Single-cell atlas reveals heterogeneous response to FcRn blockade in anti-AChR antibody-positive generalised myasthenia gravis.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease predominantly driven by autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptor (AChR), resulting in muscle weakness. Efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blocker, reduces pathogenic immunoglobulin G in anti-AChR antibody-positive generalised MG (gMG). This study aimed to identify immune mechanisms underlying MG pathology and response to efgartigimod.

Mechanism of ultrasonic-alkali-thermal modification for enhancing the emulsifying properties of rice protein and its stability in high-internal-phase emulsions.

Rice protein, as a hypoallergenic plant protein, faces limitations in food industry applications due to the poor emulsification of its native form. In this study, rice protein was subjected to ultrasonic, alkali-thermal, and combined ultrasonic-alkali-thermal treatments. Experimental results revealed that the ultrasonic-alkali-thermal combined treatment significantly reduced the particle size to 129.

Study on the cultivation of Lactobacillus using rice wine lees and protection capabilities during spray and freeze drying.

Rice wine lees (RWL), a byproduct of traditional Chinese rice wine production, can be used to cultivate strains and enhance their viability during spray drying (28.5 % survival) and freeze drying (31.8 % survival).

Long-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure Promotes Neutrophil Ferroptosis Resistance, Inducing Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Driving Glucocorticoid Resistance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Glucocorticoid resistance increases the frequency of acute exacerbations and the risk of death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a history of long-term heavy smoking. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil ferroptosis resistance and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced glucocorticoid resistance in COPD. We collected clinical specimens from COPD patients and healthy subjects.

The Combination of UPLC MS and Derivatization Method for Analysis of Purslane for Ulcerative Colitis In Vivo.

Portulaca oleracea L. (PL) has significant clinical efficacy in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), which significantly affects patients' daily life. However, the absorption and metabolism of PL in vivo remain unclear due to the difficulty in detecting organic acids.

Evaluation of flavor properties in rice bran by solid-state fermentation with yeast.

Rice bran (RB) as an available agricultural by-product is currently underutilized due to its susceptibility to oxidation and rancidity. This study investigated the evaluation of flavor properties in RB by solid-state fermentation with yeast (). The volatile compounds (VOCs) in fermented RB were detected by chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS).

Mechanistic investigation of a soybean protein isolate-soyasaponin-pectin composite system on soyasaponin bitterness in an acidic environment.

Herein, a soybean protein isolate-soyasaponin (SPI-Ssa) composite system was constructed to mimic a complex, multifaceted soybean product system. This system was stabilized via the addition of high-methoxy pectin (HMP) and low-methoxy pectin (LMP), and the bitter taste of Ssa was modulated. HMP and LMP were compared using sensory evaluation and an electronic tongue assay, revealing that HMP was more effective in suppressing bitterness.

Integrating Multiomics to Reveal and Validate Key Proteins, Metabolites, and Pathways of ASB14 Affecting Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes AC16.

ASB14 may be involved in the heart failure progression through protein ubiquitination, but the involvement of downstream proteins and metabolites remains unknown. This study aimed to refine the regulatory mechanism of ASB14 on cardiomyocyte functions through in vitro experiments, proteomics, metabolomics, and integration analyses. In this study, pCDH-ASB14 was transfected into AC16 cells to construct an overexpression model of ASB14.

Precise Control of Active Site Configurations in High-Entropy Intermetallic Compounds for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs), composed of five or more elements in similar proportions, exhibit unique physicochemical properties, but their disordered atomic structures pose challenges in the precise control of active sites. In contrast, high-entropy intermetallic compounds (HEIs), with an ordered atomic arrangement and well-defined atomic positions, provide clear active site configurations, making them particularly advantageous for complex electrocatalytic reactions like the nitrate reduction reaction (NORR). Herein, we present the FeCoNiGeSb-HEI with precisely controlled elemental distributions, leading to the formation of distinct active sites.

Association Aamong Ppolymorphisms in the Aapoptosis-Rrelated NKX3-1, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and BCL-2 Genes and Prostate Cancer Susceptibility From 9706 Cases and 12,567 Controls.

Background: While there is a growing volume of evidence suggesting that relatively prevalent functional polymorphisms present within apoptosis-related genes may influence human prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility, the clinical relevance of these findings remains inconclusive.

Aims: This meta-analysis was thus developed with the goal of generating more precise estimates of the relationships between polymorphisms in four apoptosis-associated genes (NKX3-1, caspase-3, caspase-9, and BCL-2) and the risk of PCa.

Methods And Results: The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed (CNKI and Wanfang) databases were searched for relevant studies published through December 20, 2023, using the following keywords: "polymorphism" or "variant" and "carcinoma" or "cancer" or "tumor" and "NKX3-1," "CASP3" or "Caspase-3," "CASP9" or "Caspase-9," "BCL-2" or "B-cell lymphoma" and "prostate cancer" or "PCa" or "prostate adenocarcinoma.

Overcoming radiation-induced PD-L1 and COX-2 upregulation by nitric oxide gas nanogenerator to sensitize radiotherapy of lung cancer.

Currently, certain lung cancer patients exhibit resistance to radiotherapy due to reduced DNA damage under hypoxic conditions and the cytoprotective and immune-resistance effect caused by increased programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression after radiotherapy. At present, existing nanoparticles or drugs could hardly effectively, and easily address these obstacles faced by highly effective radiotherapy simultaneously, especially the simultaneous depression of PD-L1 and COX-2. In this study, it is newly proved that some typical nitric oxide (NO) gas donors could co-inhibit PD-L1 and COX-2 expression, revealing the possible not fully proven role of NO in reversing tumor immunotherapy resistance.

Reconstitution of CXCR3 CCR6 Th17.1-Like T Cells in Response to Ofatumumab Therapy in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is effective in reducing relapses and disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. This study aimed to examine immune profile changes associated with ofatumumab in a prospective cohort of Chinese patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods: Seventeen RRMS patients were enrolled in this uncontrolled, prospective, observational cohort study (OMNISCIENCE study) and received regular subcutaneous ofatumumab treatments.

The impact of diabetes on chronic pain in different body regions among adults aged 50 and older: a cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: This study investigates the association between diabetes and chronic pain across various body regions in individuals aged 50 years and older, while assessing the influence of gender, hypertension status, age, and glycemic control on this relationship.

Methods: Data from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database included 10,315 participants, with 1,983 diabetic and 8,332 non-diabetic individuals. Logistic regression models assessed the relationship between diabetes and chronic pain, adjusting for confounders.

Study on flavor characterization, bitter perception quantification and abatement measures of Tartary buckwheat noodles.

Tartary buckwheat staple foods are gaining increasing attraction among individuals with hyperglycemia due to their high bioflavonoid content, which inhibits starch digestion. However, these bioflavonoids also impart undesirable flavors, such as bitterness, which significantly impairs the palatability and consumer acceptance of Tartary buckwheat staple foods. In this study, the flavor characteristics of Tartary buckwheat noodles were analyzed, and methods to reduce bitterness were investigated using psychophysical techniques.

Incorporating Ordered Indium Sites into Rhodium for Ultra-Low Potential Electrocatalytic Conversion of Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid.

The upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-derived ethylene glycol (EG) to glycolic acid (GA, a biodegradable polymer monomer) via electrocatalysis not only produces valuable chemicals but also mitigates plastic pollution. However, the current reports for electrooxidation of EG-to-GA usually operate at reaction potentials of >1.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), much higher than the theoretical potential (0.

The Safety and Efficacy of Intravascular Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Severe Coronary Artery Calcification in 261 Cases: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Coronary artery calcification is strongly linked to factors such as advanced age, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. Severe coronary artery calcification significantly elevates the complexity and risk of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), potentially giving rise to complications such as incomplete stent expansion, restenosis, and thrombosis. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), a novel approach, can break up calcified plaques and facilitate stent delivery and expansion.

Estrogen mitigates ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte ferroptosis through the downregulation of PHLDA3 expression.

Ferroptosis represents a significant target for mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Existing literature indicates that estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) can alleviate such injuries through various pathways. However, the specific mechanisms by which E2 may confer protection against myocardial I/R injury through the inhibition of ferroptosis remain to be fully elucidated.

Exosomal ALKBH5 Alleviates Vascular Calcification by Suppressing Cell Apoptosis via m6A-Modified GSDME.

This study aimed to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of ALKBH5 in the progression of coronary artery calcification. Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) were treated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) and exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) carrying ALKBH5, a GSDME overexpression vector or si-GSDME. The morphology and size of the exosomes were assessed using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Synthesis of a novel starch-based emulsion gel with remarkable low-temperature stability via esterification, ozone-oxidation and ion induction.

A novel starch-based emulsion gel was designed via octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) esterification, ozone oxidation, and ion (Ca) induction. The gel properties and low-temperature stability of emulsion gel with different oxidation time (0, 5, 10, 15, 25 min; OW-0, 5, 10, 15, 25) were systematically investigated. FTIR revealed that the oxidation of CC and -OH groups in OW-0 by ozone oxidation led to their cleavage into carbonyl groups, and than transformed to carboxyl groups.

TLN1: an oncogene associated with tumorigenesis and progression.

Talin-1 (TLN1), encoded by the TLN1 gene, is a focal adhesion-related protein capable of binding various proteins in the cytoskeleton. It is also expressed at high levels in many cancers wherein it influences cellular adhesion and the activation of integrins. TLN1 is also capable of promoting tumor cell invasivity, proliferation, and metastatic progression, in addition to being a relevant biomarker and therapeutic target in certain cancers.

Molybdenum-doping to enhance the deprotonation ability of nickel-based hydroxide electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation.

With technological advancements, the practical application of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is becoming increasingly promising, yet the need for higher ethanol concentrations highlights the growing importance of the deprotonation ability (Ni to Ni) of the catalyst. The deprotonation ability is the key step for nickel-based catalysts in EOR, as it is essential for Ni to continuously undergo deprotonation to transform into Ni in order to maintain the continuous EOR. Herein, we developed Mo-doped Ni(OH) nanosheets by a hydrothermal method.

Research on the Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Ni-SiC Composites Constructed for Steel Storage Tank Application.

In this paper, the effects of the SiC phase incorporated in Ni substrate deposits on storage tank steel during electrodeposition at different current densities are explored. The microstructure, phase content, and corrosion resistance of the resulting Ni-SiC composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) matched with energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an electrochemical workstation, respectively. SEM micrographs and EDS results show that at 2.

Transition Metal-Gallium Intermetallic Compounds with Tailored Active Site Configurations for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis.

Gallium (Ga) with a low melting point can serve as a unique metallic solvent in the synthesis of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The negative formation enthalpy of transition metal-Ga IMCs endows them with high catalytic stability. Meanwhile, their tunable crystal structures offer the possibility to tailor the configurations of active sites to meet the requirements for specific catalytic applications.