Effects of external electric fields on the stability and thermal decomposition pathways of triazole-triazine-based energetic materials: a case study of TTX and its derivatives.

Context: High-nitrogen polycyclic compounds have become a research hotspot in the design of new energetic molecules due to their dense nitrogen content, high positive enthalpy of formation, and good structural stability. In particular, the fused structures of triazole and triazine heterocycles can not only enhance energy output but also possess excellent thermal stability. This study focuses on three triazolotriazine energetic compounds: 3,7-dinitro-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (TTX), 7-nitro-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (compound 1), and 3,3'-dinitro-[7,7'-bi[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine]-4,4'-diamine (compound 2).

Mental well-being of college students: focus on sex differences and psycho physiological indices.

Background: Questionnaires that assess psychological functioning are 21 limited by their subjective nature, while HRV can serve as a more objective 22 (but also complex) index of such functioning. This study aims to validate sex 23 differences in college students' mental well-being using psychological scales 24 and HRV, and to investigate the correlation between psychological scales 25 and HRV for each sex.

Method: 240 college students (120 males and 120 females, aged 18-22 27 years) were recruited via cluster sampling from 1st Sept.

Anti-inflammatory effects of 6-gingerol on arthritis in rats by inhibition of the NF-kB TAB1 signaling pathway.

Aim: This study investigated the mechanisms by which 6-gingerol affected miRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and the regulation on NF-κB signaling pathways in synovial cells and GES-1 via miR-30c-2-3p. In addition, the study evaluated potential protective effects of 6-gingerol on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa based on a rat model.

Methods: The role of 6-gingerol was evaluated using assays including Western Blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), qPCR, immunofluorescence, dual luciferase reporter gene assay, ELISA, CCK-8 cell viability assay, and protein expression analysis.

A Zinc-Loureirin B Coordination Nanozyme for Oxidative and Inflammatory Microenvironment Remodeling in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown and synovial inflammation, remains clinically intractable due to the lack of disease-modifying therapies. Existing treatments fail to effectively mitigate the pathological microenvironment, which is dominated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sustained inflammatory responses. Nanozymes have emerged as promising ROS-scavenging agents, yet their therapeutic efficacy is limited by insufficient bioactivity and a lack of immunomodulatory function.

Electrostatic field modulation of high-nitrogen heterocycles: a computational study on energy and stability.

Context: In this study, the effect of external electric field (EEF) on three kinds of high nitrogen heterocyclic compounds with different ring structures (PA-1 ~ 3, oxadiazole, triazole, and tetrazole) was investigated by quantum chemical calculation. By using B3LYP/6-311G + (d, p) theory and Laplace bond order (LBO) analysis, the trigger bond was determined, and further EEF was applied along the X/Y/Z axis (0-0.02 a.

Injectable protein hydrogel microspheres with reactive oxygen species-responsive nitric oxide release for cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Nitric oxide (NO) can alleviate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic effects. However, local NO availability is limited due to its short half-life, reduced production, and consumption by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in injured myocardium. Here, we designed an injectable hydrogel microsphere system (WPI-H-N) based on acrylated whey protein (WPI), onto which phenylborate ester group was attached and served as a ROS-cleavable linker for 5-isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), a NO donor.

Quantum chemical calculations based on 4,5-di(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole and 3,3' -(2H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-diyl)-bis(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one) derivatives: a DFT study.

Context: 1,2,3-Triazole has excellent thermal stability, and both 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-oxazolium are good in structural modifiability. This study employed density functional theory (DFT) to design 24 target compounds (designated PA-1 to PA-24) based on the characteristics of these two heterocyclic systems. Using 4,5-diallyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole-3,3'-(2H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-diyl)-bis(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one) as the parent compound (labeled A1), we introduced different energetic substituents at the C3 position of the oxadiazole ring and the N2 position of the triazole ring.

Iron single atom enzyme-mediated hydrogen sulfide delivery amplifies reactive oxygen species cascade to induce ferroptosis susceptibility.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) represents one of the most deleterious processes contributing to ferroptosis susceptibility. However, the tumor microenvironment is often characterized by an overproduction of endogenous glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, which limit the ferroptosis susceptibility. Herein, we introduce an iron single-atom enzyme (Fe/SAE) nanoplatform, termed Fe/SAE@A, that acts as hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor anethole trithione (ADT) delivery system to amplify LPO-mediated ferroptosis vulnerability.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials for bone disease therapy: multifunctional platforms for regeneration, anti-infection and tumor ablation.

Bone diseases, encompassing defects, infections, necrosis, osteoarthritis and tumors, present persistent clinical challenges, often unmet by conventional therapies due to limited efficacy and biocompatibility. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have emerged as powerful platforms with tunable physicochemical properties that enable efficient drug loading, controlled release and dynamic cellular modulation. Recent advances in 2D structures such as graphene, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides, transition metal disulfides and MXenes demonstrate broad therapeutic potential across orthopedic applications.

A new model for the global patterning of spores and pollen grains.

Spores of fungi and seedless plants, and pollen grains of seed plants, are usually characterized by variable global patterns on the surface. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of these patterns have not been fully understood. We hypothesize that the global pattern of a spore or pollen grain is induced by the stresses resulted from the mismatch between a faster-growing outer part and a slower-growing inner part within the grain and tried to verify the hypothesis by simplifying the developing spores and pollen grains as stressed core/shell structures, simulating the buckling patterns of such structures with different shapes and shell thicknesses through finite element method, and comparing the simulated models with natural spores and pollen grains observed under microscopes.

Spore-inspired inhalation drug delivery system for asthma therapy.

The delivery efficiency of drugs in the lung is crucial for inhaled therapies targeting pulmonary diseases. However, current inhalation carriers face challenges overcoming pulmonary barriers, leading to insufficient delivery efficiency. To tackle this limitation, we have developed a "spore-inspired" strategy.

Activated MAFB in ovarian cancer promotes cytoskeletal remodeling and immune microenvironment suppression by interfering with m6A modifications through WTAP competition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) coordinates cancer progression through complex transcriptional networks, but the molecular mechanisms controlling immune evasion in ovarian cancer remain elusive. Here, by integrating immune dysfunction characteristics across multiple clinical cohorts and single-cell transcriptomics, we identified MAFB as a major regulator of ovarian cancer progression. MAFB expression exhibited stage-dependent elevation and was associated with immune checkpoint characteristics.

Insights into the role of MSLN-positive circulating tumor cell as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) currently lacks highly specific biomarkers for clinical screening. This study aimed to identify and validate novel auxiliary diagnostic markers for EOC.

Methods: Through integrated analysis of transcriptome sequencing data and single-cell RNA sequencing from public databases, we identified mesothelin (MSLN) as an EOC-specific target.

The Practices of Public Hospital Registered Nurses Regarding Post-Stroke Dysphagia, in China.

Background: Dysphagia is one of the most common complications in post-stroke patients, post-stroke medical disease management (eg, thrombectomy procedures) do have a huge influence on the long-term outcomes, with frontline clinical nurses serving as pivotal gatekeepers for early identification and management in post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). However, nurses, especially those in low- and middle-income countries, generally lack the ability to manage PSD, and the current state of Chinese public hospital registered nurses' relevant clinical practice remains unclear.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate how registered nurses, on initial clinical contact, screen and manage post-stroke dysphagia.

Optimizing drug design by merging generative AI with a physics-based active learning framework.

Machine learning is transforming drug discovery, with generative models (GMs) gaining attention for their ability to design molecules with specific properties. However, GMs often struggle with target engagement, synthetic accessibility, or generalization. To address these, we developed a GM workflow integrating a variational autoencoder with two nested active learning cycles.

Transgenerational Effects of Sublethal Glyphosate Exposure on the Predatory Spider Pardosa pseudoannulata in Rice Fields: From Individual to Population-Level Impacts.

Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide globally, may inadvertently affect non-target arthropods, including beneficial predators such as spiders. Here, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of glyphosate on spiders (G0) and explored transgenerational impacts on their offspring (G1). Short-term exposure to LC and LC concentrations significantly altered mating behavior and reproductive output in G0 individuals.

Memory-Efficient Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Multiplayer Differential Games.

Data-driven inverse reinforcement learning (RL) control aims to infer the UCF of a learner system from expert demonstrations. The convergence of existing methods necessitates a data storage mechanism to maintain persistent excitation (PE), which consumes memory and induces delays in satisfying full-rank conditions. To address these problems, in this article, we propose a novel memory-efficient inverse RL algorithm for MDG that eliminates the need for strict PE and data storage.

Single-atom nanozyme-mediated dihydroartemisinin delivery for self-enhanced chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), leveraging intracellular iron ions (Fe) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), is a highly selective therapeutic strategy with significant potential. However, its clinical application is currently hindered by the limited catalytic activity of transition metal ions and insufficient HO supply. In this study, we present a novel and effective CDT approach using an Fe single-atom nanozyme (Fe-SAE) to deliver dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a first-line antimalarial drug.

Single-Cell 5 μm-Resolution Dual-Polarity MALDI-MS Imaging without Matrix Reapplication.

High-resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) plays a vital role in lipidomics, yet challenges persist in analyzing lipids at the single-cell level due to limitations in spatial resolution and lipid coverage. While existing strategies based on a single matrix application step for dual-polarity provide high lipid coverage from the same sample and enable easy sample preparation, matrix depletion limits their spatial resolution to 10 μm, preventing their application to single-cell imaging. Here, we present a single-cell/subcellular resolution strategy for dual-polarity matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) that eliminates the need for matrix reapplication.

Effects of Trehalase on the Gene Expression of the Reproductive Regulation Pathway Network and Triglyceride Metabolism in (Stål).

The high reproductive performance of (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the key factors contributing to its serious damage. Studies have demonstrated that trehalose hydrolysis, catalyzed by trehalase (TRE), plays an important role in the reproductive regulation of . However, it remains unclear how TRE regulates the reproduction of .

Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training on lung function and exercise capacity in older patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is central to COPD management, with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) as a key component. However, evidence is inconsistent on whether combining PR with IMT offers added benefits for older COPD patients.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative effects of PR combined with IMT versus PR alone on key outcomes in older COPD patients, including quality of life [St.

Albumin: A Review of Market Trends, Purification Methods, and Biomedical Innovations.

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, accounting for approximately 50% of total serum protein in healthy individuals. In recent years, albumin has attracted significant attention due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity (metabolizing in vivo into harmless degradation products), non-immunogenic properties, ease of purification, and water solubility. These characteristics render it an ideal candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications.

: phylogeny and species diversity in China.

is a small genus belonging to the family Cortinariaceae, distinguished by its distinctive combination of small basidiospores and presence of both cheilo- and pleurocystidia, a combination that is rarely found in other genera within the Cortinariaceae. To date, this genus consists of only two subgenera and includes seven recognized species. Previously, only a single specimen of was reported from China.

Milk protein-based hydrogels: Development and biomedical applications.

Hydrogels are an advanced class of biomaterials with similar properties to living tissues. Several polymers have been investigated for the preparation of hydrogels that closely mimic the structural and functional properties of the extracellular matrix. Proteins with easily modifiable functional groups, specific biochemical effects, and sensitivity to external stimuli are promising candidates for the preparation of hydrogels for biomedical applications.

MASLD development: From molecular pathogenesis toward therapeutic strategies.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) comprises a spectrum of liver injuries, including steatosis to steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and relevant complications. The liver mainly comprises hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), immune cells (T cells, B cells), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Crosstalk among these different liver cells, endogenous aberrant glycolipid metabolism, and altered gut dysbiosis are involved in the pathophysiology of MASLD.