Investigations on metabolic diseases of horses in Egypt.

Introduction: Obesity is a significant risk factor that predisposes horses to laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome, arthritis, heart disease, and respiratory issues.

Methods: Mares showing overweight or laminitis ( = 30), different BCS ( = 90) weighing 350-550 Kg were subjected to clinical and rump fat assessments. Blood samples were collected to measure circulating estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and leptin.

A novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, RF26, improves memory impairment and ameliorates tau aggregation and neuroinflammation in the P301S tauopathy mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are primarily used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, but have also been reported to have a potential therapeutic effect for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is likely to be through stimulation of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling by elevating cGMP, a secondary messenger involved in processes of neuroplasticity. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel PDE5 inhibitor, RF26, using P301S tauopathy mice model.

Can silver nanoparticles stabilized by Fenugreek () improve tibial bone defects repair in rabbits? A preliminary study.

Background: A fracture is considered a medical emergency leading to considerable complications.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the accelerating action of Ag-NPs-FG on fracture healing in rabbits.

Methods: Silver NPs (AgNPs) were reduced with fenugreek (FG), loaded into a starch gel base, and investigated for their morphology, size, and charge.

Evaluation of cardiac indices using M-mode echocardiography after administration of metoclopramide and ondansetron in donkeys (): an experimental study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate cardiac indices using M-mode echocardiography after the administration of metoclopramide and ondansetron in donkeys. For this purpose, 10 apparently healthy Egyptian Baladi donkeys () were used in a crossover prospective study. Two trials were conducted with the administration of metoclopramide hydrochloride anhydrous at a dose of 0.

Diagnosing and treating esophageal obstruction in camels ().

Background And Aim: Esophageal obstruction is a common occurrence and a serious condition in camels. This study aimed to assess the effects of mineral deficiency on esophageal obstruction rates in dromedary camels and describe their clinical presentation and treatment outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight camels were allocated to two groups.

M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements of Interventricular Septum, Left Ventricular Internal Diameter, and Left Ventricular Free-Wall Thickness in Normal Horses-A Meta-Analytical Study.

The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic meta-analysis on echocardiographic measurements in normal Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The current systematic meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). All the available published papers on the reference values of echocardiographic assessment via M-mode echocardiography were searched, and fifteen studies were finally selected for analysis.

Comparing the anti-nociceptive, sedative and clinicophysiological effects of epidural detomidine, detomidine-lidocaine and lidocaine in donkeys.

Background: Epidural analgesia using the alpha-2 agonist detomidine (DE), alone or in combination with lidocaine (LD), is frequently employed for standing surgical procedures in horses, but its use has not been evaluated in donkeys.

Methods: In a randomised controlled prospective trial, 24 healthy adult donkeys were assigned to four groups (n = 6), each receiving 40 μg/kg of DE, 0.22 mg/kg of LD, combined DE and LD (DELD) or 0.

Comparative Study of the Sedative and Anti-nociceptive Effects of Sacrococcygeal Epidural Administration of Romifidine, Lidocaine, and Romifidine/Lidocaine in the Dromedary Camel.

In a randomized prospective study, comparative sedative and anti-nociceptive effects of epidural administration of romifidine (RO), lidocaine (LD), and a combination of romifidine-lidocaine (ROLD) in camel were evaluated. Eighteen healthy adult dromedary camels were assigned randomly to three treatment groups ( = 6), each receiving 50 μg/kg of RO, 0.30 mg/kg of LD, or a combination of both RO and LD.

A Descriptive Study of the Carpal Joint of Healthy Donkeys Using Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

This study was conducted to establish a detailed anatomic reference for the carpal joint of apparently healthy donkeys using ultrasonography (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten orthopedically sound adult donkeys were used for US examination of the carpal joint in each forelimb. Additionally, the carpi of ten donkey cadavers were subjected to CT and MRI examinations.

Expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene in cows with puerperal metritis in Egypt.

The aim of this work is to study the expression profile of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1-α hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted genes (RANTES) genes in dairy cows with puerperal metritis, as well as to study the association between polymorphisms in the VDR gene and occurrence of such disease condition, which is considered a key to advances in the preventive medicine for such a problem in the future. Blood samples were collected from 60 dairy cows; from which 48 dairy cows proved to suffer puerperal metritis and other 12 apparently healthy recent parturient dairy cows were selected randomly for assessment the fold change variation in the expression profiles of the studied genes. Depending on the clinical examination, the normal cut-off point of the serum calcium, phosphorus, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and chloride, and the normal reference values of parathyroid hormone (PTH), 18 out of 48 dairy cows suffered puerperal metritis with a normal metabolic profile, which underwent further molecular analysis.

The Prevalence and Molecular Biology of Isolated from Healthy and Diseased Equine Eyes in Egypt.

This work aimed to characterize isolates from the eyes of healthy and clinically affected equines in the Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. A total of 110 animals were examined for the presence of , which was isolated from 33 animals with ophthalmic lesions and 77 healthy animals. We also investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile, oxacillin resistance mechanism, and the major virulence factors implicated in many studies of the ocular pathology of pathogenic .

Abdominal Hernia in Equine: Animal Level Risk Factors and Repair Using Polypropylene Mesh.

There is a paucity of information regarding the frequency and risk factors associated with the occurrence of an abdominal hernia in different equine species especially donkeys, and mules. In addition, the effectiveness of using polypropylene mesh for the surgical management of abdominal hernia in donkeys and mules is still unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of using polypropylene mesh for the surgical treatment of abdominal hernia in horses, donkeys, and mules and to address the occurrence and risk factors associated with an abdominal hernia in the selected animal species.

Utilizing attached hard ticks as pointers to the risk of infection by Babesia and Theileria species in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), in Japan.

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that have a significant impact on their animal hosts. Along with mosquitoes, they are the main arthropod vectors of disease agents in domestic animals, wildlife and humans. To investigate the occurrence and prevalence of piroplasmids in ticks, DNA was extracted from 519 hard ticks collected from 116 hunted Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).

Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Ocular Fungal Infection in Equine from Egypt.

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular fungal infection in equine seems very challenging for owners and clinicians. The present study aimed to identify and characterize fungal species isolated from the eyes of clinically healthy and diseased equines (N = 100) from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological and molecular characterization of the major fungal species.

Antinociceptive Effect of Intravenous Regional Analgesia in Horses Underwent Selected Short-Time Distal Limb Surgeries.

The aim of the present study was to establish appropriate doses for both lidocaine hydrochloride (Hcl) and mepivacaine in intravenous regional analgesia (IVRA) and to assess their intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects in horses with distal limb surgeries. A total of 55 draft horses were included in the present study. Six clinically healthy horses were selected randomly for establishing the doses of lidocaine Hcl and mepivacaine in IVRA in horse limbs.

Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.

Results: Compared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum.

Comparative Effect of Epidural Administration of Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine on Echocardiographic Dimensions and Cardiac Indices in Clinically Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus).

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the changes of the echocardiographic dimensions and cardiac function indices after epidural injection of xylazine or dexmedetomidine in clinically healthy donkeys. In an experimental prospective randomized cross-over study, 10 healthy adult donkeys were injected with saline solution, xylazine (0.20 mg kg), and dexmedetomidine (0.

Discovering the in vitro potent inhibitors against Babesia and Theileria parasites by repurposing the Malaria Box: A review.

There is an innovative approach to discovering and developing novel potent and safe anti-Babesia and anti-Theileria agents for the control of animal piroplasmosis. Large-scale screening of 400 compounds from a Malaria Box (a treasure trove of 400 diverse compounds with antimalarial activity has been established by Medicines for Malaria Venture) against the in vitro growth of bovine Babesia and equine Babesia and Theileria parasites was performed, and the data were published in a brief with complete dataset from 236 screens of the Malaria Box compounds. Therefore, in this review, we explored and discussed in detail the in vitro inhibitory effects of 400 antimalarial compounds (200 drug-like and 200 probe-like) from the Malaria Box against Babesia (B.

Abdominal hernias in camel (Camelus dromedaries): Clinical findings and treatment outcomes.

The present study was designed to describe the clinical presentation of abdominal hernias and to evaluate the efficacy of polypropylene mesh in repair of such affection in camels. Twenty-six dromedary camels were included in this study on the basis of clinical and ultrasonographic evidence of abdominal hernia. Factors associated with prevalence and clinical findings of hernia were presented and hernioplasty using polypropylene mesh was evaluated as a surgical intervention.

Comparative effectiveness of Sumaq and Neem extract cream, Eniloconazole and glycerine iodine on dermatophytosis in Arabian horses: a randomized clinical trial.

Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal disease among animal communities. The major concerns of dermatophytosis are cost of treatment, difficulty of control, and the public health consequences. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical efficacy of Sumaq and Neem extract cream with that of traditional treatments, eniloconazole and glycerine iodine, on dermatophytosis in Arabian horses.

The first molecular detection of Clostridium perfringens from pneumonic cases associated with foot and mouth disease in cattle and buffalo in Egypt.

Panting syndrome and respiratory infection have been recorded in complicated cases of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. However, investigations on the causative agents of respiratory disease in such cases are scarce. In this study, 30 animals (13 buffalo and 17 cattle) suffering from respiratory distress associated with signs of FMD were examined.

siRNA Blocking of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Attenuates Pathology in Annonacin-Induced Tauopathy in Mice.

Tauopathy is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized by abnormal aggregates of pathological phosphotau and somatodendritic redistribution. One suggested strategy for treating tauopathy is to stimulate autophagy, hence, getting rid of these pathological protein aggregates.

Molecular characterization of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in Holstein cows.

Vitamin D plays a vital role in calcium homeostasis, growth, and immunoregulation. Because little is known about the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in cattle, the aim of the present investigation was to present the molecular characterization of exons 5 and 6 of the VDR gene in Holstein cows. DNA extraction, genomic sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, synteny mapping and single nucleotide gene polymorphism analysis of the VDR gene were performed to assess blood samples collected from 50 clinically healthy Holstein cows.