[A cohort study on the association of healthy lifestyle with co-morbidity of overweight/obesity and myopia in adolescents].

To explore the association between healthy lifestyle and co-morbidity of overweight/obesity and myopia in adolescents. Based on the Shanghai Municipal Dynamic Cohort of Student Common Diseases, we used the group-based trajectory model (GBTM) to establish a model for the development of adolescents' healthy lifestyle trajectories aged 11-14 years and the Cox proportional hazard regression model to assess the effects of different healthy lifestyles on the co-morbidity of overweight/obesity and myopia in adolescents. A total of 2 331 adolescents were included in the analysis.

Occurrence, Sources, and Prioritization of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Drinking Water from Yangtze River Delta, China: Focusing on Emerging PFASs.

As regulations ban legacy PFASs, many emerging PFASs are being developed, leading to their release into the aquatic environment and drinking water. However, research studies on these emerging PFASs in drinking water are limited, and current standards only cover a few legacy PFASs, leaving many emerging PFASs unregulated and their toxicity unknown. Therefore, a machine learning-based suspect screening combined with target screening was employed to comprehensively identify and quantify both legacy and novel PFASs in drinking water from the Yangtze River Delta, and their potential sources of contamination were determined through pollutant profile analysis.

Genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from outpatients in Minhang District in Shanghai.

Background: Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) causes tens of thousands of cases of diarrheal disease worldwide each year. However, our understanding of the genome and transmission dynamics of S.

Genomic insights of the co-existence of bla, bla, bla harboring carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii isolates from the intensive care units environment in Shanghai.

Objectives: This study assessed the transmission, prevalence and genomic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii (CARB) isolated from object surfaces and healthcare workers' hands in seven hospitals of Shanghai in 2019 (pre-COVID pandemic) and 2023 (post-COVID pandemic).

Methods: CRAB isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method and whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance genes, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), polysaccharide capsule and plasmid migration were evaluated based on tools such as VFDB database, PubMLST, Kaptive, MOB-suite, etc.

Global, regional, and national disease burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance, 1990-2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Utilizing Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021) data, this study aims to illustrate trends and spatiotemporal patterns of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden from 1990 to 2021, and explore their potential mechanisms.

Methods: This research extracted core indicators including incidence, mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), with their age-standardized rate (ASR). Joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort analysis, inequality analysis, and frontier analysis were applied to describe the temporal and spatial trends of the disease burden.

Effectiveness of a mobile health application on treatment outcomes among patients with tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Treatment compliance is considered significant for curing tuberculosis (TB). Digital adherence technologies (DATs) have been recommended for improving treatment compliance and outcomes of patients with TB. Whereas the effectiveness of DATs on TB treatment remains indefinite, we estimated whether a mobile application has an effect on treatment adherence and outcomes among patients with TB in an urban area in China.

Dietary protein and risk of type 2 diabetes: findings from a registry-based cohort study and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Objectives: Lifestyle intervention, especially dietary modification, has been the cornerstone in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate the associations of various protein intake exposures with the risk of incident T2D in adults with or without metabolic diseases.

Methods: We followed 29517 residents enrolled in the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) without diabetes at baseline through the electronic information system.

Genomic analysis of invasive and non-invasive disease-causing isolated from children between 2014 and 2023 in Suzhou, China.

In 2017, 553,000 clinical cases of in children were reported in China, although the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), which targets the pneumococcal capsule, is not included in the Chinese National Immunization Program (NIP) for children. Therefore, the PCV uptake rate is very low. To investigate the population over the past 10 years in China, we collected 418 S.

The impact of population aging on tuberculosis prevention and control in Shanghai: a prediction based on age-period-cohort models.

Background: The number and proportion of people aged 65 and above in Shanghai are increasing, posing challenges to tuberculosis (TB) control. This study aims to assess the impact of this demographic change on the TB epidemic in Shanghai.

Methods: Data were obtained from the TB Information Management System, with case counts and notification rates calculated by gender, age, and year.

Integration of Animal, Population, and Toxicogenomic Evidence on the Hematotoxic and Immunosuppressive Effects of Environmental Exposure to PFAS Mixtures in Adolescents.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants widely found in drinking water and food, potentially entering the human body through these sources. To investigate these effects, we simulated PFAS exposure doses in animal models, ranging from general population to occupational levels, and analyzed blood and spleen samples. Epidemiological studies linked PFAS exposure to immunosuppression and hematotoxicity, while toxicogenomic analyses validated the underlying biological mechanisms.

Concurrent Formation of Low-Maturity EC and BrC in Biomass and Coal Burning: O-PAH as a Precursor.

Black carbon (BC) significantly influences climate change through light absorption. Traditional emission inventories equate BC with elemental carbon (EC) and overlook the variability in its properties across sources, leading to uncertainties in climate predictions. This study shows that EC from solid fuel combustion contains substantial low-maturity EC (char), whose emissions increase alongside the light absorption of soluble organic carbon (OC) as the fuel aromaticity rises.

Association of physical activity and sedentary time with scoliosis screening positive in Chinese primary and secondary school students: a cohort study in Shanghai.

Background: The relationship between physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and scoliosis screening positive (SSP) among Chinese students has not been extensively studied. This study aims to explore this association using data from the Shanghai Municipal Dynamic Cohort of Student Common Diseases (SMDCSCD).

Methods: We conducted a repeated measures study over three waves (2021, 2022, and 2023).

Traffic Light Labels and Dietary Behavior Change: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence from everyday dining situations regarding the effects of traffic light labels (TLLs) on dietary improvement remains inconsistent.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of TLLs on dietary consumption and choices in cafeteria settings.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 2-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted at a company staff cafeteria in Shanghai, China, from September to December 2022.

A global atlas and drivers of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella during 1900-2023.

Although previous studies using phenotypic or/and genomic approaches monitoring have revealed the spatiotemporal distribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella in local areas, their geographical patterns and driving factors remain largely unknown at a global scale. Here, we performed an analysis of publicly available data of 208,233 Salmonella genomes in 148 countries/regions between 1900 and 2023 and explored driving indicators of AMR. Overall, we found that the geographic distribution of AMR varied depending on the location, source, and serovar.

An Alarming Public Health Problem: Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Urban Recreational Parks.

Ticks function as critical vectors for a wide range of pathogens that pose significant risks to both human and animal health. In recent years, the number and diversity of tick-borne pathogens have increased at an unprecedented rate, elevating tick-borne diseases (TBDs) to a major public health concern on a global scale. TBDs present a dual challenge, not only affecting human populations but also causing substantial economic losses in livestock industries across the world.

Cross-sectional study of preventive treatment for students with latent tuberculosis infection in Shanghai, China.

Introduction: Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) has been initiated systematically in Shanghai supported by a public health project. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of TPT, identify the factors related to its refusal, and find an optimal way to promote TPT among student tuberculosis (TB) contacts.

Methods: We screened contacts of the TB index case from a TB outbreak on campus.

Cohort Profile: The Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort (ISPOHC).

The Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort (ISPOHC) was initiated in Shanghai to address the need for a comprehensive and longitudinal study on iodine nutrition and its effects on maternal and offspring health. The findings based on the Shanghai population can serve as a reference for other megacities experiencing significant dietary changes simultaneously. ISPOHC utilized a stratified cluster random sampling design, enrolling 5,099 pregnant women from all 16 districts of Shanghai.

Neodymium nitrate promotes the apoptosis of mouse liver cells via Bcl2l1/Caspase 3 pathway.

Background: Neodymium, as a strategic rare earth element (REE), has demonstrated bioaccumulative potential and can permeate human systems through inhalation of airborne particulates, ingestion of contaminated food/water, and dermal absorption from soil matrices, ultimately eliciting multi-organ toxicological manifestations. However, the hepatotoxicological profile of neodymium species and their pathophysiological mechanisms remain inadequately characterized. Neodymium nitrate (Nd(NO)), the predominant water-soluble neodymium species, exhibits marked bioavailability with particular hepatic tropism.

Resilience building in public health rapid response teams in urban multi-hazard scenarios: Pathways and strategies from Shanghai, China.

Urban centers face a complex and multifaceted array of public health threats from infectious disease outbreaks and incidents of foodborne pathogens to health crises due to disasters, posing grave risks to people's health and societal stability. As the operational backbone of emergency response systems, public health rapid response teams are mission-critical in performing disease surveillance, outbreak containment, and clinical case management across all phases of emergencies. Nevertheless, persistent structural barriers including workforce deficits and competency mismatches constrain operational effectiveness during large-scale health emergencies.

Sexual Response Problems and Their Correlates Among Older Adults From the Sexual Well-Being (SWELL) Study in China: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Sexual response problems among older adults are not an inevitable consequence of aging but rather a response to sexual health. However, there is a lack of recent and multicenter data on this issue in China.

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of sexual response problems and their correlates among older adults.

Correlates of the sexual and reproductive health service utilization among older people living with HIV in China: Findings from the sexual well-being (SWELL) Study.

Objectives: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is vital to personal overall well-being, this study aims to explore the SRH service utilization and its correlates among older people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to collect data from older PLHIV aged 50 and above in HIV/AIDS treatment hospitals in China.

Sucralose Promotes Benzo(a)Pyrene-Induced Renal Toxicity in Mice by Regulating P-glycoprotein.

Background: Sucralose and benzo(a)pyrene (B[]P) are widespread foodborne substances known to harm human health. However, the effects of their combined exposure on kidney function remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which sucralose and B[]P induce kidney injury through P-glycoprotein (PGP/ABCB1), a crucial protein involved in cellular detoxification.

History and future perspectives of spinosad for mosquito control.

Since the initial discovery of the soil-dwelling actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa in 1982, its metabolites spinosyns and modified spinosoids have been developed to control a wide variety of arthropod pests of economic importance. The most intensively studied are spinosad consisting of natural spinosyn A and D, as well as spinetoram comprising modified spinosyn J and L. The unique mode-of-action, high bioactivity and generally benign environmental safety profile of spinosyns add significant value to this class of pesticides of natural origin.

Assessment of POPs in foods from western China: Machine learning insights into risk and contamination drivers.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs, are major environmental and food safety concerns due to their bioaccumulative and toxic properties. However, comprehensive research on the concentrations and influencing factors of POPs across different food types and regions, particularly in underdeveloped regions of western China, remains scarce. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of POPs contamination in six food types (pig liver, pork, freshwater fish, marine fish, beef, and eggs) from western China by integrating environmental, geographical, socio-economic data, and food POP concentrations with machine learning and multivariate analyses to evaluate distribution patterns, key influencing factors, and associated health risks.

Association between sleep disorders and myopia in Shanghai adolescents: a cross-sectional survey conducted among junior school students.

Background: Numerous research suggest that longer sleep duration correlates with a reduced likelihood of myopia onset in adolescents. Does total sleep quality influence myopia? This study aims to examine the relationship between sleep disorders in adolescents and their effects on myopia and the risk of acquiring high myopia.

Methods: Data from second-grade middle school students across 16 districts in Shanghai were studied.