In vitro identification and in vivo metabolic profiling of chemical constituents in seeds.

seeds (MOS), recognized as a nutritionally valuable food, are rich in diverse bioactive compounds and widely utilized for disease prevention and adjunctive therapy. However, their in vitro chemical constituents and in vivo blood-absorbed/metabolized components remain underexplored. This study pioneered the application of UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS to characterize MOS-derived compounds in vitro and in vivo, concurrently elucidating major constituents' fragmentation pathways via mass spectrometry.

CircCRIM1 promotes the translation of HIF-1α protein through its interaction with PTBP3 and enhances malignant progression and angiogenesis in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary intracranial tumor. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely related to the malignant progression of GBM. Elevated levels of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0002346 (circCRIM1) significantly correlate with tumor growth, metastasis, and poor prognosis, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment response.

ZIF-8@GOx@PtNPs driven three-mode portable biosensor: smartphone-assisted sensitive detection of EHEC O157:H7 in food samples.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC O157:H7) is an important zoonotic pathogen threatening global food safety. The development of rapid and sensitive on-site detection technologies is of great significance for preventing foodborne disease outbreaks. In this study, a tri-mode portable biosensor integrating magnetic separation (FeO), nanozyme catalysis (ZIF-8@GOx@PtNPs), and smartphone assisted detection was constructed for the point-of-care detection of EHEC O157:H7.

AI-Driven Discovery and Molecular Engineering Design for Enhancing Interface Stability of Black Phosphorus.

Molecular engineering offers significant potential for developing advanced interfacial materials, yet the complexity of organic molecules poses challenges in discovering optimal structures. This study leveraged large language model (LLM) and machine learning (ML) to accelerate molecular discovery and guide molecular engineering for enhancing the stability of black phosphorus (BP), a promising 2D semiconductor but rapidly degrades when exposed to oxygen and moisture. By utilizing GPT-4o, molecular groups such as ─SiR, ─PR, ─SH, and ═NH that interact effectively with BP were identified and a high-throughput workflow employing graph neural networks (GNNs) models was developed to successfully predict and screen 662 promising candidates from over 117 million molecules.

SCFMUNet: A fusion architecture based on multi-scale state space model and channel attention for medical image segmentation.

Medical image segmentation is essential for disease diagnosis and therapy planning, but the complexity of multi-organ structures and blurred skin lesion boundaries poses challenges. CNNs and Transformers are constrained by limited receptive fields and high computational complexity. The state-space model effectively captures long-range dependencies with linear complexity but struggles with local modeling and channel attention.

Multi-scale interaction and locally enhanced bridging network for medical image segmentation.

Accurate organ segmentation is crucial for precise medical diagnosis. Recent methods in CNNs and Transformers have significantly enhanced automatic medical image segmentation. Their encoders and decoders often rely on simple skip connections, which fail to effectively integrate multi-scale features.

Quantitatively Predicting Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Intensity of Anisotropic Layered Materials.

Angle-resolved polarized Raman (ARPR) spectroscopy provides insights into optical anisotropy and symmetry-related electron-photon/electron-phonon couplings of anisotropic layered materials (ALMs). However, since their discovery over ten years ago, ARPR responses in ALM flakes has exhibited a puzzling dependence on flake thickness, excitation wavelength, and dielectric environment, complicating their understanding and prediction. By taking black phosphorus (BP) (⩾20 nm) flakes and four-layer Td-WTe as examples, this study introduces intrinsic Raman tensors (R) and proposes strategies to predict the ARPR intensity profiles of thick and atomically-thin ALM flakes by considering birefringence, linear dichroism and multilayer interference inside multilayered structures with experimentally determined complex refractive indexes along in-plane axes and complex tensor elements of R for the corresponding phonon modes.

Bidirectional roles of nanoenzymes in enhancing GPC3-CAR T cell infiltration and cancer immunotherapy.

Background: Vascular abnormalities and hypoxia in solid tumors limit the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. This study proposes a biomimic nanoenzyme, Lenv@BSA-PtNPs, combining platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and lenvatinib, to address these challenges in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice model.

Methods: Lenv@BSA-PtNPs were designed using albumin as a solubilizer, embedding lenvatinib via hydrophobic interactions and facilitating in situ PtNPs generation.

Ice-water distribution of antibiotics and antiviral drugs during the freezing-thawing process: influencing factors and related mechanisms.

Seasonal freezing and thawing of surface waters are common phenomena in mid- and high-latitude regions. During freezing and thawing processes, the pollutants in surface waters migrate between ice and water. Antibiotics and antiviral drugs (ATVs) have been widely detected in surface waters and even in river ice.

HHLA2 activates c-Met and identifies patients for targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options in advanced stages. While c-Met is a promising therapeutic target in HCC, identifying patients who will benefit from c-Met inhibitors remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate the role of HHLA2, a B7 family member, in HCC and its potential as a liquid biopsy marker for c-Met inhibitor therapy.

Enhancing stable and high-rate lithium ion storage through multifunctional molecular release in a phosphorus/carbon-bipyridine hybrid anode.

Phosphorus has emerged as a promising anode material due to its high specific capacity of 2594 mA h g and medium redox potential of about 0.7 V ( Li/Li). However, large volume changes and low ion reaction kinetics are still the dominant challenges that affect the long-term cycle stability and high-rate performance of phosphorus anodes.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for atopic dermatitis through inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) management is significantly challenging due to the high prevalence, chronicity, and recurrent nature of the disease, and limited options for its treatment. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) exhibit potential effects against AD; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unexplored.

Methods: AD mouse models were established using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) and ovalbumin (OVA).

Effects of human concurrent aerobic and resistance training on cognitive health: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: The rising prevalence of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, projected to affect 150 million individuals by 2050, highlights the urgent need to enhance neurocognitive health. While both aerobic and resistance training are recognized as effective strategies, their combined effects on cognition remain underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if concurrent aerobic and resistance training (CT) is effective in enhancing cognitive function.

LAPTM4B enhances the stemness of CD133 liver cancer stem-like cells via WNT/β-catenin signaling.

Background & Aims: Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4β (LAPTM4B) is an oncogene implicated in the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous research established a strong association between LAPTM4B and HCC stemness. However, specific mechanisms by which LAPTM4B regulates and maintains the stemness of liver cancer stem cells remain unclear.

Engineered circular guide RNAs enhance miniature CRISPR/Cas12f-based gene activation and adenine base editing.

CRISPR system has been widely used due to its precision and versatility in gene editing. Un1Cas12f1 from uncultured archaeon (hereafter referred to as Cas12f), known for its compact size (529 aa), exhibits obvious delivery advantage for gene editing in vitro and in vivo. However, its activity remains suboptimal.

Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) regulates mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to prevent or alleviate atherosclerosis (AS), with unclear specific mechanism.

Methods: AS models were constructed by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated VSMCs. Cell counting kit-8 for cell viability, wound scratch assay for cell migration, and flow cytometry for cell cycle, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were performed.

Repeat-dose toxicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via subcutaneous injection in NOG mice.

Background: Stem cell therapy shows promise for treating skin diseases and enhancing medical aesthetics. However, safety data for subcutaneous injection of stem cells remain limited. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in NOD.

A High-Modulus Dual-Cross-Linked Shell Promoting Phosphorus-Carbon Composites for Stable and High-Rate Lithium Ion Storage.

Phosphorus is considered an ideal anode material for lithium ion storage by virtue of its high theoretical capacity and moderate lithiation potential. However, issues such as large volume expansion of phosphorus leading to an electrical loss of contact and instability of the solid electrolyte interface hinder its practical performance. Improvement strategies that can effectively suppress volume expansion and provide stable electrical contacts are urgently needed.

Aquatic photochemistry for different dissociation forms of cephalosporin antibiotics: Degradation kinetics, products and photo-modified toxicity.

Cephalosporin antibiotics (CFs) with ionizable groups (-COOH and -NH) are widely detected as emerging micropollutants that pose potential environmental risks to aquatic systems, but few studies have revealed their multivariate photochemical transformation behavior in sunlight-irradiated surface waters. In this study, the apparent photodegradation, photo-oxidation towards reactive oxygen species (ROS, •OH and O), and photo-modified toxicity were investigated for the four ionizable CFs: cefoxitin (CFX), cephalothin (CEF), cefoperazone (CFP) and cefazolin (CFZ). Under simulated sunlight irradiation (λ > 290 nm), their multivariate photo-transformation kinetics varied as a function of pHs and the dominant protonated states of the CF in question (HCFs, HCFs and CFs).

Investigation of the role and mechanism of dapagliflozin in mitigating renal injury in rats afflicted with diabetic kidney disease.

The etiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is multifaceted, with hyperglycemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis recognized as key contributors to renal damage in individuals with DKD. Clinical evidence suggests that dapagliflozin not only reduces blood glucose levels but also demonstrates superior efficacy in ameliorating pancreatic islet cell injury while preserving cardiac and renal function. However, the precise underlying mechanism has been poorly elucidated in the current literature.

Identification of Oligosaccharide Isomers Using Electrostatically Asymmetric OmpF Nanopore.

Glycans, unlike uniformly charged DNA and compositionally diverse peptides, are typically uncharged and possess rich stereoisomeric diversity in the glycosidic bonds between two monosaccharide units. These unique features, including charge heterogeneity and structural complexity, pose significant challenges for accurate analysis. Herein, we developed a novel single-molecule oligosaccharide sensor, OmpF nanopore.

Ultrasensitive detection of microRNAs based on cascade amplification strategy of RCA-PER and Cas12a.

Since microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as markers for early cancer diagnosis, it is crucial to develop a novel biosensor to detect miRNAs quickly, sensitively and selectively. Hence, we developed a fluorescence biosensor based on target miRNA-initiated rolling circle amplification (RCA) to generate RCA products with multiple tandem catalytic hairpin DNA templates that trigger primer exchange reactions (PER) which extend short single-strand DNA (ssDNA) primers into long ssDNA. Subsequently, the long ssDNA activates the -cleavage activity of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system to cleave a fluorescent reporter chain, enabling ultrasensitive detection of miRNAs through the output fluorescence signal.

Revealing the Active Components and Therapeutic Targets of Sanao Decoction against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker and Network Pharmacology.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Sanao decoction (SAD) has been used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for multi-years. However, the potential mechanism and targets for its effects of SAD remain unknown. The 94 components of SAD were identified by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS.

Visible-Light-Induced Imine Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Thioxanthone-TfOH Complex.

Amino compounds are important molecules, commonly found in nature and widely applied in industrial production. Recently, photocatalysis has been discovered as an efficient method to synthesize amino compounds by promoting imine hydrogenation. In this work, a strategy of imine hydrogenation catalyzed by 2e consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) process of thioxanthone-TfOH complex (9-HTXTF) was thoroughly investigated with its reaction conditions optimized, substrate scope examined, and reaction mechanism elucidated, which provides an efficient method for synthesizing amino compounds.

Glycan Sequencing Based on Glycosidase-Assisted Nanopore Sensing.

Nanopores are promising sensors for glycan analysis with the accurate identification of complex glycans laying the foundation for nanopore-based sequencing. However, their applicability toward continuous glycan sequencing has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we present a proof-of-concept of glycan sequencing by combining nanopore technology with glycosidase-hydrolyzing reactions.