Evaluation of subsp. antigens capable of stimulating host IRG-47 release identifies Mmm604, Mmm605, and Mmm606 as potential subunit vaccine antigens.

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by subsp. (Mmm), is a devastating cattle disease with high morbidity and mortality, threatening cattle productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa and potentially in parts of Asia. Cross-border livestock trade increases the risk of CBPP introduction or reintroduction.

Targeting of the cellular ATM rather than ATR kinase exhibits therapeutic potential during the lumpy skin disease virus infection in vivo and in vitro.

Due to the lack of timely vaccine prevention and effective drug treatment, lumpy skin disease is increasingly becoming a global epidemic, including in China. There is an urgent need to explore the pathogenic mechanism of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and develop practical therapeutic approaches. The present study provides concrete evidence for the simultaneous induction and activation of nuclear ATM-mediated double-strand break and ATR kinase-dependent single-strand break signaling cascades during LSDV replication in the cytoplasm.

An ultrasensitive biosensor for H1N1 virus coupled with 3D spherical DNA nanostructure and CRISPR-Cas12a.

To achieve ultrasensitive and real-time detection of the H1N1 influenza virus, this study designed a nucleic acid-free fluorescent biosensor based on 3D spherical DNA nanostructure and CRISPR/Cas12a (3D-SDNC). The biosensor constructs a rigid 3D nano-framework via self-assembly of six oligonucleotide chains, with H1N1-specific nucleic acid aptamers and Cas12a activator strands strategically positioned at multi-spined vertices for precise spatial coupling between viral recognition and signal transduction. Upon aptamer-virus binding, the induced conformational change liberates the activator strand, thereby activating the trans-cleavage activity of the Cas12a/crRNA complex to efficiently cleave the HEX/BHQ1 double-labeled fluorescent probe and initiate cascade signal amplification.

Identification and antiviral mechanism of a novel chicken-derived interferon-related antiviral protein targeting PRDX1.

In this study, we identified a new chicken-specific protein, named chicken interferon-related antiviral protein (chIRAP) after sequence analysis and comparison, which inhibited the proliferation of various viruses including influenza A virus (IAV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in vitro, and chicken embryos with high expression of chIRAP reduced IAV infection. Mass spectrometry analysis of chIRAP interacting proteins and screening of interacting proteins affecting the function of chIRAP revealed that the deletion of endogenous chicken peroxiredoxin 1 (chPRDX1) significantly reduced the antiviral effect of chIRAP. In order to clarify the functional site of chPRDX1 affecting the antiviral effect of chIRAP, we constructed the point mutants of chPRDX1 based on the results of molecular docking (D79A, T90A, K93A, Q94A, R110A, R123A), and screened the sites affecting the antiviral effects of chIRAP by knockdown of endogenous chPRDX1 combined with the overexpression mutant strategy, the results showed that the mutations in the sites affected the antiviral effects of chIRAP to different degrees, with D79A being the most significant, and the D79A mutation of chPRDX1 reduces the ability of chPRDX1 to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Genomic and stress resistance characterization of GX17, a potential probiotic for animal feed applications.

Unlabelled: Lactobacilli, recognized as beneficial bacteria within the human body, are celebrated for their multifaceted probiotic functions, including the regulation of intestinal flora, enhancement of body immunity, and promotion of nutrient absorption. This study comprehensively analyzed the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of () strains isolated from the intestines of healthy chicks and assessed their potential as probiotics. The assembled genome consists of 29,521,986 bp, and a total of 1,771 coding sequences (CDSs) were predicted.

Influence of copper level and source on performance, tissue accumulation, and faecal excretion in fattening pigs.

Copper (Cu) supplementation is essential in pig nutrition; however, its effects on performance, trace element accumulation in edible tissues, and environmental excretion require careful evaluation. In the present study a total of 24 male, castrated fattening pigs of two different hybrid mast lines (11 weeks of age) were divided according to their initial body weight (25.8 ± 3.

Knowledge, Perception, and Practices Concerning African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Value Chain in North Central Nigeria: Implications for Adaptation of Prevention and Control.

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease of pigs that is endemic in Nigeria. Smallholder farmers have been implicated in driving disease spread, yet little is known about their perceptions about the disease and the role they play in the local epidemiology. Additionally, it remains inadequately documented how other smallholder pig value chain actors perceive and influence ASF spread.

Integrated CRISPR-Cas12a and RAA one-pot visual strategy for the rapid identification of subspecies .

Strangles, a highly contagious disease caused by subspecies (), significantly impacts horse populations worldwide, with Iceland as the only exception. This disease poses serious threats to equine health and results in considerable economic losses. Consequently, the accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of from clinical samples is essential for early warning and effective disease management.

Cystic Echinococcosis and Taenia spp. Infections in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Geographical Distribution.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Taenia spp. infections are major zoonotic helminthiases with substantial public health and economic burdens, particularly in endemic regions. Despite their classification as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), these tapeworm infections remain understudied in Nigeria.

Co-existence of mcr-1 and bla from porcine-derived Escherichia coli isolated in China and selection of mcr-1 under cephalosporins pressure.

Objectives: The usage of cephalosporins (CEFs) and co-existence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene bla in the same host may promote the prevalence of colistin (CST) resistance gene mcr-1. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms how the mcr-1 and bla demonstrate significant co-occurrence in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

SFB flagellin mediates cell adhesion, endocytosis and immune regulation in germ-free mice.

Introduction: Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonization dynamics are crucial for host immune regulation. Given this, the present study specifically examined the functions of SFB flagellin in bacterial adhesion, cellular internalization, and immune modulation.

Methods: and were engineered to express murine and rat SFB flagellin genes.

VaccineDesigner: A Web-Based Tool for Streamlined Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design.

Background: Multi-epitope vaccines have become the preferred strategy for protection against infectious diseases by integrating multiple MHC-restricted T-cell and B-cell epitopes that elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens. Computational methods address various aspects independently, yet their orchestration is technically challenging, as most bioinformatics tools are accessible through heterogeneous interfaces and lack interoperability features. The present work proposes a novel framework for rationalized multi-epitope vaccine design that streamlines end-to-end analyses through an integrated web-based environment.

Highly efficient gene editing of using CRISPR/Cas9 combined with FACS.

() is a major causative agent of feline viral rhinotracheitis and ocular lesions. Due to its large DNA genome, the construction of recombinant viruses presents considerable challenges for conventional methodologies. In this study, we implemented an integrated strategy combining CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to enable the rapid and efficient generation of recombinant viruses.

The Roles of Flavonoids and Other Plant-Based Phenolics in Mitigating Diabetes-Induced Macrovascular Complications.

Macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are diseases of the peripheral and coronary arteries and the cerebrovascular system. Despite the availability of several conventional antidiabetic drugs, the macrovascular complications associated with DM remain a major health burden, partly because the focus of diabetes management has been glucocentric. Interestingly, phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids and other phenolics, were highly promising in the treatment of diabetes-associated macrovascular complications.

Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Amorphous MOF/Graphene Nanozymes With Self-Sustaining Catalytic Circuits for Drug-Resistant Infection Wound Healing.

Diabetic chronic wounds, driven by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, represent a highly challenging clinical issue. Existing therapies fall short in addressing the dual challenges of bacterial resistance and dysregulated wound microenvironments. Although metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes hold potential for catalytic antibacterial therapy, their clinical application is limited by insufficient active site exposure, structural instability of amorphous MOFs (aMOFs), and dependence on toxic exogenous HO.

Comparative profiling of splenic phospholipid and sphingolipid during acute infection.

Lipid profile of spleen and bursa of Fabricius (BF) during acute infection remains unknown. Acute infection models of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and Eimeria tenella (ET) were developed, and spleen samples with African swine fever virus (ASFV) or not were collected. Spleen and BF were examined and characteristic microscopic lesions were observed.

Biomimetic mineralization material RMCP enhanced immunogenicity of subunit vaccine against Clostridium perfringens infection in mice.

Subunit vaccines offer high biosafety but face limited immunogenicity. In this study, we utilized a biomimetic mineralization strategy, rhamnolipid-modified manganese-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles (RMCP), to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines based on-bacterial-like particle (BLPs). Subcutaneous administration of the developed vaccine, which is prepared by encapsulating BLP vaccine with RMCP (named RMCP@COB17) enhanced significantly elevated serum IgG antibody levels in mice, induced a Th1/Th2-balanced immune response, and promoted the secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12.

The PP2A-2 holoenzyme orchestrates daughter cell emergence during cytokinesis in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is a significant pathogen in both humans and animals, with disease progression driven by the rapid proliferation of its tachyzoite stage. In this study, we identify the PP2A-2 holoenzyme as a key regulator of daughter cell emergence during parasite division. This holoenzyme, likely composed of the regulatory subunit TgPR48 (PP2A-B2), the catalytic subunit PP2A-C2, and the scaffolding subunit PP2A-A2, is essential for proper cytokinesis.

Investigations on metabolic diseases of horses in Egypt.

Introduction: Obesity is a significant risk factor that predisposes horses to laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome, arthritis, heart disease, and respiratory issues.

Methods: Mares showing overweight or laminitis ( = 30), different BCS ( = 90) weighing 350-550 Kg were subjected to clinical and rump fat assessments. Blood samples were collected to measure circulating estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and leptin.

An E120R Gene-Deleted African Swine Fever Virus Is Fully Attenuated and Induces Partial Protective Immunity in Pigs.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and represents a major threat to the global swine industry. Until now, no effective commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for ASF control. In this study, we constructed a recombinant E120R gene-deleted virus, ASFV-ΔE120R, based on the highly virulent genotype II strain SY18, to investigate the biological role of the E120R gene.

Characterization of an enterococcal phage endolysin as a potential antimicrobial agent against Streptococcus suis.

Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen capable of transmission from pigs to humans, represents a critical threat to both public health and the global pork industry. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. suis strains, coupled with their ability to form biofilms, has necessitated the development of alternative antimicrobial strategies.

Advances in the type IX secretion system: an exploration focusing on .

The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is specific to the Fibrobacteres-Chlorobi-Bacteroidetes superphylum, the members of which have many specialized features, including gliding motility and the transport of cargo proteins across the outer membrane. At least 20 proteins have been identified as the components of T9SS. Proteins secreted by T9SS use the Sec system to cross the inner membrane, and the conserved C-terminal domain targets them to the T9SS for delivery to the extracellular environment or attachment to the outer membrane.

A T cell-based ubiquitin-mediated mRNA vaccine provides cross-protection against H1N1 and B influenza viruses in mice.

Given the persistent antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses and the continuous threat of emerging pandemics, there is an urgent necessity to develop novel influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad-spectrum immunity against multiple viral subtypes. CD8 T cells provide a promising approach to achieving such protection because of their ability to recognize conserved internal antigens. Particularly, the highly cross-reactive internal nucleoprotein of influenza virus demonstrates remarkable efficacy in safeguarding against infection caused by diverse strains.

Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of BVDV in yaks () in Qinghai, China: high prevalence and dominance of BVDV-1u.

Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major pathogen affecting livestock health in China. However, the current epidemiological status in yaks (), particularly in Qinghai Province, remains insufficiently understood.

Methods: In the present study, a comprehensive serological and molecular investigation of BVDV in yaks was conducted across broad geographic areas of eight administrative regions including Yushu, Guoluo, Huangnan, Hainan, Haidong, Haixi, Haibei, and Xining in Qinghai Province.