weight of 400.

Clinical study on the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on healing of proximal sesamoid bone fractures in Yili horses.

The incidence of sports injuries in horses is increasing, thus accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment are critical. Among common sports-related injuries, proximal sesamoid bone fractures (PSBFs) are one of the most frequent types. To investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on imaging and hematological parameters of PSBFs, providing a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of PSBFs in racehorses.

Negatively Regulates Drought and Salt Tolerance in Cotton.

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) has been shown to participate in various biological processes in plants, but its function in response to abiotic stress in cotton remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the third-largest subunit of Pol II (NRPB3) in the response of cotton to drought and salt stress through molecular biology and physiological methods. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of in roots, stems, leaves, and cotyledons and to detect changes in its expression under drought, NaCl, and ABA treatments.

Identification and Characterization of the Gene Family in Potato.

Carboxypeptidase A inhibitor (CPAI) is a globular polypeptide that specifically inhibits carboxypeptidase A activity in the insect gut, playing a vital role in plant defense against external stimuli. To date, this gene family has not been systematically characterized in potatoes. In this study, we identified the gene family using the potato DM v6.

Whole-Genome Analysis of sp. H5 Revealed Multiple Functional Genes Relevant to Tomato Growth Promotion, Plant Salt Tolerance, and Rhizosphere Soil Microecology Regulation.

Soil salinity adversely affects crop growth and development, leading to reduced soil fertility and agricultural productivity. The indigenous salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as a sustainable microbial resource, do not only promote growth and alleviate salt stress, but also improve the soil microecology of crops. The strain H5 isolated from saline-alkali soil in Bachu of Xinjiang was studied through whole-genome analysis, functional annotation, and plant growth-promoting, salt-tolerant trait gene analysis.

Effects of Sugar Impregnation Methods on Physicochemical Properties and Flavor Profiles of Prune Preserves Using GC-IMS and Electronic Tongue.

Thermal impregnation (TI) is a traditional method of sugar infusion, but it has disadvantages such as long processing time and uneven sugar distribution. Therefore, developing sugar impregnation methods to enhance product flavor, nutritional value, and processing efficiency is critical for addressing potential quality loss and efficiency bottlenecks in traditional preserve processing technologies. This study took the TI process widely adopted in Xinjiang over the long term as a reference and systematically compared the effects of vacuum impregnation (VI) and ultrasonic-assisted impregnation (UI) on the flavor characteristics and physicochemical properties of plum preserves.

A Novel Lytic Phage Harboring an Unprecedented Tail-Protein Domain Combination Capable of Lysing Cross-Host-Transmitted Strains.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant poses a significant threat to global public health and food safety, necessitating the urgent search for new strategies to replace conventional antibiotics. Phages are viruses that can directly target bacteria and have garnered attention in recent years for their development as antibiotic alternatives. In this study, 4458 samples were collected from farms, supermarkets, and human feces, yielding 65 strains of , which were serotyped using multiplex PCR.

Differential Metabolomics and Cardiac Function in Trained vs. Untrained Yili Performance Horses.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of training on cardiac structure and function, as well as plasma metabolite profiles in horses, in order to uncover the molecular regulatory mechanisms and cardiac remodeling under long-term exercise. We hypothesize that long-term standardized training induces physiological cardiac remodeling and differential metabolomic changes in Yili horses, which correlate with improved athletic performance. The study focuses on physiological exercise-induced cardiac remodeling, characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness and chamber size.

Transcriptome Sequencing and Differential Analysis of Ovaries Across Diverse States (Follicular and Non-Follicular Phases).

The Kazakh horse, one of China's indigenous primitive breeds, is renowned for its remarkable adaptability and distinctive physiological traits. The ovary is a vital reproductive organ in female animals, responsible for oocyte production and hormone secretion. However, limited research has been conducted on gene expression profiles in the ovarian tissue of equine species.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the GH19 Chitinase Gene Family in Sea Island Cotton.

In this study, GH19 chitinase (Chi) gene family was systematically identified and characterized using genomic assemblies from four cotton species: , , , and . A suite of analyses was performed, including genome-wide gene identification, physicochemical property characterization of the encoded proteins, subcellular localization prediction, phylogenetic reconstruction, chromosomal mapping, promoter cis-element analysis, and comprehensive expression profiling using transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR (including tissue-specific expression, hormone treatments, and infection assays). A total of 107 GH19 genes were identified across the four species (35 in , 37 in , 19 in , and 16 in ).

UAV-based multitier feature selection improves nitrogen content estimation in arid-region cotton.

Introduction: Nitrogen plays a pivotal role in determining cotton yield and fiber quality. Nevertheless, because high-dimensional remote-sensing data are inherently complex and redundant, accurately estimating cotton plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery remains problematic, which in turn constrains both model precision and transferability.

Methods: Accordingly, this study introduces a hierarchical feature-selection scheme combining Elastic Net and Boruta-SHAP to eliminate redundant remote-sensing variables and evaluates six machine-learning algorithms to pinpoint the optimal method for estimating cotton nitrogen status.

Ferrimagnetism in ionic liquid cation intercalated [Formula: see text].

The electrochemical intercalation is one of most powerful tools for tuning the intrinsic properties of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this work, ionic organic cations, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are successfully intercalated into [Formula: see text] interlayer via electrochemical intercalation. The both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] intercalated [Formula: see text] samples show ferrimagnetic transition with the transition temperature of 65 K and 85 K, respectively.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Schiff Base Derivatives Containing a Coumarin Moiety.

Naturally derived compounds often exhibit promising bioactivity. Coumarin is an important secondary metabolite widely found in various plants and fruits. In this work, a total of 30 novel Schiff base derivatives incorporating a coumarin moiety were synthesized and characterized using H NMR, C NMR, and HR-MS spectroscopies.

Integrative morpho-molecular delineation of five medically significant tick species: facilitating precision-based vector surveillance.

Ticks serve as major vectors of zoonotic pathogens, posing significant threats to public health and livestock. However, morphological similarity among closely related species complicates accurate identification. This study employed an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological and molecular methods to delineate five medically important tick species in Xinjiang, China.