Detection of water adulteration levels in milk using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.

Milk is a nutrient-rich food, and water adulteration in milk can reduce its quality and increase food safety risks. Nondestructive and efficient detection of milk adulteration levels is crucial to addressing this issue. This study employed a portable near-infrared spectrometer to measure and analyze the absorbance of milk samples within the wavelength range of 900 to 1,800 nm.

Enhancement of Acarbose Production in sp. QQ-12 via Multiple Engineering Strategies.

The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic engineering is crucial to overcome acarbose production bottlenecks. Herein, a genetic toolkit was developed to enable metabolic engineering in sp.

BED-YOLO: An Enhanced YOLOv10n-Based Tomato Leaf Disease Detection Algorithm.

As an important economic crop, tomato is highly susceptible to diseases that, if not promptly managed, can severely impact yield and quality, leading to significant economic losses. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on expert visual inspection, which is not only laborious but also prone to subjective bias. In recent years, object detection algorithms have gained widespread application in tomato disease detection due to their efficiency and accuracy, providing reliable technical support for crop disease identification.

Dynamic Changes in the Gut Microbiota During Peripartum in Jennies.

The peripartum period is critical for breeding female donkeys (i.e., jennies) and ensuring the delivery of healthy neonatal foals.

Extraction of Bound Polyphenols from L. by Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity In Vitro.

Herein, L. was utilized as a raw material to extract bound polyphenols using an ultrasound-assisted complex enzyme method for the first time. The effects of enzyme ratio, ultrasonic time, liquid-to-solid ratio, and pH value on the bound polyphenol yield were investigated using single-factor experiments.

Epithelial cells and fibroblasts are both activated via TGF-β1 and GSK-3β pathways differentially in the comorbidity of pulmonary fibrosis with lung adenocarcinoma.

Aims: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is always exacerbated by the comorbidity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and patients frequently died from the complications of PF instead of lung cancer. Although many studies have unveiled the mechanisms underlying PF exacerbation due to lung cancer resection and radiotherapy, the influence of lung cancer itself on PF remains enigmatic.

Materials And Methods: We cocultivated mouse pulmonary cells with mouse LUAD cells to explore the influence of LUAD on the pathogenesis and progression of PF.

The association between life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and common comorbid disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate the associations among life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and common comorbid disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study pooled national-level data from the 2021 Health and Retirement Study Perspectives on the Pandemic in the United States and the Big Data Drove Mental Health study in China. A total of 2,036 participants were included in this cross-sectional study conducted from July 2020 to August 2022.

Adipocyte exosome miR-4472 inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through downregulation of MEF2D.

Aims/introduction: Previous studies have found that miR-4472 is overexpressed in the serum of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may participate in the process of obesity-induced T2DM. However, a role for miR-4472 in the process has not been demonstrated. Here, we aim to investigate whether the increased content of miR-4472 in adipose tissue derived from exosomes inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by downregulating the expression of its target gene.

Screening of molecular markers associated with hornless traits in Qira black sheep.

Hornless trait in sheep is one of the important traits affecting their economic production efficiency. In order to screen the molecular markers related to hornless trait in Qira black sheep, we used Illumina Ovine 50 K SNP chip data of 189 Qira black sheep, which were divided into two groups based on their horned and hornless traits. GWAS analysis of individuals of interest.

Exosome-derived miR-548ag drives hepatic lipid accumulation via upregulating FASN through inhibition of DNMT3B.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This study investigates the role of serum miR-548ag in regulating lipid metabolism and its contribution to MASLD in obesity. We found that miR-548ag levels were significantly elevated in the serum of both obese and MASLD patients and positively correlated with body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels.

A lightweight Deeplab V3+ network integrating deep transitive transfer learning and attention mechanism for burned area identification.

Complete and accurate burned area map data are needed to document spatial and temporal patterns of fires, to quantify their drivers, and to assess the impacts on human and natural systems. To achieve the the purpose of identifying burned area accurately and efficiency from remote sensing images, a lightweight deep learning model is proposed based on Deeplab V3 + , which employs the combination of attention mechanism and deep transitive transfer learning (DTTL) strategy. The lightweight MobileNet V2 network integrated with Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is designed as the backbone network to replace the traditional time-consuming Xception of Deeplab V3 +.

Climate: The dominant factor influencing the spatial distribution pattern of the leaf trait network of Populus euphratica along the main stream of the Tarim River.

Leaves are the primary interface through which plants interact with the environment, their functional traits (morphology, anatomy, physiology) directly reflecting ecological strategies that mediate species-environment interactions. These traits link plant performance to ecosystem processes, shaping species distributions and coexistence via their complex relationships with climatic and edaphic factors. Based on previous work, we selected 20 P.

The Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter HAP12 Is Critical in Survival and Virulence.

As an important zoonotic pathogen, relies on a unique organelle known as the apicoplast, which has garnered significant attention as a potential drug target for anti- therapy. To better understand the structure and function of the apicoplast, we previously constructed a membrane protein database of the apicoplast. During this process, we identified the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter protein HAP12, which partially colocalizes with the apicoplast.

Genome-Wide Identification of the Dof Gene Family and Functional Analysis of PeSCAP1 in Regulating Guard Cell Maturation in .

DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors plays critical roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as modulating responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. While the biological characteristics of the Dof family have been explored across various species, their functions in remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we identified 43 family genes through a genome-wide approach, revealing a total of 10 conserved motifs across all family members.

Triketone-acylphloroglucinol-monoterpenoid hybrids from Callistemon viminalis, a new structural template of anti-cardiac hypertrophy.

Seven new β-triketone-acylphloroglucinol-monoterpenoid hybrids, namely callistevimones A-G (1-7), were isolated from Callistemon viminalis fruits. Their structures and absolute stereochemistry were accomplished through a comprehensive analytical method involving mass spectrometry, NMR, ECD calculation, QM-NMR calculation, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 are first examples of β-triketone-acylphloroglucinol-phellandrene with an enlarged-ring.

Genetic diversity and host specificity of Blastocystis in yaks in Xinjiang, northwest China.

Blastocystis is a common intestinal pathogen in human and animals. A total of 826 fecal samples were collected from six counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and applied to PCR amplification based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Blastocystis. The infection rate of Blastocystis in yaks was 75.

Preliminary study of the mechanism of isolinderalactone inhibiting the malignant behavior of bladder cancer.

Background: Isolinderalactone (ILL), extracted from the dried tubers of has multiple functions, such as antioxidation, antitumor, and anti-infection effects. However, there have been few studies on ILL's antitumor role and no reports on its role in bladder cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Human BC cell lines T24 and EJ-1 were treated with different concentrations of ILL (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μmol/L), and the cell proliferation inhibition rate was analyzed using the CCK-8 assay.

The protocatechuic acid catabolism regulator PcaV inhibits lincomycin biosynthesis either directly or indirectly through the control of the expression of other regulatory or metabolic genes.

Lincomycin, synthesized by Streptomyces lincolnensis, is extensively utilized in clinical settings to treat infections caused by Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin biosynthesis is crucial for improving its production. This study identified PcaV, a conserved regulator of protocatechuic acid catabolic genes, as a repressor of lincomycin biosynthesis.

Design and synthesis of thiolutin derived PSMD14/HDAC dual-target inhibitors against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most migratory, invasive, and lethal malignancies and has a poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need to develop more effective drugs for its treatment. Given that PSMD14 and HDAC play an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer, thiolutin is used as a lead compound to design and synthesize a series of dual-target PSMD14/HDAC small molecule inhibitors, aiming to discover more effective anti-esophageal cancer drugs. Through the in vitro screening of PSMD14/HDAC enzyme inhibitory activities of a series of thiolutin derivatives, it was found that compound 8b, with a linker length of 8 and a Zn-chelating group of 1,2-phenylenediamine, exhibited the most balanced inhibitory activity against PSMD14/HDAC.

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the responses of salt resistance of different germplasms to melatonin.

Introduction: Salt stress always causes irreversible damages to the growth of seedlings in arid and semi-arid areas due to the weakest salt resistance at the seedling stage. Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that can enhance the salt stress resistance of several crops. However, the effect of melatonin on the salt stress resistance of is still unclear.

Nonglycosidic bond formation catalyzed by a bifunctional pseudoglycosyltransferase ValL.

The CN antibiotic validamycin A is an antifungal agent widely used as a crop protectant. It comprises a validoxylamine A unit linked to a glucose moiety, which is formed through a nonglycosidic bond connecting a valienol moiety and a validamine moiety, a reaction catalyzed by the pseudoglycosyltransferase ValL. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of validamycins in var.

Hyperspectral inversion of soil organic matter based on improved ensemble learning method.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a vital component of soil, and its rapid and accurate detection is crucial for ensuring land health and stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Soil hyperspectroscopy has demonstrated its efficiency and cost-effectiveness as a method for detecting SOM. In the field of soil spectroscopy, the Ensemble Model (EM) holds substantial promise due to its robust nature and strong generalization capabilities.

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of the G6P[1]-Type Sheep Rotavirus in China.

Rotavirus A (RVA) is a prevalent cause of enteric diarrhea in infants, bovine, pigs, and sheep globally. Currently, the G6P[1]-type rotaviruses are prevalent in sheep or goat in Bangladesh, Turkey, and Uganda. However, this genotype has not been reported in Chinese sheep or goat.

The H5N6 Virus Containing Internal Genes From H9N2 Exhibits Enhanced Pathogenicity and Transmissibility.

The H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) is constantly undergoing recombination and evolution with other subtypes of AIV, resulting in various types of recombinant H5N6 viruses. However, the risk to human public health of different recombinant types of H5N6 viruses remains unclear. Recently, two types of different recombinant H5N6 viruses were isolated from chickens.

Genetic parameter estimation and molecular foundation of Double-yolk eggs trait in white leghorn.

Double-yolk (DY) eggs refer to the presence of two yolks in an egg, and they are often present in fowl flocks. As abnormal eggs, DY eggs occur frequently in the early stages of egg-laying in hens, as well as in hens with early sexual maturity. In order to understand the inheritant pattern of DY eggs and explore candidate genes associated with DY eggs, we selected over 10,000 white Leghorn (WL) chickens from 4 generations and recorded the data during the egg laying period, including total egg number and the rate of DY egg number during the first 2 months and the period of 18-58 weeks of age (EN2month, EN38, EN58, DY2month, DY38, and DY58), age at first egg (AFE), first egg weight (FEW), and body weight at first egg (BWA).