Overexpression of CYP6CY36 and CYP380C34 contributes to metabolic resistance of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to flupyradifurone.

Flupyradifurone is a novel butenolide insecticide widely applied to control a broad range of sucking pests, including Myzus persicae. However, resistance monitoring has revealed that several Chinese populations have developed moderate resistance to flupyradifurone. Therefore, we investigated the risk and underlying mechanisms of flupyradifurone resistance in M.

Evolution of immunoglobulin M (IgM) structure and function in vertebrates: A comprehensive review.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM), one of the most ancient and conserved antibody classes in vertebrates, plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. As the first antibody isotype to emerge in jawed vertebrates, IgM has undergone sophisticated structural and functional adaptations throughout its 500-million-year evolutionary history. This review systematically examines the evolutionary trajectory of IgM from cartilaginous fish to mammals through integrated structural and functional perspectives, elucidating the intrinsic relationship between its multimeric structural variations and functional specialization.

Functionalizing walnut protein via consecutive purification and ultrasound modification: Self-assembled structure and interfacial properties.

The preparation of plant proteins generally involves three independent steps, which is time-consuming. Here, we integrated these three steps into one consecutive process (one-step preparation), which involved alkali extraction, membrane purification, and ultrasound modification. The obtained walnut protein was evaluated in terms of self-assembled structure, interfacial behaviors, and emulsifying properties.

Daphnane diterpenoids for cancer therapy by suppressing ATR-mediated DNA damage response pathway.

Lung cancer persists as the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, in which non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the predominant histological subtype of the disease. In this study, 26 structurally diverse daphnane diterpenoids (1-26) including six undescribed ones (1-6) were isolated from the whole plants of Daphne odora. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic, ECD, and chemical methods.

Multiple target and regulatory pathways of berberine.

Background: Berberine (BBR), a widely used monomer in traditional Chinese medicine, well-known for its extensive pharmacological activities against tumors, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease. These effects are mediated through the regulation of multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, including the MAPK, TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK/mTOR. In addition, BBR demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity by reducing pathogen invasiveness, disrupting biofilms integrity, preventing the formation of macromolecules, and interfering with metabolic processes.

A comprehensive review on the formation and mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) in edible oils: From oilseeds to oils.

Edible oils are susceptible to contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly PAH4 compounds, which include Benz [a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo [b]fluoranthene, and Benzo [a]pyrene, all of which are recognized for their toxic and carcinogenic properties. This review examines the mechanisms underlying the formation of PAH4 in edible oils, with a particular focus on the transformation process from oilseeds to oils. Factors influencing the formation of PAH4 include environmental contamination, the composition of fatty acids, and processing methods such as extraction, refining, and cooking.

A biodegradable chitosan-CMC-silk fibroin hydrogel enhances soil water retention and wheat growth in saline-alkali soil.

Enhancing water retention and crop productivity in widespread, challenging saline-alkali soils necessitates sustainable amendment strategies. This study reports the development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable hydrogel synthesized from natural polymers-chitosan (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-utilizing silk fibroin (SF) self-assembly for physical crosslinking, thereby avoiding toxic chemical agents. The resulting CS-CMC-SF hydrogel possessed a hierarchical porous structure (BET surface area ~ 163 m/g), exhibited high equilibrium water absorbency (~130-144 g/g in deionized water), demonstrated favorable swelling stability under relevant pH and salinity conditions, possessed thermal stability up to approximately 200 °C, and showed ready biodegradability (~78 % weight loss in 14 days soil burial).

Bioactivity of proanthocyanidin-whey protein isolate stabilized Pickering emulsion with encapsulated β-carotene.

β-carotene (BC) has many important physiological functions but is limited in functional food applications due to low stability and bioavailability. This study developed a Pickering emulsion delivery system stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) and proanthocyanidins (PC) with different polymerization degrees to encapsulate β-carotene. Compared to WPI, the incorporation of PC significantly increased the UV stability and encapsulation efficiency of BC.

FLA-UNet: feature-location attention U-Net for foveal avascular zone segmentation in OCTA images.

Introduction: Since optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is non-invasive and non-contact, it is widely used in the study of retinal disease detection. As a key indicator for retinal disease detection, accurate segmentation of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) has an important impact on clinical application. Although the U-Net and its existing improvement methods have achieved good performance on FAZ segmentation, their generalization ability and segmentation accuracy can be further improved by exploring more effective improvement strategies.

Biomimetic mineralization of alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase utilizing ultrastable Uio-66-F for rapid colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticide.

A rapid colorimetric method for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide (OP) was constructed based on biomimetic mineralization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in ultrastable Uio-66-F (AH@Uio-66-F). The morphology and structure of synthesized AH@Uio-66-F were fully characterized by TEM, XRD, EDS mapping, XPS and CLSM. While, the catalytic activity of two immobilized enzyme were studied to confirm their improved thermal stability.

Fullerenol Doped Matrigel Promotes Maturation of Intestinal Organoids by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

Small intestinal organoids are widely utilized in basic research, but challenges such as low survival rates, functional instability, and oxidative stress often limit their applications. Investigation of engineering strategies represents a compelling area of research in biomedical science. Fullerenes (C) and their polyhydroxylated derivatives such as fullerenols (C(OH)) exhibit potent antioxidant properties and , which have been utilized in biomedical research.

Complexation-driven 3D printable whey protein-lotus root composite gels for dysphagia foods.

The development of customizable nutritional foods suitable for individuals with dysphagia remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to design a 3D-printed gel integration lotus root whole powder (WL) and whey protein (WP), tailored to meet the nutritional and textural needs of dysphagia people. Results showed that WP significantly improved the printability of lotus root gel (WLG).

Design, Synthesis, and Study of Protective Activity Against Stroke for Novel Water-Soluble Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Activators.

Stroke poses a serious threat to human health, while there are very few drugs that can directly alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury and improve the prognosis. Studies have shown that small-molecule activators of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) have the potential to become novel therapeutic drugs for ischemic stroke. In this study, through the systematic structural optimization of novel -benzylaniline-based ALDH2 activators obtained from our previous virtual screening, ALDH2 activators with improved water solubility and activity were obtained.

SAM2-DFBCNet: A Camouflaged Object Detection Network Based on the Heira Architecture of SAM2.

Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) aims to segment objects that are highly integrated with their background, presenting significant challenges such as low contrast, complex textures, and blurred boundaries. Existing deep learning methods often struggle to achieve robust segmentation under these conditions. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel COD network, SAM2-DFBCNet, built upon the SAM2 Hiera architecture.

Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of the Inhaled Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound ZHW on Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent allergic disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis. Drawing on traditional Chinese medicine theory and contemporary pharmacological principles, this study developed an inhalation-based herbal formulation, ZHW, to explore a novel non-invasive therapeutic approach. To investigate the therapeutic effects of ZHW on AR and elucidate its underlying mechanisms and potential targets through an integrated analysis of network pharmacology and proteomics.

RxnCluster: A Web-Based Tool for Exploring Reaction Clusters Leading to Target Molecules by Digitalizing Typical Biosynthetic Patterns.

Biosynthetic pathways for producing target molecules can be regarded as series of sequential reactions that can also be digitalized as typical biosynthetic patterns (reaction rule clusters) for producing analogs. Conventional methods for pathway design in silico consider only reaction rules with a single step, which neglect the more efficient synthetic strategies crossing multiple steps. The structure of a molecule is topological and can be divided into multiple substructures; different molecules with one or more identical substructure fragments may have similar biosynthetic strategies.

Lipid Oxidation of Stored Brown Rice Changes Ileum Digestive and Metabolic Characteristics of Broiler Chickens.

Long-term storage may induce lipid oxidation in brown rice and impact its utilization in animal diets. One-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens (with an initial body weight of 20 g) were randomly divided into three groups: corn-based diet (Corn), fresh brown rice-based diet (BR1) and stored brown rice-based diet (BR6), with 8 replicates of 10 birds per pen, in a 42-day feeding trial. The results showed that lipid oxidation indexes increased and fatty acid composition changed significantly in BR6 ( < 0.

The Regulatory Role of EvfG Through Coordinated Control of Flagellar Biosynthesis and Energy Metabolism in Porcine Extraintestinal Pathogenic (ExPEC).

In this study, we found that the deletion of the gene in the type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene cluster significantly affected the motility of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) strain PCN033. Furthermore, the bacterial motility assay showed that Δ mutants exhibited reduced motility compared to the parental strain. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a significant reduction in the number of flagella in the mutant Δ when compared with PCN033.

Metabolic Changes in Zebrafish Larvae Infected with : A Widely Targeted Metabolomic Analysis.

Objectives: To explore the metabolic changes in zebrafish larvae after infection with , this study adopted a widely targeted metabolomic approach to analyze the changes in the overall metabolic profiles of zebrafish larvae infected for 5 days.

Methods: Data were collected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mass spectrometry data were processed using Analyst 1.

One-Pot Anodic Electrodeposition of Dual-Cation-Crosslinked Sodium Alginate/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Interpenetrating Hydrogel with Vessel-Mimetic Heterostructures.

This study develops a one-pot anodic templating electrodeposition strategy using dual-cation-crosslinking and interpenetrating networks, coupled with pulsed electrical signals, to fabricate a vessel-mimetic multilayered tubular hydrogel. Typically, the anodic electrodeposition is performed in a mixture of sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), with the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt hydrate (EDTA·NaCa) incorporated to provide a secondary ionic crosslinker (i.e.

Associations between multiple circulating metals and clinical characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma: a hospital-based pilot study.

Metal exposure has been identified as a risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma, yet the relationship between internal metal exposure and clinical characteristics reflecting tumor development has been underexplored. In this cohort study, we enrolled 285 consecutively admitted lung carcinoma patients and 118 age and sex-matched healthy participants, and determined the metal concentrations in paired plasma and blood cells by using a well-evaluated ICP-MS method. The associations between individual or combined metal exposures and tumor size, location, stage, or lymph node metastasis were evaluated by using univariable tests, logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, weighted quantile sum, and Bayesian kernel machine regression.

Oppositely charged polysaccharide nanofibers coated gauze with hemostatic potential.

Cotton gauze remains a clinically prevalent hemostatic material, yet its effectiveness remains compromised by bleeding. We have deposited cationic quaternized chitosan (QCS) and anionic catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HADA) nanofibers onto cotton gauze to prepare QCS/HADA@gauze. Upon blood contact, oppositely charged nanofibers electrostatically adhere through complementary charge interactions.

Mechanism of ultrasonic-alkali-thermal modification for enhancing the emulsifying properties of rice protein and its stability in high-internal-phase emulsions.

Rice protein, as a hypoallergenic plant protein, faces limitations in food industry applications due to the poor emulsification of its native form. In this study, rice protein was subjected to ultrasonic, alkali-thermal, and combined ultrasonic-alkali-thermal treatments. Experimental results revealed that the ultrasonic-alkali-thermal combined treatment significantly reduced the particle size to 129.

Synthesis and biological activity of neopeltolide and analogs.

Neopeltolide, a macrolide natural product of marine origin, was initially isolated from a deep-sea sponge belonging to the Neopeltidae family. This compound has garnered significant attention due to its intriguing structural complexity and remarkable biological potency. Since its discovery, the scientific community has reported over twenty distinct total syntheses, formal syntheses, and fragment syntheses of this natural product, along with developing more than eighty neopeltolide analogues with their corresponding biological evaluations.

Multivariate analysis of regional variations in quality, safety, and flavor of commercial fragrant rapeseed oils in China.

This study analyzed commercial fragrant rapeseed oils (CFROs) from the Southwestern aera, the Central area, the Eastern area, and the Northwestern area in China. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with quantitative descriptive sensory analysis was used to assess quality indicators covering physicochemical properties, nutrients, safety parameters and volatile compounds. The aim was to provide scientific support for determining the geographic relevance of the quality of FCROs products for regional production optimization, safety improvement and consumer guidance.